INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

7-12

Authors: *1Birajdar AP, 2Ramshetty RS and 3Munde Bhaskar S

In India every day the population will increase day by day, so demand of electricity is increasing, but from last five years nature has been disturb due to less rainfalls. Most electric power plants are dependent upon the water as the source. To generate electricity through the use of coal power, wind power, water power. so, scarcity of water is also a big problem for developing the production of electricity. so naturally the water source depends upon rainfall, heavy rain has not fallen in Marathwada & Vidarbh also Increase no. of bore every day that most of the water are used Industrial & Agricultural development. so, the review article deals with factor are responsible for energy crisis in our country & from other renewable energy sources we are contribute some energy power to generate electricity, to contribution for make in India. A Renewable energy should be the choice for the solution of energy crisis. We can also fulfill load demand by reducing transmission loss, by use of LED Lamps, Proper load management, by using solar heaters, Solar Lamp by using solar panels. To increase the generation of power we control the misuse & management in power sector. In Corporating Independent power producers, it’s possible to increase the power generation & ensure its proper use in our country. So, initiative should be taken to develop new technology & skilled manpower required for power sector considering renewable energy sources.

19-25

Authors: Sawant SS

Most of the power generated nowadays is produced using fossil fuels, which emit tons of carbon dioxide and other pollution every second. More importantly, fossil fuel will eventually run out. In order to make the development of our civilization sustainable and cause less harm to our environment, people are looking for new source of substitute clean energy Because of the increasing demands in clean energy, the solar energy industry is one of the fastest growing forces in the market. Nowadays there are several major directions for hybrid solar technology development. For example, photovoltaic systems directly convert the solar energy into electrical energy. Today's most efficient technology for the generation of electricity from solar radiation is the use of multi junction solar cells made of III-V compound semiconductors. Efficiencies up to 39 % have already been reported under concentrated sunlight. Electricity is produced in solar cells which, as noted, consist of more layers of semi conductive material. When the sun's rays shine down upon the solar cells, the electromotive force between these layers is being created, which causes the flow of electricity. The higher the solar radiation intensity, the greater the flow of electricity. The most common material for the production of solar cells is silicon. Silicon is obtained from sand and is one of the most common elements in the earth's crust, so there is no limit to the availability of raw materials. To increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of a PV system, an introduction of combination of polymer and nanoparticles in cell design is fast replacing the silicon PV modules. An overview of this new technology confined to Amorphous silicon (aSi) Cadmium Tellurium (CdTe) , Copper indium gallium selenide (CIS, CIGS), CdSe and TiO2 Hybrid Solar Cells is presented in this paper. The properties and the advantages of the hybrid solar cell have been discussed in detail.

31-35

Authors: *Lature Satishkumar, Kalashetty Shivanand and Jadhav GH

Thermo-electric power measurement is carried out to determine the value of charge carrier concentration (n). Further from the calculated Fermi energy it suggested that the prepared Nd ˗ doped Li ˗Ti ferrites are semiconducting material in nature. On the basis of Koop’s theory a model is proposed for the variation of dielectric constant with frequency and further relaxation time for different compositions are calculated which are in agreement with reported value.

41-44

Authors: Gaikwad AS, More SS, Kathare RV, Mane ML, Borade RB, Vijapure YA and *Kadam AB

BaTiO3 (BTO) has been synthesized by sol-gel autocombustion method. The prepared nanoparticles were sintered at 700 C for 2 hrs. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern was used to study the phase transformation and crystal structure of BTO. All reflections XRD are corresponding to the cubic structure of BTO indicating polycrystalline and single phase formation BTO nanoparticles without the formation of any other secondary phases. The calculated lattice parameter of BTO is found to be a = 3.99 Å and crystallite size was determined as txrd = 75 nm. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the grain size and their morphology. The smaller crystallite size and grain size confirmed the nano-crystalline nature of prepared BTO powder. Spontaneous electric polarization with applied electric field hysteresis loop was measured to investigate the ferroelectric properties of BTO.

49-52

Authors: *Mugle Dhananjay, Barote MA , Ravangave LS and Jadhav Ghanshyam

Cd(1-x)ZnxS (x=0)/ CdS thin films were deposited by the chemical bath deposition technique. Depositions were done on cleaned glass substrates. The compositions, structural properties of deposited thin films were studied using X-ray diffraction technique. XRD studies reveal that the films are crystalline with hexagonal structure. Calculated lattice parameter shows good agreement of jcpds data card. It is observed that grain size of CdS thin film is 18 nm. The band gap of the CdS thin films 3.50 eV as composition x = 0

57-60

Authors: Satpute Sunil, Shelke SB, Birajdar AA, Wadgane Santosh, Lohar KS, Mane DR and *Kadam RH

Ferrite nanoparticles having chemical formula CoYxFe2−xO4 were prepared by sol-gel auto-combution method. The cubic spinel structure of the prepared samples was confirmed by using X-ray diffraction data. The hopping lengths LA and LB were calculated in order to study the hopping mechanism. The distribution of cations over tetrahedral A and octahedral B sites was studied for all samples. From cation distribution data it is clear that Co2+ and Y3+ occupy both A and B sites. As Y3+ substitution increases the percentage of Y3+ ions in octahedral – B site increases than tetrahedral – A site. Small part of the Fe3+ ions also occupy tetrahedral – A site. X-ray intensity ratios were calculated for three planes and compared with observed values.

65-68

Authors: Munde Bhaskar and Barote MA

The objective of this work is to study the influence of deposition temperature on morphological and ethanol sensing properties of the CdO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. These films were characterized for morphological by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As deposited CdO films are polycrystalline with (111) preferential orientation. The relationship between the surface morphology and the sensing properties to ethanol sensing properties of the CdO thin films is newly established. The CdO films exhibited the maximum response of 21% at 300 0C upon exposure to 0.2 vol.% LPG.

73-76

Authors: *Gaikwad PK, Shinde VS and Sawant SS

The Nd3+ doped Cobalt ferrite with a nominal composition of CoFe2-xNdxO4 (where x = 0.00 and 0.02) samples have been prepared by standard ceramic technique. The structural properties are investigated by X-ray diffraction technique and Infrared spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction data shows single phase cubic spinel structure for both samples, whereas no extra peak of Nd3+ is observed when x =0.02 sample. The effect of Nd3+ doped on Infrared spectroscopy properties of cobalt ferrites recorded at room temperature using Perkin Elemer spectrometer (Model 783). It shows that the two strong frequency band ʋ1 and ʋ2 in the wave number range 800-350 cm-1 and it shows that Nd3+ doped cobalt ferrites are decrease than pure cobalt ferrites.

81-83

Authors: Munde Bhaskar S

The objective of this work is to study the influence of Al doping on optical properties of the CdO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. The optical band gap value decreased from 2.51 to 2.32 eV with increasing the Al doping. Aluminum nitrate was used as a dopant.

87-89

Authors: Mohite RM, Kothawale RR and Roy AS

Zinc Oxide nanorods (ZnONR) have been deposited by simple wet-chemical method from the zinc nitrate solution at 600C on ITO coated glass substrates. Synthesized thin films were annealed at 5000C for 5 hr. The obtained thin films have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). XRD pattern showed preferential orientations along (002) crystallographic plane which revealed polycrystalline nature of the film. SEM micrograph clearly showed the formation of highly oriented ZnONR.

93-98

Authors: Sathe BP, Phatak PS, Dalve VS, Rote AB, Tigote RM and *Haval KP

The synthesis of 1, 5-benzodiazepines using Fe3O4@SiO2SO3H nanocatalyst. The iron nanoparticle catalyzed condensation of o-phenylenediamine with several ketones in methanol at room temperature furnished corresponding 1, 5-benzodiazopines.

105-110

Authors: Pachpinde AM, Langade MM, Dhale LA, Ganure Keatn A and Lohar KS

Pr3+ doped PrxCoFe2-xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.025,0.05,0.075, 0.1 )ferrite nanoparticles prepared by using sol-gel auto-combustion method. The prepared samples sintered at 600 0C for 4 hours. Infrared spectra carried out at room temperature in the wavenumber range of 300–800 cm-1 . The IR spectra show two major absorption bands. High frequency bands ‘ν1’ is assigned to the tetrahedral and low frequency bands ‘ν2’ is assigned to the octahedral sites of complex. Force constant for the tetrahedral and octahedral site was determined by using IR data. The values of Force constant use to calculate the Stiffness constants (C11 and C12). Using the values of stiffness constants; Elastic moduli such as Young’s modulus, Rigidity modulus, Poisson’s ratio and Debye temperature are calculated.

116-118

Authors: Jadhav SP

In the present paper, we report synthesis of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using well known sol-gel auto combustion technique and investigations of structural properties. Glycine which is considered as a green fuel was used for the synthesis of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. The metal nitrate to fuel ratio was selected as 1:3 in accordance with the propellant chemistry approach. The phase purity and crystal structure was determined through X-Ray diffraction technique. The analysis of XRD pattern proves the formation of single phase cubic spinel structured cobalt ferrite. The particle size was determined by Scherrer’s formula which is found to be 31 nm, confirming the nanocrystalline nature of the prepared cobalt ferrite.

123-126

Authors: Suryavanshi AW

A series of 6-Amino-3-methyl-4-(3-substituted-phenyl)-2,4 dihydro-pyrano-[2,3-c ] pyrazole-5-carbonitrie synthesized via one pot, four component reaction of ethylacetoacetate, phenyl hydrazine hydrate, aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile in the presence of catalytic amount of Cu-Fe2O4 in ethanol. The key advantages of his process are high yields, shorter reaction time, easy to workup, purification of product by non-chromatographic method and the reusability of the catalyst.

131-134

Authors: Hogade Vilas S

Flavonoids are the phytochemicals found in all plants. About 4000-6000 phytochemicals that have been isolated belongs to the flavonoid group. Flavonoids are secondary metaboilite products formed in the biosynthetic pathway. Due to their physical and biochemical properties play a very important role in plants.