INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

1-6

Authors: Dawange Sahebrao S

Many scientists have pointed out the relevance of alternate renewable sources of energy to overcome ‘Energy Crisis’. Among the renewable sources of energy, solar energy offers a practical solution for the energy problem which is clouding the prospects of mankind. Much of solar energy research in India is concentrated towards developing solar cookers for domestic use. In this context we should concentrate our thoughts on utilizing solar energy for the cooking requirements at the large scale establishments for better future and energy security. For facilitating the quantity cookery in large establishments, Shefller’s reflectors are among the convenient, cost effective and operationally viable devices. In order to iron out all the queries such as the availability, cost benefit ratio, the mode of installation, and the financial support given by the Government for installation, an explorative research study has been undertaken at Prasadalaya of Shri Saibaba Sansthan Trust, Shirdi, Maharashtra where the world’s largest Solar heating steam cooking system have been installed. The findings of this study bring forth the importance of the Sheffler’s reflectors for quantity cookery that could be one of the emerging ventures for meeting the energy demands of the country.

12-16

Authors: Pote Nilesh

Nanomaterials are effectively used for solar energy conversions. Out of which quantum dot (QD) solar cells have thermodynamic conversion efficiency of solar photon conversion above 60%. This was achieved by hot photogenerated carriers produced when electromagnetic radiation falls on solar cells. This produces photovoltages or photocurrents by photoelectric effect. The former effect is based on miniband transport and collection of hot carriers in QD array photoelectrodes before they relax to the band edges by phonon emissions. The latter effect is based on utilizing hot carriers in QD solar cells to generate and collect additional electron–hole pairs through enhanced impact ionization processes.

21-26

Authors: Kolhe Rangnath K

Climate Change & Global warming, ever increasing energy prices, acute energy shortage, forever widening and supply gap, hence energy efficiency and conservation measures have gained importance in the recent years. This paper involved an energy auditing with a view to enhance the existing energy efficiency level in the K.J. Somaiya College, Kopargaon. Energy auditing is a systematic study of existing energy consumption pattern. We know that electricity is unique source of energy to run college activities. During the energy audit, a complete survey of power consumption in the College was carried out. Audit was conducted for lighting, fans, computers, Air conditioners, single phase, three phase water pump and the laboratory equipment and their power consumption pattern was determined. The present energy consumption pattern of institute was identified and suitable energy conservation measures were suggested for minimizing the power consumption in the college. Energy conserved is energy produced. This audit not only conserves energy but also produces energy.

32-36

Authors: Sanap RR

Lotic water bodies like rivers and streams play very pivotal role in maintaining biodiversity and biological balance in nature. In India, most of perennial rivers and their tributaries are being used as sites for disposal of domestic and industrial wastes which impair their water quality, favour the growth of algal blooms and jeopardizing the survival of aquatic life. During present investigations, water qualities of riverine ecosystem like Godavari river was monitored for two year (August 2008-July-2010). From ten sampling stations water samples and algal samples were collected and monitored for qualitative analysis. Present studies revealed that, in all 25 genera and 55 species of Chlorococcales have been reported from all 10 sampling stations. Chlorooccalean flora was found to be dominant during summer. Its number was declined during monsoon and again increased during winter. The commonly found genera were Ankistrodesmus, Scenedesmus, Pediastrum, Chlorella, Crucigenia, Golenkinia etc. Disposal of municipal sewage and agricultural run-off favours the growth of Chlorococcalean flora. The commonly found pollution tolerant genera were Ankistrodesmus, Scenedesmus, Chlorella etc. Their flourished growth indicates pollution status of river at certain stations. The water flow and physico-chemical parameters influenced the occurrence and abundance of Chlorococcalean diversity in the Godavari river.

41-44

Authors: Chavhan GK

The World Energy Committee states that there exists no risk free energy resource and for this reason, while choosing the energy resources, cost factors must be considered with environmental effects. Today, prevention of environment pollution and conservation of environment have a dimension exceeding national borders. The risks that result from using of fossil fuels increasingly (petroleum, coal, gas) must be decreased (air pollution, thinning of ozone layer, acid rains etc). To decrease such risks, besides to increasing of energy productivity, energy resources that emit less sera gas in the atmosphere (like Carbon-dioxide (CO2)) must be preferred. Otherwise, destruction of ecological balance and disasters in future will be inevitable. The negative effects of renewable energy resources on environment are lesser than the conventional energy resources. Costs of renewable energy resources are lesser than the fossil origin fuels. They never consume as they are renewable and in contrary to the conventional fuels, they do not exhibit a significant threat for environment and human health. In this study, effects of energy resources on environment are considered in detail. Especially, effects of renewable energy resources on environment and criteria that must be observed in energy production to prevent environment pollution are examined.

49-51

Authors: Virkar AA, Fakir Shoukat and Sadekar HK*

India is one of the developing nation of the world. It has covered about the 20% world population. It is one most rural population of the world. This population is working in the farming. Our nation is monsoonal country. There is not fixation about the rainfall. Due to the uncertainty of the rainfall which is most of effecting on the economy. National economy Is most of the effecting on the socialcultural development.

55-58

Authors: Yadav Rohan Kumar

The electricity requirements of the world including India are increasing at alarming rate and the power demand has been running ahead of supply. It is also now widely recognized that the fossil fuels (i.e., coal, petroleum and natural gas) and other conventional resources, presently being used for generation of electrical energy, may not be either sufficient or suitable to keep pace with ever increasing demand of the electrical energy of the world. Also generation of electrical power by cold based steam power plant or nuclear power plants causes pollution, which is likely to be more acute in future due to large generating capacity on one side and greater awareness of the people in this respect. The recent severe energy crisis has forced the world to develop new and alternative methods of power generation, which could not be adopted so far due to various reasons. The magnetohydro-dynamic (MHD) power generation is one of the examples of a new unique method of power generation. The other non-conventional methods of power generation may be such as solar cells, fuel cells, thermoelectric generator, thermionic converter, solar power generation, wind power generation, geo-thermal energy generation, tidal power generation etc. This paper elucidates about Different Energy sources, why we are going for non-conventional energy sources, Different non-conventional energy sources & comparison between them, about fuel cells and their applications.

62-68

Authors: Gawali RD1 and Zambare SP2

Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil are potent and effective anticancer drugs commonly used for chemotherapy against solid tumors. These drugs show effective chemoprevention in chemotherapy and also lead to several manipulations and cytotoxicity in tissues. In present studies, sub-lethal doses of Cisplatin and 5fluorouracil (LC50/10 for 96 hours) were given to fresh water bivalves, Parreysia corrugata for 30 days. The acid phosphatase activities were determined from different tissues of control and experimental bivalves by method of Gutman and Gutman. It was found that acid phosphatase activities were increased in different tissues with increased period of exposure to anticancer drugs in experimental bivalves. It was also observed that acid phosphatase activity increased in different tissues were found to be more in Cisplatin treated bivalves than that of 5- fluorouracil treated bivalves.

73-76

Authors: Dudhat SR1 and Kulkarni SR2

The basic parameters like viscosity (η), density (ρ) and velocity (U) can be measured by ultrasonic Interferometer. From these three parameters various thermodynamical and acoustical parameters such as specific acoustic impedance (Z), Intermolecular free length (Lf), adiabatic compressibility ‘s (β) etc. can be n estimated using standard relations from measured values of Ultrasonic viscosities, densities and velocities in the wide range of concentrations at 350 C, 400C and 450C temperatures for Acetone + Propanol-2 + chloroform tertiary system. The solvent-solvent interactions are studied on the basis of increase or decrease in ultrasonic velocity, density, viscosity and other derived acoustical parameters in terms of structure making and structure breaking tendencies of various solvent molecules.

81-85

Authors: Dhanwate SV

Sound that is unwanted or disrupts one‘s quality of life is called as noise. When there is lot of noise in the environment, it is termed as noise pollution. it disturbs the normal activities such as working, sleeping, and during conversations Community noise, or environmental noise, is one of the most common pollutants Community noise includes the primary sources of road, rail and air traffic, industries, construction and public works and the neighborhood‘ (WHO, 1999). Environmental noise is increasingly becoming a community concern internationally Considerable efforts have been made over about the last four decades to reduce noise impacts from transportation sources such as road and rail traffic. Most of the towns in the Nashik district of Maharashtra are congested and densely populated. Towns having the combinations of old and new structure. Because of heavy traffic, urbanization, migrants of peoples from village to town for their civil work with vehicles and residential has been increased noise level. We were mentioned noise level by sound level meter at different locations of Yeola and Manmad town Noise level is notably high at different location as compared to prescribed standard of pollution control Board at both towns, but the present study investigate that noise level in Yeola town is comparatively lower than the noise level in Manmad town. Also Railway junction in Manmad campus this is achieved because well noise more than as in Yeola. Planned development of Yeola town, roads are widened, good plantation cover, modern design of hospitals, Govt. Official building with proper spacing and acoustic design consideration. We conclude that public awareness and public environmental education is essential to safeguard natural environment and to control pollution. Peoples showed be aware about importance of human health and environment protection Act.1986.

90-94

Authors: Shinde GS

In the present study, nitrogen fixation efficiency of Cyanobacteria (blue-green alga) Nostoc muscorum was tested at increasing concentration of commercial grade pesticides Sevin (carbaryl, 50%) and Endotaf (endosulfan, 35%). Estimation of total nitrogen (%) fixed by the tested alga at each concentration (ppm) of pesticides was carried out by using conventional Micro- kjeldahl method. The pragmatic results revealed that, in the presence of 20 ppm of Sevin and even 5 ppm dose level of Endotaf pesticides, total nitrogen content was consistently decreased with the further increase concentrations of pesticides. At the higher dose level i.e. 250 ppm of Sevin and 100 ppm of endotaf, Nostoc muscorum showed 86.9% and 95.0% decrease in total nitrogen content over the untreated control respectively. On the other hand, at 500 ppm concentration of Sevin and 250 ppm of Endotaf pesticide, growth and nitrogen fixation was ceased in the tested blue-green alga. In general, it was seen that higher levels of pesticides application i.e. more than 20 ppm of Sevin and even 10 ppm of Endotaf adversely affected the occurrence and survivability of Nostoc muscorum in the laboratory cultures which is responsible for nitrogen fixation. It was concluded that indiscriminate use of studied pesticides had deleterious effect on nitrogen fixation of cyanobacteria Nostoc muscorum while the recommended doses of field application, the studied pesticides had no adverse effect under various crop fields.

99-102

Authors: Kumari Sumi and Bhatia Deepak

This study deals with the fabrication technique used for novel nano-heterostructures (NHs) and to study their electrochemical properties as Ultra capacitor electrodes. The Ni/NiO core/shell and Co-Ni/Co3O4-NiO core/shell nano-heterostructures Ultra capacitor electrodes offer the desired properties of macroporosity to allow facile flow of electrolyte, thereby reducing device resistance and nanoporosity with large surface area to allow the kinetics of faster reaction. Here the three different electrode configuration, Ni/NiO core/shell and Co-Ni/Co3O4-NiO core/shell nanoheterostructures Ultra capacitor electrodes is studied which exhibites specific capacitances, at a constant current density , high energy , power density , good capacitance retention and long cyclicality. The remarkable electrochemical property of the large surface area nano-heterostructures is described based on the effective nano-architectural design of the electrode with the coexistence of the highly redox active materials at the surface supported by highly conducting metal channel at the core for faster charge transport.

107-109

Authors: Mate HT and Saindanshiv SE

The purpose of this research was to investigate the use of VAM (Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza) fungi species to increase Groundnut production. A pot culture experiment using sterile, potassium deficient soil was conducted to the study with VAM fungi Acaulospora laevis, Glomus fasciculatum and Glomus mossae individually as well as their combination and control in respect to groundnut production. It was observed from result that combination of all VAM fungi shows significant increase in yield followed by Glomus mossae treatment. It was also observed that all individual and combination treatments shows more production as compared to control.