INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

1-8

Authors: Pingale Shirish S1, Punde Vikas M2, Deokar Dinesh E3

Ourancestors looked for the drugs to rescue from diseases. Many synthetic drugs were discovered but they have fewer efficacies and may contradictions. Now a day’s most of the herbal drugs were evolved with the great potentials. The fruit of one of such herb Luffa acutangula (L) roxb, belongs to family Cucurbitaceae is used as common vegetable. The fruits, seeds and plant extracts have been used as antidiabetic, hepato protective, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiulcer, CNS depressant etc. The intention of this article is to focus on variety of pharmacological uses of Luffa acutangula. The present review is based on the areas which are needed to have immediate attention for preparation of herbal drugs based on the pharmacological evidences.

15-20

Authors: Gulave Arun

Study O: N ratio in freshwater bivalve molluscs, Indonaia Caeruleus is reported here by considering the size dependent variation. Freshwater bivalve molluscs were collected from the banks of Kukadi River at Yedgaon dam, near Junnar (Pune). The freshwater bivalves with two different size i.e. small (46-50 mm shell length) and large (56-60mm in shell-length) were collected for determination of changes in the rate of oxygen consumption, rate of ammonia excretion and O:N (oxygen : nitrogen) ratio, during monsoon on July and August . The small size bivalve showed high values of O:N ratio than that of large sized one. The results are discussed in the light of metabolic processes in fresh-water bivalve molluscs.

28-34

Authors: Moulavi Mansur1,2, Kanade Kaluram1,3*, Arbuj Sudhir1, Kale Bharat1

The comparative study of surface activation of MgO under thermal and microwave heating was performed for Wittig reaction under grindstone technique. The nanocrystalline MgO obtained by thermal decomposition of alkali leached Mg(OH)2 under hydrothermal condition and characterized by XRD, UV, IR and Hammett indicator method. Nanocrystalline MgO is activated under thermal and microwave heating for different scale of time and surface activated MgO used as solid base in Wittig reaction. Surface basicity’s are compared for both techniques. Activation of surface is studies by IR techniques and phenolphthalein Hammett indicator method. All results viz. Surface basic activity, IR techniques and Hammett indicator methods suggested that thermal activation of MgO is superior over microwave activation.

39-42

Authors: Tagad Vinayak T

Chromones (1-benzopyran-4-ones) and Chromone derivatives are naturally occurring compounds ubiquitously found in the plant kingdom, and therefore present in representive amounts in a normal human diet.These phytochemicals possess a wide spectrum of biological activities – such as anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumour and anticancer-mainly due to their well-recognized antioxidant properties, which stem from their ability to neutralize active forms of oxygen and to cut off free radical processes. Here we successfully synthesize some chromone derivatives by using substituted phenols in laboratory at room temperature. Crystalline products were characterized using sophisticated techniques such as FT-IR, NMR and mass spectrophotometric methods.

49-55

Authors: Kale Ganesh K* and Borawake Ganesh A

A series of ZnO doped Fe3O4 nano-composite materials were synthesized by using co-precipitation method. The surfactant such as CTAB was used during the synthesis of this nano-composite material. This material then characterized with the help of some sophisticated modern techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, and SEM-EDS. According to these all characterizations results suggested the formation of nano-composite highly crystalline materials. The catalytic activities of synthesized materials were successfully tested on degradation of phenol by using hydrogen peroxide at room temperature. The degradation reaction was monitored by using Ultra-Violet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) techniques. It was found that 15 wt% ZnO doped Fe3O4 nano-composite material shows better activity for the degradation of phenol. The degradation reaction is carried out at room temperature with continuous stirring in presence of sun light irradiation. Thus this degradation reaction is different from conventional heterogeneous catalysis or photocatalysis, in which the degradation reaction is carried out in natural light source. Thus this reported phenol degradation reaction is a quite promising green technology, which could be widely applied in practice.

61-64

Authors: Kadam Sushama S

The synthesized series of derivatives of 5-substituted-alkyl/aryl-1,3,4-thidiazole-2-amine were confirmed by spectral techniques such as IR, 1HNMR, LCMS etc. Computational study of the synthesized molecule gives us clear cut idea about the toxicity and ADMET parameters. The synthesized derivatives didn't show any toxicity issues which was predicted in result. Toxicity profile of the synthesized derivatives were check out in silicon regarding mutagenic, tumorigenic, effect on reproductive system, eye irritant properties. Antimicrobial studies of synthesized molecules are the parameter of screening of synthesized derivatives which was also produces acceptable result. In that molecular modelling and docking study reveals the antimicrobial properties with selected protein target via literature survey and PDB. Due to increase in AMR problem day by day cause the resistance to antibiotic drugs and it affects the severe problems to community and hospitalized patients as well as healthy persons. Mainly these problems arises due to population, industrialization, pollution and deforestation, new microorganisms are continuously producing and cause diseases such as swine flu, antiviral infection, and asthma in short infectious diseases increased day by day. To fight against these harmful microorganisms there was continuous and consistent effort of scientist to develop new molecules which could be used for the treatment of infections.

69-72

Authors: Waghmare Suraj S1, Kamthe Vishal M1, Desai Anjana S1, Patil Mahendra2 and Mujawar Sarfraj H1*

In the present manuscript we report the synthesis and characterization of transparent CdS thin films on glass and conducting (FTO) substrate by chemical bath deposition technique.As prepared samples were further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-VIS spectroscopy for the investigation of structural and optical properties of CdS respectively. XRD pattern recorded for the as prepared sample reveals the nanocrystalline cubic structure of CdS. From the SEM images it observed that the sample exhibits nanocrytalline CdS platelets like morphology. At low magnification structure seems like cabbage. For the study of optical properties of CdS absorption and transmission spectra were recorded. UV-VIS absorption spectra clearly gives the information that the absorption initiates at 524 nm and therefore band gap of CdS sample is ~ 2.36 eV. Similarly, from the UV-VIS transmission spectra, it is observed that transmittance of CdS thin film is approximately 99% above 400 nm.

80-84

Authors: Aware Dinkar V

Undoped and iron-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (Ti1-xFexO2 where x = 0.00 – 0.05) were synthesized by acid catalyzed sol–gel method. The synthesized products were characterized by sophisticated instrumental techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and ultraviolet –visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis-DRS) XRD pattern confirmed the tetragonal structure of synthesized materials. Average grain size was determined from X-ray line broadening using the Debye–Scherer relation. The crystallite size was found to be in the range 5.6 to 17.9 nm when calcined at 500 °C temperature. The doping of 1–5 mole% Fe into TiO2 proved a great decrease in the size of nanocrystals as compared to undoped TiO2. The TEM micrographs revealed the spherical-like morphology with average diameter of about 8 to10 nm which is in agreement with XRD results. UV-Vis-DRS clearly showed the shift in the absorption towards visible region of the spectrum.

91-95

Authors: Jain Gotan H1, Bongarde Ruturaj R2, Musale Digvijay B2 and Nikam Latesh K2*

Zn2TiO4 is functional material having wide applications like sensors, solid oxide fuel cell, thermoelectric material and regenerable catalyst. Hence we have synthesized Zn2TiO4 by combustion method at 650 0C. The as synthesized compounds were characterized by UV-DRS and XRD techniques. The gas sensing properties as synthesized compounds were tested for NH3, H2S, Ethanol, CO2, Cl2, CO, H2, and LPG. Nanostructured Zn2TiO4 showed maximum sensing response for NH3 gas at 300 0C (23.36 ppm) The sensing performance was tested using static gas system.

101-107

Authors: Padol Abasaheb1 and Thorat Shital2

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as excellent materials in many fields, such as biology, medicine, environment and material science due to their high specific surface area, biocompatibility, low toxicity and strong magnetic responsivity. In this work, we designed and fabricated β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) coated MNPs which could be used in various bio- and environ-mental applications. Cyclodextrins are natural olig-osaccharides which have the molecular Inclusion / complexation capabilities through host-guest interactions with a wide variety of organic and inorganic molecules. Tagging cyclodextrins with magnetic stable nanoparticles makes them magneto-responsive and may lead to a new generation of catalysts which will provide good opportu-nities for applications in the fields of bio-separation / purification, contaminants removal from waste water in environment pollution cleanup and hydrophobic drug delivery. In this work Fe3O4, CeO2, Fe3O4-CeO2 β-cyclodextrin coated Fe3O4, β-cyclodextrin coated CeO2 and β-cyclodextrin coated Fe3O4-CeO2 were prepared using different co-precipitation method. Functionalized nanoparticles were characterized with XRD and Raman analysis. The catalytic activities were tested for degradation of phenol and oxidation reactions. The degradation of phenol was monitored by chance in colour of the reaction mixture form colorless to dark brown. The chance in the concentration of phenol was monitored by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer.

111-115

Authors: Suryawanshi Sampatrao B

The term “soil testing” refers to the full range of chemical, physical and biological tests that may be carried out on a submitted sample of soil, though in the present context, only nutritional aspects will be considered. Assessment of land capability for various forms of agriculture, In the present investigation the physicochemical study of soil is based on various parameters like total Organic Carbon, Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P2O5), Potassium (K2O), pH and Conductivity. To study the effect of phosphate fertilizer, phosphorus, and application of nitrogen to increase percentage yield of crops . This information will help farmers to decide the problems related to soil nutrients amount of fertilizers to be added to soil to make production economic.

121-124

Authors: Athawale Bhagyashree K

Environment means to the sum total of condition, which surrounds point in space and time. But the term ‘Environment’ is changing from place to place and time to time. Therefore, in the ancient period the term environment was used in limited sense. It was referred to only physical aspects of the earth’s land, air and water as biological communities. With the passage of the time, the term environment was extended the environment through their social, economic and political activities. Therefore, today the term environment is used for climate change, global warming, natural disasters, and soil and land degradation, loss of biodiversity, air and water pollution etc. Moreover, it is, nevertheless, clear that humans are responsible to change the earth’s climate in different ways. The production of carbon dioxide, cutting of forests and agriculture which produces methane, another greenhouse gas (GHG) etc. are responsible for global warming. It is scientifically supported global climate change (GCC) is an emerging issue which is proved as a peril to ecosystems, nonhuman species populations, and human populations etc. Moreover, It is responsible for reduced regional food yields, freshwater shortages, increased frequency of extreme weather events, coastal population displacement, changes in the ecology and geography of infectious agents, declines in farming community incomes, and biodiversity losses with accompanying disruption of ecosystem functions. It is nevertheless, true that these consequences are raised due to the global warming. Therefore, this research paper is an endeavor to illustrate the adverse impact of global warming on the biodiversity.

129-133

Authors: Kanawade Manohar Sitaram

Everything that surrounds us is directly or indirectly connected to the environment. Not only the man, but also other living beings as well as the nature (volcanic eruptions, earthquakes) have effects on environmental pollution. Environmental pollution is present from the very beginning of life, but today it is a serious problem that threatens the survival of mankind. During the preparation of scientific research, we noticed a problem: “What is the influence of the waste management on the environment?” Today, every person living on planet Earth is worried about environmental pollution because the consequences faced every day, through the air we breathe, the food and water we consume, through pollution and radiation we are exposed to. Also, the consequences of environmental problems are manifested through the lack of natural resources, extinction of plant and animal species, as well as the problems in the global ecosystems and bio- chemical processes. Based on the research problem we can hypothesize: Yes, waste management has a great impact on the environment.

139-142

Authors: More Dipali Raju

The Global warming, an important aspect of climate change is closed associated with the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The Climate change is a general ter. It means change in climate. But the Global warming is a kind of climate change. Global warming means the gradual increase in the temperature of the earth. Scientists are supporting to the fact that this global warming is resulted from the enhanced greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Therefore, it is closed associated with the greenhouse gases. It mainly includes carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide etc. It is proved that in these gases allows the incoming short-wave radiation from the sun, but they are responsible to block outgoing long-wave radiation from the earth. It results into increase of the earth temperature. Thus, the climate change is occurred. Since, the greenhouse gases are mainly responsible to the global warming. They are produced due to human activities i.e. the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, the application of fertilizers and the growth of particular types of agricultural production etc. Thus, the population is a significant cause of global warming. The luxuries of population like automobiles and refrigeration are mainly responsible to global warming. There is a close relationship between the population and the release of the green house effect gases in the environment. Therefore, the present research paper is mainly concerned with the research problem that the growth of population on the earth stimulated the global warming as a global concern. The increased proportion of CO2 and other GHGs are the main causes of the global warming. Nevertheless, global warming is the human population induced danger to the planet. Thus, the growth of human population is the main cause of global warming on the green planet.

147-150

Authors: Jawale Vivek

Global warming has endangered the existing life-support systems and conditions of earth. There are different adverse effects of global warming. It is responsible for reduced regional food yields, freshwater shortages, increased frequency of extreme weather events, coastal population displacement, changes in the ecology and geography of infectious agents, declines in farming community incomes, and biodiversity losses with accompanying disruption of ecosystem functions. It will converge adversely on human biology and health. Global warming, ultimately, is a threat to our biological health and survival. The Global warming is the evolution of global change and climate change impact. Recently, government and researcher had tried to create awareness about the Global warming and measures to control it. It results in the knowledge about the nature of, consequences of, and responses to, Global warming. Generally, these processes produce a report or other document. It is wonderful to note that the scientific community believes we are already facing the effects of Global warming. Therefore, the developing countries like India is required to concentrate more on the measures to deal with Global warming successfully. That’s why this research paper has dealt with the different adverse impacts of the Global warming on the health of the human being.

156-160

Authors: Firke Narayan P1, Pingale Shirish S2., Salunke-Gawali,Sunita A3, Markandey Anil G1*

Celocia argentea, a traditional medicinal plant belongs to family Amaranthaceae is well known for its antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cytotoxic, immunomodulating, antidiabetic activities. The dried powder of C. argentea leaves was extracted in CH3OH:H2O (1:4) v/v, concentrated to its 1/10th volume. The exhaustive analysis of C. argentea leaves extract was separated and characterized using HPLC-MS-Q-TOF. The structures were studied and proposed by ESI-MS/MS with MassHunter software. The CerP(d18:1/22:0), is ceramide with phosphate identified at m/z 722.5232 and at retention time 12.03 min is due to adduction of potassium ion followed by loss of water molecule having combination of elements is C40H80NO6P shows 1.94 ppm error. Present study will support in future to propose the plant as a good source of lipid, which will support as a dietary supplement and can be used as a component of cosmetic materials. Apart from this there are compounds of biological origin are the medicines used for chronic as well as severe diseases like cancer, tuberculosis etc.

165-172

Authors: Pingale1 Shirish S, Deokar2 Dinesh E, Punde3 Vikas M

Actiniopterisradiata (family: Actiniopteridaceae) is commonly used as Indian traditional medicine. Actiniopteris radiata has the common names of Morpankhi, Mayurishika and Peacock’s tail. Traditionally Actiniopteris radiata is used alone or with other medicinal plants to treat a variety of ailments. The plant contains rich in tannins, flavanoids, steroids, glycosides, hydrocarbons, Coumarins, triterpenoids and phenolic compounds. The plant used injaundice, typhoid fever, epilepsy, diarrhea, tuberculosis, etc. The plant extract also possesses different pharmacological activities such as, anti-microbial activity, analgesic activity, anti-oxidants, anthelmintic, anti-stress and anti-allergic activities. The present review could form a sound basis for further investigation in the potential discovery of new natural bioactive compounds and provide preliminary information for future research.

179-182

Authors: Raghava Rao V.S.N.

A comprehensive assessment of the impacts of climate change is a grave threat faced by humankind. Changes in the environment-reportedly largely due to greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere by human activity-threaten to make earth uninhabitable for humans. The unnatural climate change we are expecting is the manifestation of a change in the climate of human kind over the past several centuries. To this end an integrated ecological-economic modeling framework is employed, encompassing climate scenarios, agro-ecological zoning formation, socio-economic drivers, as well as world food trade dynamics. Specially, first, impacts of different scenarios of climate change on bio-physical soil and crop growth determines of yield are evaluated on a 5’X5’ latitude global grid; second, the extent of potential agricultural land and related potential crop production is computed. The detailed bio-physical results are then fed into an economic analysis, to assess how climate impacts may interact with alternative development pathways, and key trends expected over this century for food demand and production, and trade, as well as key composite indices such as risk of hunger and malnutrition, are computed. This modeling approach connects the relevant bio-physical and socio-economic variables within a unified and coherent framework to produce a global assessment of food production and security under climate change. The results from the study suggest that critical impact asymmetries due to both climate and socio-economic structures may deepen current production and consumption gaps between developed and developing world; it is suggested that adaptation of agricultural techniques will be central to limit potential damages under climate change.

187-192.

Authors: Gadekar Jaising

Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as food crops, or damage the natural environment or built environment. Pollutants with the strongest evidence for public health concern include particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). Pimpri-Chinchwad is fastly growing city and Asia’s one of the biggest automobile hub. Due to increase in industries and urbanization, the air and water pollution has become a big problem. Due to huge number of vehicles, the percentage of Sox, NOx and RSPM is very high and air in many areas has become unhealthy. Long-term exposure to polluted air can have permanent health effects such as accelerated aging of the lungs, loss of lung capacity and decreased lung function, development of diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and possibly cancer.

199-202

Authors: Langore Kalyan R and Bhujbal Ravindra C

The paper aim at determining the suitability of water near, Kurkumbh MIDC. The present work deals with assessment of variation of seasonal water Quality Index of selected location of village near Kurkumbh MIDC. In the present study, Ground water sample of in selected location of village were taken for investigation and analyzed for various parameters with regard to drinking water standards and assessed for their suitability for drinking water .After analysis it has been observed that ground water quality of location are not suitable for drinking propose .We can highlighting the major issues of drinking water availability and measure to be adopted due to growing industrialization and unhealthy human activity. Water samples were collected from twelve different sites covering borderline area of MIDC and neighboring village downstream to it. These samples were analyzed for various parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, total hardness, Ca/Mg hardness, total alkalinity, fluoride, nitrate, sulphate, D.O., BOD, COD using standard method. It was found that values of TDS, total hardness, total alkalinity and sulphate of the samples are out of the highest desirable limit or exceeded the permissible limit. Some samples are extremely hard and highly saline and absolutely unfit for consumption, domestic use and irrigation. Half of these twelve sites are moderately hard and saline for the study reveals no major changes in water quality during study period i.e. pre and post monsoon. This is because of industrial effluent, which is percolated through ground as well as mixed with water stream causing deterioration of water resources.

208-214

Authors: Doke Jayashri R

Lipases (triacylglycerol acyl hydrolase) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol’s at the oil-water interface to release glycerol and free fatty acids as well as their ability to catalyzevarious types ofsynthetic reactions in non-aqueous environment. These include acidolysis, alcoholysis, aminolysis, esterification, inter-esterification. The Lipase used in each application is selected based on its substrate specificity and stereo specificity as well as temperature and pH stability. Lipasehas attracted more attention in recent years because of its diverse biotechnological applications. Lipase occurs widely in nature, but plant lipase is significant because of its substrate selectivity/specificity. Lipase is one of the most important enzymesused in many food processes, pharmaceuticals, detergents and biofuel industries. Italso Known as Indian coral tree or Tropical coral tree or Tiger’s clow or Moochy wood tree or Variegated coral tree, sunshine tree, coral bean, Pangara (Marathi). It grows wild throughout the costal forest of India. Bark, root, leaves and fruits are used in fever, liver ailment. Rheumatism, relieve joint pain, and to kill worms. Approaches: The Lipase produced by Erythrina Indica seeds was partially purified and characterized in terms of optimal pH and temperature for activity as well as substrate specificity.