INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

1-5

Authors: Dhakane SF and Pandit Vidyasagar

Grape vineyards have been facing problem of disease like pink berry. The causes of which are still unknown. Earliear researchers had studied possible causes of such disease by studying effects of overdoses of pesticides, antibiotics and growth regulators. This study is based on biophysical techniques such as absorption, fluorescence and thermo luminescence. Though the cause of this disease is unknown it has been observed that the occurrence of the disease is more where application of fertilizers, pesticides, antibiotics and growth regulator is un scientific and heavy. Under such circumstances the study of biophysical applications in using PMT cryostatic method of grape vine yards becomes necessary. Steady state Florescence (FL) spectra and Thermo luminescence (TL) glow curves we are recorded from grape leaves treated with Gibberellic acid individually as well as in combination with endosulfan and Benomyl. The TL peaks were analyzed using a computer assisted model based on the general order kinetics theory, various thermodynamical parameters, such as activation energy (E), entropy (∆S), frequency factor (So) and free energy (FE), associated with TL peaks were calculated. The TL study shows that GA at a lower concentration improves photosynthetic efficiency of plant by shifting redox potential of Qb towards Qa, the thermodynamical parameters also showed increase due to pesticide.

10-12

Authors: Sherkar VB and Mancharkar AV (Ph.D.)

In the present work of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) multiferroic Nanoparticles synthesized by Chemical Route followed by thermal treatment at annealed at 300oC, 400oC and 500oC. It is found that BiFeO3 nanoparticles crystallized at annealed 300oC. BiFeO3 nanoparticles with different sizes distributions show obvious ferromagnetic properties, and the magnetization is increased with reducing the particle size. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction of powder (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) or extracting their surface morphology and their crystallographic structure and revealed a homogenous size distribution of nanometric Bismuth Ferrite perovskite powders with a grain size of 200 nm which is in well agreement.

20-22

Authors: Sadekar Harishchandra K

Copper selenide (CuSe) thin films have been deposited on to glass slide substrates by using chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique at room temperature. Growth parameters were investigated to obtain good quality thin films. Structural and optical properties of the thin films were studied by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and spectrophotometer, respectively. XRD and SEM study revealed that the as-deposited CuSe films were amorphous in nature and the deposition was uniform. Optical study revealed that the direct band gap value is 2.3 eV.

27-29

Authors: Pimple Sushama Sitaram

A negative and positive hysteresis effects have been observed in the variation of electrical conductivity with applied V during silent discharges through air and H2 in ozonizers. The ratio (i5/i50) of the discharge pulses at a counting time for the biases of 5V and 50V have been measured in dark and under light. These measurements are then used for determination of its associated light-effects, like net and relative light- effects, net average current in increasing and decreasing fields. The present series of experiments are to study the relative effect %  (i5/i50) in the ratio of discharge currents measured with different detectors in pure gases and to understand the mechanism responsible for its occurrence.

35-40

Authors: Palande Sheetal V1* and Swamy Deelip K2

Coordination complexes of transition metals with Schiff base ligand were synthesized. The characterization of these complexes was elucidated by physical parameters and spectral analysis namely colour, melting point, IR, NMR, UV, Magnetic measurements, TGA and ESR studies. Plant growth regulating activity on seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum (Methi), Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Brassica nigra (black mustard) has been studied using standard Blotter method for evaluation of inhibitory or stimulatory effects of the synthesized compounds. The plant growth analysis was decided by measurement of parameters like percentage of germination, seedling height, shoot length, root length, root/shoot ratio and vigor index. The values of these parameters have been used to make a conclusion about plant growth regulating activity of ligand and its complexes

46-48

Authors: Sanap VB1*, Suryawanshi AD2 and Pawar BH

Nickel doped cadmium sulfide (Cd1-xNixS) thin films were prepared by a simple and inexpensive chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. Cd1-xNixS thin films have been deposited on commercial glass substrate for various nickel concentration (x= 0, 0.3, 0.5. 0.7, 1) at 70±2ºC. The effect of nickel content (x value) on structural, morphological and optical properties have been studied. The as-deposited Cd1-xNixS thin films were characterized using X-ray diffractometer (X-PERT PRO), SEM and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The obtained film shows good crystallinity with hexagonal structure. The average grain size estimated is 4.22nm. The values of energy bandgap obtained are between 2.48 eV and 2.82 eV for varying Ni content between x= 0 to 1 respectively. The other optical properties were under consideration.

55-57

Authors: Gulalkari Rupali A

The supreme role of the plant kingdom as a whole and of medicinal plants in particular in the human welfare was properly realized in India since the time of Vedas, and ayurvedicians have made maximum utilization of plant kingdom in the field of pharmacy. In the subsequent periods also most of the research and interest has been centered on the detailed studies of medicinal plants. For the safer use of bhasma characterization of genuine mettali bhasmas and confirmation of their identity is important to lose all metallic characteristics. Complete conversion of metallic powder to the Bhasma is essential for this purpose. Using plant extract we synthesized Bhasmas and then characterization of it is done by E-DAX analysis.

61-63

Authors: Sonavane DK*1, Jare SK1, Suryawanshi RV2, Kathare RV3 and Bulakhe RN4

Thin films of PbS were obtained by chemical bath deposition method onto the glass substrates. To obtain the PbS thin films the reactive substances lead acetate, thiourea, sodium hydroxide, ammonia, triethanolamine and distilled water were used. The effect of pH of reactive mixtures on the film growth and quality has been studied. The temperature dependence of dark electrical conductivity was studied using two-probe method. The transport characteristic such as thermo-electric power shows that deposited films were p-type in nature.

69-72

Authors: Pingale Shirish S

In present work Ni-S films were prepared by electro deposition method. Sprayed SnO2:F Films on glass to be used as electrodes. Characterization was done by ‘XRD’ analysis and TGA analysis. The observed ‘d’ values were compared with standard ASTM data. Good matching was observed in data and observed values. The bulk X-Ray diffractogram was used to calculate grain size. The thermo gravimetric studies of sample gave us the information regarding the thermal properties of a material. TGA & DTG data also supports to the formation of Nickel sulphide with Nickel having plus two (II) Oxidation state (Ni7S6).

76-82

Authors: Dhiware MD1, Nahire SB2, Deshmukh Sushant3

Microwaves play important role in the moisture detection in soil, plants and other agricultural products. Electrical properties such as dielectric loss, dielectric constant of soils has been measured at an automated x band microwave setup in TE10 mode operating at 9.56 GHz. It is measured for different moisture content. Soil samples are collected from agricultural land of Western Ghat of Maharashtra. Soil samples were analyzed for physical and chemical properties for the status of available micro nutrients. The measurement is very sensitive to volumetric water content. It is observed that there is slow increase in dielectric constant at lower per cent of water content, whereas it increases sharply at higher water content and becomes constant at certain value of water content in soil. It is observed that dielectric constant increases with increase in moisture content slowly up to transition moisture then it increases rapidly with increase in moisture content. The result shows the change in the electrical properties of soil before and after the addition of water. Also dielectric loss is directly proportional to the ac microwave conductivity and transition temperature. It has been found that emissivity decreases with increase in moisture content. In the field of remote sensing and agriculture, results obtained are useful.

94-97

Authors: Kakade AD

Measurement of surface ozone (O3) mixing ratio was made from January 2016 to December 2016 in Shevgaon (19.35◦N, 75.22◦E,1669 feet above sea level), India. The monthly average of daytime maximum of O3 mixing ratio ranged from 17 to 68 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) with an annual average of about 23.5 ppbv. The diurnal variations of O3 is characterized by maximum of 38.8 ppbv in the afternoon and minimum of 8.4 ppbv early in the morning. Monthly average maximum air temperature and relative humidity (RH) are 33.2 0C and 73% respectively.

102-106

Authors: Goswami Vishal1, Mundotia R2, Thorat N2, Mhatre U 2 Nadkarni MS1

Present work focus on developing various combinations of Chromium based nitride and Carbide thin films. These films deposited in the form of monolayer and nano-structured Bilayers thin film using advance cathodic arc process to produce coatings that have flexibility to modify the surface properties as per the need of application. Coatings produced exhibit a smooth surface suitable for most industrial applications such as Protective, cutting tools, Antireflective or decorative coating. Coatings on industrial equipment such as drills bits, fasteners, stampings and other parts and pieces that would go into heavy-duty applications. The monolayer/nanostructured Bilayer coatings of CrN, CrC and CrN/CrC is deposited. Coatings were deposited by varying coating parameters to obtain specific mechanical properties such as very high corrosion resistance, wear coefficient, toughness & hardness etc. this coating is use to coat on milling tools, round shank tools, trim tooling, plastic molds, punches and brazed carbide tooling. The Detailed investigation of this coating is by Adhesion Test, Wear Measurement and corrosion resistance measurement by potentiostat.

112-115

Authors: Gaikwad SV

Strontium Sulfide thin film was deposited on FTO coated glass surface. These films were characterized by polarization study, XRD study and SEM.

122-127

Authors: Patil Jyoti and Chaudhari Sharmila

Research of the optical properties of III- nitrides quantum well is use to improve the efficiency of optical properties of for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs). Also III- nitride semiconductors are used in applications like water sterilization, skin treatment and security. Twodimension multiple quantum well (MQW) & Modified Symmectric Quantum Well (MSQW) carrier confinement are neccessary to increase the efficiency of AlGaN/lGaN. Therefore AlGaN-based materials are suitable for development of ultraviolet light source. Study of optical properties of the specific structure of AlGaN/GaN has been done in this research. Examination of carrier confinement mechanism and the carrier life time by exciting the material in quantum barrier energy under continuous wave operation in the visible spectrum region ranging from green to blue colors is reported in this research. The theoretical analysis for energy band gap, Refractive indices, Dielectric function and model parameters has been carried out and results of simulation along with temperature drift of various parameters are presented. The paper concludes with the possible application of these results in the design of GaN waveguides, which are to be used at the elevated temperatures and for GaN/AlGaN hetero-structure lasers.

132-134

Authors: Datir AM

Cobalt Phthalocyanine (CoPc), Copper Phthalocyanine (CuPc), Zinc Phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and Iron Phthalocyanines (FePc) are synthesized by chemical reaction from phthalic anhydride and urea. After characterization of materials by XRD, UV Visible and FTIR, sensor samples are prepared in the form of pellets. The change in electrical resistance due to exposure of samples to different concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) of the samples is studied. All samples are studied at room temperature. Response curves of the samples are plotted and best fitted with the chemisorptions kinetics to determine rate constant. The rate constants for different NO2 concentrations and different materials are compared. ZnPc showed highest response rate than CuPc and CoPc and FePc.

140-143

Authors: Taur SM

Nanostructured materials are materials consisting of nanoparticles building blocks on the scale of nanometers (i.e. 10-9 m). Composition, crystallinity and morphology can enhance or even induce new properties of the materials, which are desirable for todays and future technological applications. In this work, we have shown new strategies to synthesis metal oxide and metal nitride nanomaterials. The first part of the work deals with the study of synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles. The optical properties of nanocrystalline HfO2 synthesized using a Sol-gel method. Nanocrystalline hafnium oxide having particle size of the order 10–15 nm were obtained in the present method. The nanopowder was characterized using UVSpectroscopy X-ray diffraction studies. All these studies confirm that the phase formation is complete in the combustion synthesis and monoclinic phase [P21/a(14)] of HfO2 is obtained without the presence of any impurities or additional phases. The optical constants such as refractive index ,extinction coefficient, optical conductivity and the band gap were estimated from UV–vis spectroscopic techniques. The band gap of nanocrystalline HfO2was found to be 5.1 eV.

147-149

Authors: Diggikar Rahul S

Herewith, presented the application of nano metal oxides for the purification of water. Metal oxides in the different nanoforms made composite with activated charcoal, the surface area increases ultimately adsorption increases. Metal oxides like V2O5 in the nano level found excellent ecofriendly reagent useful for purification of water through selective adsorption.

156-160

Authors: Kakade SG1*, kambale RC2, Mathe VL3 and Kolekar YD4

Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion method. The pure spinel phase formation of face centered cubic lattice was confirmed using X-ray diffraction technique. We have investigated the structural, cation distribution using Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetostrictive properties of synthesized cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. FE-SEM image show the almost spherical nanoparticles of cobalt ferrite (CFO) with the particle size of 42 nm. The presence of two vibrational bands in IR spectrum around 694 cm-1 (υ1) and 458 cm-1 (υ2) are associated with the tetrahedral and octahedral group complexes of the spinel lattice. The synthesized cobalt ferrite at nanoscale shows the maximum values of the magnetostrictive coefficient (11 = -240 ppm and 12 = 122 ppm) at the lower value of applied magnetic field (6 kOe). Mössbauer spectroscopy shows that the cobalt ferrite at nanodimension is not perfectly spinel. The cobalt ferrites nanoparticles should be the promising candidates for automotive stress sensing.

165-167

Authors: Taur Vidya S and Sharma Ramphal

In present study, we report on the nanostructured CdS thin films synthesized at an optimum low temperature on glass substrates using cost effective chemical method for photosensor applications. The as-deposited nanostructured thin films were characterized for optical and electrical properties. The optical transmittance spectrum indicates high transmission (~ 60 %) with direct energy band gap of 2.42 eV. The thermoelectric power (TEP) measurements confirms the n-type conductivity of the nanostructured CdS thin film. The I-V studies show significant increase in photo response (~ 96 %) of the nanostructured thin film on illumination with light source of 100 mW/cm2.

172-175

Authors: Suryawanshi AD1, Padampalle AS2, Sanap VB3, Suryawanshi DD4, Pawar BH5

The study of the effect of various stresses like light stress, temperature stress, pollutant stress etc. may be performed using various spectroscopic techniques like absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence kinetics, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy etc. In addition to these techniques the synchronous luminescence technique may be successfully employed to study the effect of stresses on the plant health. In this technique the fluorescence signal is recorded by simultaneously scanning both the excitation and emission wavelengths at same speed with a fixed wavelength interval between the excitation and emission wavelengths.

180-182

Authors: Nagarbawadi Mehboob 1 and Bagwan Sohail2

The electrical behaviour of some of the vegetables, fruits and food grains have been studied using the method of two probe resistance measurement at various levels of frequencies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the behaviour of its capacitance as a function of frequency. Electrical capacitance was found to decrease exponentially with increasing frequency, but the dielectric constant was a function of the moisture content thereby increasing its ability to store energy.

187-191

Authors: Shaikh RS1 and Ravangave LS2

ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using chemical solgel precipitation method using solution of zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide distilled water as starting materials. The stock solutions of Zinc acetate (0.5M) and Sodium hydroxide (0.5M) were used for synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles at different reaction time via, 2hours, 4hours, 6hours and 8hours. The synthesized samples were calcined at 100oC temperature for two hour. The four different samples were prepared by using reaction times 2h, 4h, 6h and 8h. Prepared ZnO particles were characterized by using XRD, FTIR, scanning electron microscopes (SEM), UV-visible spectrophotometer and Photoluminescence (PL). The XRD pattern exhibit wurtzite hexagonal crystal symmetry. The particle size estimated by using Debye-Scherrer formula was found varying with increasing reaction time. The characterizations, scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and FTIR show the significant structural and morphological changes of ZnO particles. The optical study carried out using UV-visible spectrophotometer and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) of the samples shows that absorption edge of UV-spectra are highly blue shifted. The Photoluminescence spectrum exhibits two emission peaks one at 389nm and excitation emission located at 524 nm. The green emission peak attributed to oxygen vacancy or interstitial related defects. The significant morphological changes of the ZnO nanoparticles were investigated from SEM images.

195-201

Authors: Bhosale RR1, Pujari SR1, Muley GG2, Kande SR3, Ghoshir UG3, Kalokhe SB3, Gambhire AB 3*

A series of co-doped TiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized by doping Fe(III), Zn(II), Zr(IV) Sb(III), Ce(IV) with C and N, separately by sol-gel method, combined with surfactant incorporation method. The as prepared sample were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Teller method (BET), UV–Vis diffuses reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The results shows that phase composition, crystallite size, BET surface area and optical absorption of co-doped TiO2 nanocomposites varied significantly with the nature dopants. The photocatalytic activities of these co-doped TiO2 nanocomposites were investigated by degradation Rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution under solar-light illumination. The results showed an appreciable enhancement in the photoactivity of the Fe, C co-doped TiO2 (Fe-C/TiO2) as compared to other co-doped TiO2 because of smaller particle size, higher surface area and the synergistic effect created by higher solar-light absorption and the improved charge separation. The degradation rate of Rhodamine B (RhB) reached 99% in 30 min which is about 10 times higher than that of pure TiO2 photocatalyst.

207-209

Authors: Kalokhe SB1*, Dhumane NR2 and Muley GG3

The growth of Benzene Thiosemicarbazide Cadmium Sulphate. BTSCCdS Single crystals grown by slow evaporation growth technique, BTSCCdS crystals were grown by partial substitution of Cadmium sulphate. The incorporation of sulphate in the grown crystals was qualitatively analyzed from FTIR studies. Absoption spectra taken for the BTSCCdS crystals reveal the better Nonlinear Optical (NLO) crystal. NLO have potential uses in many devices utilizing their ability of frequency conversion, frequency mixing, electro-optic modulation etc. UV-VIS spectroscopy shows the improvement in the optical transparency. Crystal structure has been studied by powder X-Ray diffraction. Thermal analysis has also been performed on the grown crystals to study thermal stability.

214-216

Authors: Kalyankar AN1 and Choudhari AL2

In Thermal power stations for generation of electricity, coal is burnt on large scale so that the coal fly ash is produced on large scale in India. In this paper, the modified zeolite A synthesized using fly ash is used for studying the dielectric properties. The zeolite is modified by ion exchanging so as to form Co-A type zeolite. The samples were tested for dielectric constant (’), dielectric loss (’’), electrical conductivity (ac). The dielectric properties depend upon the percentage of encapsulated metal cations. This cost effective zeolite reported in this work provides a new path to fabricate highly sensitive materials for dielectric applications from hazardous solid waste fly ash.

221-224

Authors: Sonawane Shivaji M

Cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films were deposited by chemical bath deposition method on glass substrates from aqueous solution. The influence of the solution temperature and pH is investigated in this work. Cadmium sulphate , ammonia and thiourea were used as the source materials for the preparation of the thin films sources. These films were then characterized using UV spectroscopy for studying the optical properties. XRD were used for structural studies. SEM and EDAX revealed the morphological characteristics. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the prepared CdS films were polycrystalline with hexagonal structure. CdS thin films were obtained with (002) preferred orientation and having crystallite size 50 nm. It was determined from the broadenings of corresponding X-ray diffraction peaks by using Debye Scherrer’s formula. Band gap of CdS thin film by UV spectroscopy was 2.42 eV.

230-236

Authors: Nahire SB1, Patil GE 2, Jain GH 2, Gaikwad VB3, Deshmukh Sushant B4

Barium titrate oxide (BaTiO3) is synthesized by coprecipitation method with surface modification by Cu to improve the sensitivity and tailoring the operating temperature, when the surface modified thick films are exposed to H2S. The thick film sensor is prepared by screen printing technique. Then BaTiO3 thick films are surface-modified by Cu, using cupric acid. Influence of Cu on the film phase composition, microstructure and sensing characteristics is discussed. Dynamic response properties show that the operating temperature of the surface modified BaTiO3 thick film is at 100 oC, which is about 250 oC for pure BaTiO3. Response time of the sensor is about 10 s while recovery time is 30 s. The selectivity of the sensor elements for H2S against different gases was also discussed.

241-244

Authors: Jadhav Madhuri S and Bhise RB

In the present work, we have synthesized nanobioceramic material by using simple cost effective chemical precipitation method. Calcium Nitrate and Diammonium hydrogen orthrophosphate are used as a source of calcium and phosphrous to maintain the Ca:P ratio 1.66 which is similar to our natural bone .The pH was maintained at 12 by using liquid Ammonia and synthesis is carried out at constant temperature 100oC for continuously stirred for 3 hrs. Afterwords synthesized material is dried at 100degree celcius for 2 hrs. Structural investigation is carried out by using XRD and morphological evaluation is examined by Scanning Electron Microscope. It is observed that the synthesized material is found in the range of 30-60 nm as investigated by XRD and SEM. Hence it is remarkable to note that the one-pot chemical precipitation method is successfully used to synthesize nano-bioceramic.

251-255

Authors: Vavhal Prashant1, Katale Chetan2 Beloshe, Tejas2, Patil Navnatha2, Durge Mayur2

This paper attempts to select the significant process parameters by Taguchi methodology while machining of STAINLESS STEEL 410 by AWJM. Different process parameters like pressure, feed rate, and standoff distance in three different levels are selected for optimization with three contravene responses, higher MRR and low machining timing by a single parametric combination. For Design of experiment L9 orthogonal array is prepared to set the input significant parameters for final product is calculated for better optimization purpose also different combinations of the factors are ranked on basis of grey relational grade.

260-266

Authors: Pasupula Ganga Shekar, Ekar SU and Mane RS

In the present report; we have discussed inorganic CuBiS2 NPs-based photosensitized ZnO NRs on ITO substrate. ZnO nanorods (NRs) have been grown by using simple seeding layer and chemical bath deposition (CBD) methods. Inorganic CuBiS2 NPs with varying volumes of copper, bismuth at the rate of 2.5 mL and keeping the volume of sulphur constant equal to the sum volumes of copper and bismuth have been deposited on seeding layer and CBD deposited ZnO NRs at lower temperatures. The structural elucidation of as prepared CuBiS2 NPS-ZnO films have been determined by XRD (Xray diffraction) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX).The films were characterized by UV and Energy band gap analysis and observed that when the Bi-volume was greater than the Cu-volume, then increase in band gap was observed. The CuBiS2 NPS-ZnO electrodes have been examined for solar cell application and the maximum conversion efficiency () of the film has been determined as 0.278 % for Cu-volume 7.5 mL and Bivolume 5 mL than the remaining cases of CuBiS2 and bare ZnO. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies of solar cell have been discussed to study the charge transportation. The present work is novel.

272-275

Authors: Vavhal Prashant, Shivam Swami, Harshal Mahajan, Jueli Lad, Suraj Nanaware

This is 180 º Flipping Mechanism. In this mechanism the component is rotated at an angle of 180 º from its main position. In this mechanism the component is rotated with the help of rack and pinion mechanism. The Gears while transmitting the power develop stresses at the mating positions. A pair of teeth inaction is generally subjected to stresses like bending stresses inducing bending fatigue, Wear stresses inducing wear fatigue and Shear stresses inducing shear fatigue. It is required to explore some alternate materials to improve the performance of the spur gears and to sustain stresses. Composite materials provide adequate strength with weight reduction and they are emerging as a better alternative for replacing metallic gears. This work includes design and weight optimization of output pinion.