The Problems of Economy

15-24

Authors: Levanda O. M.

The aim of the article is to identify the main directions to improve the regulatory framework for ensuring the living standard of Ukraine’s population. The approaches to the assessment of the living standard in Ukraine and Poland are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of the methodology for determining the living standard of the population are revealed. It is established that the Polish consumer basket includes four minimum consumption categories, namely: subsistence minimum, social minimum, social protection floor, family income support. In Ukraine, there is one category of consumption norms – the subsistence minimum without actual costs. As a result, the legislatively established normative living standard lags behind the actual needs of various groups of the population. It is substantiated that the minimum consumption categories in Poland guarantee a person the satisfaction of basic needs both at the constitutional and legislative levels. In Ukraine, the normative living standard is at the level of the poverty line and thus results in excluding part of the population from the accepted standard of living in the society. The shortcomings of the Polish legislation include: term of approval of state social guarantees; threshold value of the indexation of monetary incomes of the population; methodology for measuring the differentiation of living standards. The article presents proposals for the realignment of the measurement of the living standards, target group, and coverage of the population in need of social assistance, with selecting determination criteria close to the EU standards.

31-38

Authors: Vasyltsiv T. H., Lupak R. L., Rudkovsky O. V., Byelikova S. O.

The aim of the article is to substantiate the conceptual provisions for state regulation of the development of the tourist complex as a branch element of the national economic security system. The necessity of state participation in regulation of the development of the tourist complex, which is determined by current trends in the market environment, is substantiated. The theoretical principles of the formation of the system for state industrial regulation are identified, and its impact on the economic security of the state is considered. The characteristics of the components of the development potential of the tourist complex in the system of state industrial regulation are presented. There made a review of the essential characteristics of the concept “state regulation of the development of the tourist complex,” which confirms the lack of a unified scientific approach to determining the basic criteria for measuring effectiveness of state regulation of tourism activities. The elements and sequence of state regulation of the development of the tourist complex, which takes into account the prerequisites, measures, tools and objectives of the regulatory policy of the state in the tourism industry, are determined. The elements of the state policy for realizing the potential and ensuring the economic security of the tourist complex of the state are formed.

45-52

Authors: Ilyash O. I., Blokhin P. V.

The urgency, versatility and complexity of the problem of establishing the economics of peacebuilding in the system of national economic security are a matter of utmost importance for Ukraine, which has become an object of the Russian aggression, and requires a more deep study. The absence in the Ukrainian realities of a relevant study on the problem of the economics of peacebuilding complicates the development of mechanisms for overcoming internal and external threats to the economic security of the country, which necessitates the intensification of scientific research in this area. The article examines the development principles of the economics of peacebuilding, as a tool to overcome the social and economic imbalances in the development of Ukraine, and its impact on ensuring the economic security of the country. An attempt is made to determine the impact of the economics of peacebuilding on the system of economic security of the country in the post-conflict period. It is proved that the economics of peacebuilding in the system of national security is the material basis for the national sovereignty. The results of the study deepen the problem of underdevelopment of economic ties with EU countries. The authors are convinced that the reduction of hybrid threats and risks to the economic security of the country based on the economics of peacebuilding can guarantee the sustainability and stability of the national economy, its ability for self-development and economic progress along with social priorities and interests of the country. At the same time, the achievement of a truce creates new opportunities for the restoration of industrial and infrastructure facilities, attraction of international donors, resumption of economic ties, real support and revitalization of small and medium-sized businesses, formation of a new business model of the national economy. It is concluded that among the national interests of Ukraine in the sphere of economic security the highest priority should be paid to the creation of a competitive, socially oriented economy on the basis of peacebuilding and ensuring a steady increase in the standard of living and welfare of the population.

62-72

Authors: Khaustova V. Y., Reshetnyak O. I.

The aim of the article is analyzing the patterns and trends prevailing in the scientific sphere of Ukraine to identify the main problems in its development. As a result of the study, the main regularities and trends in the development of science in Ukraine are determined. It is proved that the development of science in Ukraine is contradicting the global trends. The main indicators characterizing the state of scientific development of the country, namely the changes in the number of scientific institutions; number of researchers; qualitative composition of researchers; distribution of funding for scientific and technological works; structure of sources of funding scientific and technological works; structure of expenditures on the implementation of scientific and technological works; share of scientific and technological works in GDP; number of scientific and technological works, applications and patents for inventions; number of innovatively active industrial enterprises, including those that provide funding for research and development. The study made it possible to identify the main problems in the development of the science sector and suggest directions for their solving. Prospects for further research in this area are the justification of specific measures for steering the domestic scientific sphere out of the crisis and the elaboration of recommendations on the formation of a strategy for the development of scientific and technological activities.

81-88

Authors: Shemayeva L. M.

The article presents an analysis of factors which affect the development of public-private partnership (PPP) in Ukraine. Considering that one of the main goals of PPP is to attract capital investments for the construction and modernization of infrastructure facilities, it is proved that the country’s positions in international rankings are important for developing relations with potential investors, strategic partners and also affect the development of the backbone links of PPP mechanisms. It is proposed to structure the indicators of global rankings by combining them into thematic blocks, namely: economic one (Doing Business, Global Competitiveness Index, Index of Economic Freedom, Legatum Prosperity Index); degree of corruption of the system (Corruption Perception Index, The Open Budget Survey, Global Open Data Index); governance indicators (Worldwide Governance Indicators). In the course of the analysis, it is determined that the country’s positions in global rankings should be considered simultaneously as indicators of the need for PPP and identification of obstactes in the development of partner relationship between the state and business. It is proposed to improve the Concept of PPP Development in Ukrainethe focus being made on the need for taking into account the country’s PPP- Readiness Index, based on a comprehensive assessment of the influence of factors of a political, economic, institutional, legal, social, and innovative and technological character. In this context, it is advisable to use the results of the analysis of the country’s positions in global rankings by representatives of government bodies, business, civil society institutions when formulating the national policy on PPP development.

96-101

Authors: Sukhonos M. K., Belyavceva V. V.

The aim of the paper is to develop theoretical and methodological bases for a regional policy capable of shaping directions and tasks of reforms in the sphere of decentralization of power and strengthening of local self-government. Presently, the national economy is undergoing difficult transformations, but the process of positive changes is still hindered due to serious obstacles. As a result, in comparison with the advanced countries, we have a rather critical backlog, which is usually grounded by finding Ukraine at the bottom of world rankings. It is proved that regional development is not a new problem for the national economy, it is the situation and changes in the global space that are new. The strategy of innovation development is new as well, and all this leads to the need for significant developments in the theoretical and methodological bases for management of regional development. Changes in the methodological approach should take into account that regional development is provided by different parties, dominated by the state and local self-government bodies, which must agree upon the goals, interests, and interactions. The basis of methodological knowledge and tools is the orientation towards the object and its specifics; combination of theory with practice; the concept of benchmarking (promotion); consistent analysis of the situation, factors of influence and mechanisms for achieving the goals. It is substantiated that the theory of regional development, in addition to the assessment of the potential, is important to consider the human factor, which implies interests, needs, possibilities and nature of interactions. The study focuses on bringing together the efforts of all participants. Another component is the adoption and support of the innovation paradigm of development, which involves innovation solutions, innovation policy, innovative activities.

108-118

Authors: Lavrenenko V. V., Yanhol H. V.

The aim of the article is to develop an algorithm for designing the process of ensuring strategic performance of enterprises based on the principles of complexity theory. For the first time, the concept “strategic performance of an enterprise” is defined. There disclosed the content of the phenomenon of integrating performance measurement systems into the mechanism of strategic performance management reflecting the complex process of ensuring the highest possible level of strategic performance. The process is presented in the form of a complex system characterized by its own properties – control components and stages. The sources of difficulties that can emerge in such integration are identified. The integrated business model of an enterprise as the optimal one for achieving the maximum strategic effectiveness of an enterprise is considered. There proposed an algorithm for the development of an integrated system to ensure effective performance based on the formation and implementation of measuring the level of strategic performance.

126-133

Authors: Hlushchenko A. S.

The aim of the article is studying the current state of the formation of wealthy territorial communities in Ukraine, identifying the main problems in the course of their formation and financial decentralization, and searching for ways to solve them. The definition of the notion “wealthy territorial community” is clarified, the main instrument for the formation of such communities – financial decentralization – is defined. The state of the regulatory framework for reforming local self-government in Ukraine is studied, the trends in the formation of united territorial communities for the period 2015–2018 is analyzed, the regions in which the decentralization is carried out most actively are identified. The behavior of the share of the communities’ own income in the local budget for the entire period of decentralization is analyzed, and it is found that the budget revenues of the united territorial communities increased at a higher rate than that of other local budgets; it is determined that the largest share in the structure of communities own income is presented by the personal income tax. A significant increase in the volume of state budget support for local self-governments to develop communities and build their infrastructure is revealed. The main problems that occur during the financial decentralization and formation of wealthy communities in Ukraine are identified, recommendations to solve these problems are elaborated. It is determined that further prospects for the reform are related to the implementation of the plan of measures for the second phase of the decentralization, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in January 2019.

145-156

Authors: Brukhanskyi R. F., Spilnyk I. V.

The aim of the article is to identify and justify the prospects for solving the problem of integrating new cryptographic objects into the accounting and reporting system. Despite the lack of legal and regulatory framework for using the attributes of the digital economy, the emphasis is placed on the need to generate the accounting status of crypto assets. The problems of crypto assets (cryptocurrencies and other, different form cryptocurrencies, tokenized assets) as accounting objects are identified. The issue of identification of cryptocurrencies for accounting purposes (cash, cash equivalents, currency, commodities, stocks, financial investments, intangible assets, etc.) is investigated. There defined problems of documentary evidence of transactions performed with crypto assets; identification of the type of assets to which certain tokenized assets should be attributed; determination of the method for evaluating crypto assets in order to ensure a reliable reflection of their value; ensuring an adequate system of internal control of transactions with crypto assets. There formulated an assumption about the problematic nature of the application of a universal approach to the reflection of crypto assets in the accounting system due to their diversity and differences in the functions they perform. It is recognized that the accounting of crypto assets is rather complex in terms of methodology, but it is an extremely new and promising problem that requires a comprehensive solution.

164-176

Authors: Krivtsova Т. О., Liadova Y. O.

The aim of this article is developing theoretical principles and elaborating methodological approaches and practical recommendations to improve the methodology for auditing liabilities of business entities. The article uses the following research methods: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, cause and effect relationship, statistical analysis. Analysis and research of relevant scientific and practical literature, as well as standards which regulate conducting an audit of the financial statements of business entities, allowed to define the concept of audit methodology in general, as well as to determine the nature and content of the methodological support for auditing liabilities of business entities. The relationship between the tasks of the auditor in an audit of liabilities of business entities and sources of information is generalized. Achievements regarding the formation of the methodology for auditing liabilities of business entities at the present stage of development of audit activities in Ukraine, in particular, approaches to the definition and assessment of audit risk in connection with the materiality level, are systematized. As a result of the analysis of the scientific papers and domestic and international legislation, the methodology for auditing liabilities of business entities is improved by developing and justifying guidelines for minimizing audit risk when verifying liabilities, based on the proposed predictive assessment model of acceptable audit risk during an audit of the obligations of business entities. Practical implementation of the research results will allow optimizing the work of auditors in conducting an audit of the financial statements of business entities. In this regard, it makes sense to focus the further research on considering best practices of developed countries and global trends in the field of auditing liabilities of business entities.

185-193

Authors: Voronin A. V., Gunko O. V., Аfanasieva L. M.

This paper deals with the problems of stabilizing economic growth using traditional macroeconomic strategies. The goal taken implies a large-scale use of the machinery of the qualitative theory of discrete economic dynamics. A set of economic and mathematical models that take into consideration the specifics of macroeconomic equilibrium in view of neo-Keynesian economics is proposed. It is essential to analyze the residual effect caused by the “dynamic memory” of all previous values in relation to the present moment in time in the investment policy and the consumption structure. When building dynamic models of economic growth of Gross Domestic Product, functional equations of a specific type, such as Volterra difference equations, were obtained. Accordingly, for each of the above functional equations studied, there received a number of inequalities that determine the domains of parametric stability of the equilibrium. Structural constraints of the basic parameters of the multiplier-accelerator model, which can have a significant impact on the distribution of consumption and investment to ensure sustainable growth of national income, are formulated in an explicit form. There indicated conditions for constraining such parameters as the accelerator capacity and marginal propensity to save, which should be taken into account when developing economic and mathematical models for the purposes of forecasting and managing national macroeconomic policies. Graphic illustrations of the obtained solutions to the corresponding difference equations of the national income behavior are presented.

200-207

Authors: Melnychuk I. V.

The aim of the article is to study the trends in the introduction of tools and principles of the green economy in countries of Europe and Ukraine to improve the efficient energy use. The main priorities of the green economy and its differences from the traditional so-called brown economy are determined. The relevance of the topic is proved using international documents and agreements. There selected indicators to justify the importance of cutting the use of exhaustive resources and reducing emissions to the atmosphere to decrease the burden on the environment. In particular, the indicator of the CO2 intensity (in terms of purchasing power parity) and the share of renewable energy sources in the structure of electricity production in Europe and Ukraine are analyzed and forecast. The analysis allowed to identify and describe institutional and economic tools of the green economy which helped various countries achieve success and cut the use of traditional resources, replacing them with alternative energy sources and increasing the share of the latter. Based on the carried out research, there highlighted social and economic directions and recommendations for Ukraine as regards stimulating the implementation of elements of the green economy and increasing the efficiency of energy use.