The Problems of Economy

13-19

Authors: Rudyka V. I.

It is substantiated that, taking into account the world trends in the development of fuel and energy complexes, in the near future the most preferable direction in using solid fossil fuels will become not just their burning but advanced thermochemical processing, which will result in obtaining such end products as substitutes for natural gas, electricity, and synthetic analogues of hydrocarbons. There analyzed foreign experience on commercialization of indirect coal gasification technologies, among which the technologies of traditional and plasma gasification are singled out. The advantages and disadvantages of these technologies are systematized, and the hypothesis about better prospects for using the technology of plasma gasification of coal in comparison with the traditional analogues that are based on the Fischer-Tropsch process is put forward.

33-39

Authors: Herasymenko O. O.

The aim of the article is the theoretical and applied substantiation of competitiveness of workplaces as a defining feature and component for provision of decent work. The author’s interpretation of the concept “competitiveness of workplaces” and signs of its manifestation in different aspects of social and labor relations are given. Suggestions for improving the methodological structure of the certification of workplaces in the context of determining the components of their competitiveness are outlined. The necessity of implementing a number of measures to create new high-tech workplaces and modernize the existing ones with the aim of bringing their level to the competitive one is justified. The results of analyzing individual indicators of competitiveness of workplaces in the economy of Ukraine for 2006-2015 are presented. It is proved that under conditions of the entry of Ukraine into the European space, the dominant factor in increasing the competitiveness of workplaces is the modernization of the existing ones and bringing them to the level of high-tech and high-performance ones. It is noted that the theoretical and methodological basis for assessing the level of competitiveness of workplaces and determining the directions for its improvement is formed by the concept of decent work and the indicators of decent work deficit that are singled out on its basis.

47-54

Authors: Zakhozhay K. V.

The aim of the article is considering the theoretical and methodological instruments of the State Budget of Ukraine and in view of this providing a more extended characteristic of the principles of the budget system, taking into account the role of the country’s main financial plan at five classical levels of economy. As a result of the research, there determined the necessity of supplementing the legislatively approved principles of the State Budget of Ukraine with the newly introduced principles of economic security and social protection of the population. In order to improve the theoretical and methodological instruments of the State Budget of Ukraine and the visibility of its impact on socio-economic processes under current conditions of the society development as well as to determine its role in the socio-economic space, it is suggested to consider the role of the main financial plan for mega-, macro-, meso-, micro- and nano-levels. Further practical application of the introduced principles of forming the State Budget of Ukraine on the basis of the process and system approach will enable development of many sectors of the national economy; increase the flow of investment; promote political stability; reduce the inflation, unemployment; increase production and exports; reduce the budget deficit and public debt; affect the increase in the financial potential and gold reserves of the state.

65-71

Authors: Revyakin G. V., Dovgal O. A.

The aim of the article is to study the structure and dynamics of Ukraine’s foreign trade under the influence of cyclicality of the global economic system development. There analyzed reasons for the predominance of primary sector goods in the structure of Ukraine’s production, which causes a relatively high seasonal volatility of the economic growth rates. The raw material orientation of Ukraine’s exports explains the instability of the Ukrainian economy regarding the fluctuations of the world market conjuncture. Ukraine’s critical dependence on the cyclical fluctuations of the global economic system manifested itself in 2009, when the adverse conjuncture of the world prices for metals and commodities led to a sharp decline in the production volumes in the national economy. It is concluded that the possible ways of solving the above problems in the national economy of Ukraine is the modernization and restructuring of industrial production, increase in the production volumes of goods for domestic consumption, technological and organizational renewal of the fixed assets of manufacturing enterprises, as well as reorientation of the Ukrainian industry to producing goods with a higher degree of processing along with increasing the share of high-tech products in the total exports.

79-86

Authors: Sybirtsev V. V.

The aim of the study is to substantiate and develop conceptual provisions for conducting the institutional reform of the national labor market. There singled out aspects of implementing the operation and development of the labor market in the context of manifestation of the internal complexity and multi-functionality inherent to it. The existence of regularities in the increase of the need for development of the institutional structure of the labor market under conditions of transforming and restructuring the system of socio-economic relations is proved. The presence of a multiplicative effect from the spread of the new institutional practices being introduced in the labor market on the institutional regulation of a wide range of economic operations, phenomena and processes is revealed. There defined the content of the process of developing the institutional space of the national labor market, which involves institutionalizing the processes of socialization of the socio-economic relations associated with productive employment, in the context of which there occurs an increase in the importance and role of human resources in the creation of economic goods, expanded social reproduction.

95-102

Authors: Skrypnyk A. V., Holiachuk O. S.

In the pre-nuclear era the contribution of the hydropower industry to the energy balance of the former USSR was considered undeniable. At the same time, accompanying negative effects (flooding of large areas, destruction of populated areas, violation of historical monuments, destruction of fish resources, growth of risks of man-made disasters) were not taken into account when creating reservoirs on flat terrain. Over time, as the main equipment (turbines, power generators) and the associated infrastructure (locks and their equipment) depreciates, the generation of hydroelectric power decreases both in absolute and relative terms, and the reservoir dams become an insurmountable barrier to river navigation. The main problems of hydropower engineering in terms of economic, ecological and technogenic risks are considered. For comparison, the forecast volumes of electric power production using renewable sources and hydropower are presented. The losses from the operation of the cascade of the Dnieper reservoirs are estimated.

111-122

Authors: Khaustova V. Y., Kryachko Y. M., Kolodyazhna T. V.

The article is dedicated to the generalization of theoretical aspects of economic concentration and assessment of concentration in Ukraine’s economy. It is proved that in the world there is a stable trend towards the spread of concentration processes both at the level of economies in general and individual industries and business entities, and it occurs predominantly within TNCs. The main stages of the development of TNCs are considered, and it is shown that modern TNCs are large corporations that are the main players in the market. The genesis of the theory of concentration in economy is considered. The views of scientists on the interpretation of the concept “concentration” are studied. It is proved that it is used in different meanings and with respect to different levels of economy and objects of consideration, and there is a wide diversity of basic criteria that determine the essential signs of this concept. The interpretation of the concept “concentration of the country’s economy” is proposed. The existing approaches to assessment of concentration in economy are analyzed. The trends in the development of concentration processes in Ukraine’s economy and the factors that are determined by them are analyzed. There investigated the distribution of industries of Ukraine’s economy in terms of net income of the largest corporations, dynamics of net income of the largest corporations, dynamics of distribution of industries of Ukraine’s economy in terms of profits of large companies, dynamics of net profit of the largest corporations of the top 10 industries of Ukraine’s economy, dynamics of the GDP of Ukraine and main indicators of the largest national corporations. The concentration of Ukraine’s economy is assessed, and it is determined that the most highly concentrated spheres are production of electronics and computers, the automotive industry, media, production of personal goods and software, provision of business services, conglomerates; also among highly concentrated industries there are production of alcoholic beverages and tobacco, mechanical engineering, the chemical industry, medicine and biotechnology, the oil and gas industry.

130-138

Authors: Yatsun L. M., Karpenko O. V., Karpenko V. D.

The materials of the study of management processes in the food service industry based on the criteria of composition of tasks of establishments’ activities, their participation in the integration process of production, sale and organization of food consumption and catering services are outlined. A model of nature-aligned development of the food service industry as a natural and socio-economic system is proposed. Priority directions of the national nutrition policy are determined on the basis of integration of participants in the process of organizing catering. There justified methodological approaches to the formation of a management model for development of enterprises in the food services industry by stages of preparing and making decisions on integration of business entities, including enterprises of the agrarian sector, food industry, trade, restaurant business and households.

145-151

Authors: Dmytryshyn L. I., Bushynska V. V.

The article is dedicated to studying regional aspects of knowledge economy assessment. The aim of the article is to form a ranking of Ukraine’s region in terms of the level of development of the knowledge-based economy using the taxonomy method and determine the spatial links between the territorial units in the local and global contexts. According to the aim set in the article, a comparative analysis of the knowledge economy index in Ukraine, European countries, and Central Asia is conducted; the indicator of the taxonomic development of the knowledge economy in regions of Ukraine is determined; the regions are grouped according to the value of the knowledge economy index and the knowledge index in the period 2012-2015, and their dynamics is analyzed; a ranking of Ukraine’s regions in terms of the development level of the knowledge economy is formed.

157-163

Authors: Budko O. V.

The aim of the article is to study the conceptual basis for integrated reporting in terms of its drafting principles, taking into account the need to satisfy the information requests of interested parties regarding the company’s value in the long run and the level of implementation of its sustainable development strategy. As a result of the study, the goals of integrated reporting are defined, with consideration for the sustainable development strategy chosen by the company, which can be achieved by accomplishing tasks, among which a special role is played by the support of integrated thinking at making decisions about creating value in the short, medium and long term. It is indicated that the basis for preparing integrated reports is the use of clearly defined principles, both in respect to their list and content. The composition of the principles specified in the International Integrated Reporting Framework (IIRF) is analyzed, and it is found that some of them require clarifying (strategic focus and future orientation), or defining as part of quality characteristics or requirements (reliability, comparability, interaction with stakeholders). The list of leading (basic) principles is supplemented with additional principles (synergism, neutrality, efficiency, validity, logicality), the observance of which will ensure an increase in the value and content of integrated reporting. A prospect for further research is analysis of the defined by ISIR integrated reporting structure that requires improvement in part of the list of sections and their content, and will take into account the need to provide information in the interdependence of factors of economic, environmental and social influence and financial indicators in making decisions by stakeholders.

170-174

Authors: Dudko P. M.

The aim of the article is to study modern trends in the development of business technologies and their integration into entrepreneurship. Business technologies are a combination of methods, techniques, innovations, technical and mental solutions that promote development of business, expand its capabilities and create new prospects for it. The main business technologies that are widely used in entrepreneurship and have gained worldwide recognition include franchising, leasing, outsourcing, cashback, clustering. Due to the rapid development of information technologies and the Internet, such business technologies as e-commerce, IT outsourcing, offshore programming, crowdsourcing and the CRM strategy have emerged. At the same time, business technologies develop independently and without using modern technical innovations, an example of which is co-marketing. Summarizing, it can be noted that business technologies are not only the existing methods of business development but also a constant and dynamic search for new solutions in entrepreneurship. The development and improvement of the existing business technologies, as well as the emergence of new ones, directly depends on the technological progress and development of mankind.

182-190

Authors: Kozyr-Chepurna M. A., Berdnyk I. V.

The aim of the article is to practically approve the authors’ multi-level hierarchical approach to the strategic planning of industrial enterprise restructuring using the example of solving the problem of disaggregating the strategic plan for restructuring a machine-building enterprise of the electrical industry providing for organization of production of railroad freight cars at the enterprise. Besides, there demonstrated the effectiveness of the mechanisms of coordinating the plans for adjacent hierarchical and time periods included in the corresponding mathematical support. In the course of the practical approval, different variants of formulating the problem of decomposing the strategic plan into plans of lower hierarchical levels differing in terms of coordination of the plans of adjacent hierarchical levels and adjacent planning periods are considered, and the solutions of corresponding optimal planning problems are analyzed. It is shown that the developed methodological approach, which is based on the methods of statistical optimization, demonstrates quite satisfactory performance characteristics in solving the problem of coordinating the plans of adjacent time periods in the mode of sliding planning in the process of decomposition of the strategic plan into lower-level plans.

202-207

Authors: Prunenko D. O.

Under conditions of transformational processes, the role of intellectual capital, which determines the development processes at construction enterprises, increases. At domestic enterprises there observed a low level of intellectual capital, which negatively affects their functioning. Moreover, the presented processes are exacerbated at construction enterprises, which are among the companies that determine the development of the state. The aim of the article is to systematize the theoretical and methodological approaches to identifying elements of intellectual capital of construction enterprises. As a result of the research, the structural elements of intellectual capital of construction enterprises are identified: human capital; intellectual property; organizational and branded equity; market assets; investment and innovation, and social capital; stakeholder relationships; information support.

220-226

Authors: Skrynkovskyy R. M.

The modern practice of doing business proves that a successful entrance of any enterprise to external (international) markets depends on the level of its readiness for carrying out foreign economic activity. Under such circumstances, the process of targeted analysis and assessment of factors influencing the export activity of the enterprise is relevant, expedient and important. The aim of the article is the formation and development of theoretical and methodological bases for diagnosing factors influencing the export activity of an enterprise on the basis of theory and practice in the field of management and administration. It is found that the diagnostics should be understood as the process of identification, analysis and evaluation of influence (functional, dysfunctional) of the factors (circumstances, conditions, etc.) on the export activity of an enterprise in order to identify and solve problems (current, possible ones) in the sphere of supply and implementation of specific actions (steps) related to its entrance to external (international) markets. It is determined that the key business indicators of the system for diagnosing the factors influencing the export activity of an enterprise are indicators reflecting the influence of the main factors on its export activity: level of fulfillment of obligations in terms of cost; level of conclusion of “expensive contracts”; share of renewed business contracts in the total number of contracts; level of satisfaction of claims; level of delivery variability. The prospect for further research in this scientific direction is developing a system of partial diagnostic goals of the integrated system of goals for conducting economic diagnostics of enterprises taking into account the diagnostics of factors influencing the export activity of an enterprise as a partial diagnostic goal.

233-241

Authors: Shpak S. O.

The aim of the article is a critical analysis of definitions of the development process in economics in general and enterprise economics in particular, identification of typical mistakes in formulating these definitions, clarification of the economic content of this concept and formation of its methodologically correct definition. On the basis of the main formal logical and methodological requirements of the logic and methodology of scientific research to defining concepts, the results of the critical analysis of the widespread in scientific literature definitions of the concept of development of economic systems and enterprises are laid out. The results obtained testify to the lack of unity of views among scientists on the concept of development, which is fundamental in the theory of strategic management of enterprises; the existence of numerous typical logical and methodological mistakes in formulating the definition of this concept, which exclude the possibility of effective, constructive use of the concept of enterprise development as an instrument of scientific knowledge. The appropriateness of interpreting enterprise development as the process of purposeful qualitative changes in its condition, which provides an increase in the level of viability (competitiveness) of the enterprise, is justified. Furthermore, there identified scientific issues that arise from the proposed interpretation of the development process and require additional study, including the issue of the expediency of introducing the very notion of enterprise development in the conceptual-categorical apparatus of the theory of enterprise management.

248-253

Authors: Hladkykh D. M.

The aim of the article is to study the factors of negative dynamics of corporate crediting in Ukraine and justify proposals for further actions of the state in the direction of activating corporate crediting. The actions of the state in the field of activation of corporate crediting in Ukraine should include the steps mentioned below. As part of the overall rehabilitation and recovery of the economy – actions aimed at de-shadowization of the economy; restoration of foreign exchange earnings from exports; stimulation of timely return of the currency of exporters to the country. Within the framework of resolution of the bank’s non-performing corporate credit portfolio – establishment of a state company for the management of either distressed assets or a single remedial bank that is to accumulate non-performing credits. Within the framework of rehabilitation and post-crisis recovery of the banking system — completion of the procedure for removing problem banks from the market; bringing the capital adequacy ratio of the banking system in line with the requirements of Basel III; creation of a mechanism for structural refinancing, introduction of new instruments to stimulate bank crediting of enterprises in the real economy, etc. Within the framework of minimizing the current high level of inflation, which hinders the activation of corporate crediting – gradual decrease in the discount rate; ensuring a positive level of NBU interest rates relative to the forecasted core inflation; further accumulation of international reserves, etc. Within the framework of minimizing the budget deficit and limiting the issue of government bonds and deposit certificates of the NBU as instruments that divert banks’ credit resources from corporate lending – reducing the state budget deficit; decrease in banks' demand for government securities by reducing their profitability.

262-268

Authors: Omelchenko L. S., Laktionova O. E., Desyatsky S. P.

The increase of efficiency and productivity, reduction of costs on the process of financial management of business entities using financial services outsourcing, services of financial outsourcing as segments of the international market of intellectual services, is a relevant research topic for the development of Ukraine’s economy. To determine the trends, advantages and disadvantages of this financial tool in the global and regional markets — America, EMEA, Asia (2006-2015) — mathematical methods were applied. There obtained equations of the most suitable trend lines of the considered values, which showed that the advantage in terms of costs of outsourcing contracts belongs to the segment of financial services outsourcing. Despite the existing potential, companies-outsourcers in Ukraine are not represented in this market for intellectual services either as customers or as executors of financial services. It is necessary to develop methodological and methodic recommendations for increasing the activity of Ukrainian outsourcing companies in the international market for financial services outsourcing.

276-282

Authors: Tsymbaliuk S. O.

The aim of the work is to identify the main trends and shortcomings of the remuneration policy in the budgetary sphere of Ukraine and develop proposals for its improvement. There determined the main problems of the remuneration policy in the budgetary sphere, including the low level and unsatisfactory wage differentiation, intersectoral imbalances in remuneration, rigid framework of a unified tariff net, lack of an objective methodology for assessing the complexity of duties and work of employees, and forming qualification groups for labor remuneration. It was determined that the reform of the minimum wage institution led to an increase in the leveling of the remuneration of employees of various categories and professional groups, which practically led to the destruction of the tariff remuneration system in the budgetary sphere. The necessity of reforming the policy of employee remuneration in the budgetary sphere is substantiated. There formulated directions for improving the tariff labor remuneration: construction of a unified tariff net based on flexible principles, formation of qualification groups for labor remuneration to develop a unified remuneration scale, development of a methodology for evaluating positions and jobs, and ensuring an objective pay gap between two related qualifying groups. With the aim of renewing the ratios for various categories and professional groups, it is important to reduce the gap between the subsistence minimum and the minimum wage. Prospects for further research should be the development of a methodology for evaluating positions and job for an objective comparison of the complexity of tasks and responsibilities of budgetary sector employees, substantiating qualification ratios in wages, forming indicators to determine the basic wages of employees within the developed ranges.