Business Inform

6-13

Authors: Sakalo O. Y., Stepanenko S. V.

The publication explores the problem of happiness as a common, universal indicator of socio-economic development. The factors influencing the subjective, individual estimation of happiness are defined. The relationship between the level of happiness and the pace of economic growth is characterized. A relatively new direction of economic theory – the economics of happiness – is considered; the object and subject matter of its research are determined; the main issues that fall into account of the scholars working within terms of this direction are listed. A number of experimental studies on happiness were considered, which used primarily psychological methodology and relied on the results of mass opinion polls in different regions of the world. The global happiness index (The Happy Planet Index) and the World Happiness Report are paid the major attention. The methodology for carrying out these studies is described. The leaders of these ratings are identified according to the data for 2019 and 2020. Ukraine’s place in these ratings is determined. The need to clarify the links between the objective indicator of economic well-being (GDP per capita) and subjective estimates by the population is substantiated. The essence, purpose, main tasks and directions of the State policy on the formation of happiness are considered. The main components and priorities of the State policy in this context are characterized. It is concluded that the main goal of the State policy focused on achieving happiness is to create conditions under which timely, complete and qualitative satisfaction of various needs of both the lower and the higher levels is possible for the population, i.e. ensuring material and spiritual satisfaction with life. It is specified that traditional objective indicators of economic well-being retain their importance when assessing the level of socio-economic development of a certain country, however, they are not sufficient to have the problem fully studied, and it is necessary to take into account subjective assessments of the population. These subjective indicators are necessary because they allow a better choice of the right directions of economic and social policy.

19-25

Authors: Volchkova H. K.

The article examines the peculiarities of the emergence and formation of the concept of social capital. The article is aimed at a theoretical substantiation of the process of formation of social capital and formulation of the definition of the category of «social capital» from the position of multiaspectivity of its study. The formation of social capital is considered as a process of creating and capitalizing social ties. It is proved that the process of formation of social capital is characterized by the presence of not only direct, but also inverse interactions between the subjects in the exchange of resources. The mutual influence of factors that change due to the use of social capital is substantiated, and conclusions about the process of formation of social capital are drawn as follows: social interactions should be considered as a mutually inverse process of linear nature; the content of social capital is determined not by «input» factors, but the structural characteristics of the mechanism of influence on social capital; each time when studying the impact of certain factors on social capital, the consequences are much wider; dynamics (pace, speed) of changes in the amount of social capital multiplicatively influences socio-economic processes; there is a possibility of transition of positive dynamics of the growth of social capital into the negative dynamics and vice versa; the presence of synergistic effect due to the influence of factors of both direct and inverse influence on the formation of social capital. The formation of social capital is a dynamic and multifactorial process of accumulation of social ties on the basis of trust, characterized by systemic relationships of both direct and inverse influence, the defined interdependences of structural components of social capital, which are influenced by cultural, historical, economic, political, socio-psychological, mental, and information factors.

32-38

Authors: Teshеva L. V.

The article is devoted to the study of existing approaches to defining the content and essence of the concept of "development". The content of development is considered as the acquisition of a new qualitative state of the system through the use of its own potential, as the transition of the system to a new attractor from the bifurcation point, as a reaction to the influence of the external environment. It is proved that development is characterized by quantitative, qualitative and structural changes, as well as the emergence of new connections both within the system and with the external environment. The existence of impulses of the external and internal environment is substantiated, which provoke the need for changes, as a result of which development takes place. A semantic network of the researched concept is constructed using the TextAnalyst software. It is determined that the key components of this concept are "process" and "direction", but the priority is clearly the concept of "process". As a result of further in-depth analysis of the structure of the "process" it was proved that it is economic, manifested by qualitative characteristics, involving the process of natural change and transition from one qualitative state to another, quantitative changes in the system, emergence of an aggregate of changes, accompanied by a change in quality and appropriate transformations. The key properties of development are defined as the following: direction in time, reversibility of the process, uniqueness, emergence of a new quality during development, directedness, subordination to a particular law (especially the laws of dialectics), increasing the complexity of the system, the presence of causal links between phenomena and processes, which determine the nature of the acquisition of a new quality while maintaining its own authenticity, the presence of a vector of motion that arises as a result of the impulse, and causes change. It has been proved that revolutionary and evolutionary changes should be considered as integral components of the development process, the alternation of which ensures constant progress and the existence of regressive and progressive directions of development. But the return of the system to its previous state as a result of the refusal to acquire a new level of complexity of the regression input is more consistent with the trajectory of the spiral.

47-52

Authors: Dubiei Y. V.

The article is concerned with the main trends of technical and technological development, which are characteristic of the world economy in the 21st century. The facts of economic history relating to technical and technological development demonstrate the periodic change in technological leadership of certain countries of the world. The system of indicators is singled out, on the basis of which the country’s place in the global technological space is diagnosed, as well as the forecasting of further trends in its development on the path of scientific and technological progress is carried out. Based on the world rankings on the total domestic costs of science, their share in the gross domestic product of the country, the cost of R&D per researcher (equivalent to full employment) shows the provisions of individual countries as to financial support of technical and technological development. The research potential is described on the basis of such indicator as the total number of researchers in a particular country. It is demonstrated that these indicators, describing in its totality the level of provision of a particular country with financial and labor resources, through which new knowledge is created, do not always indicate its success. With the involvement of the indicators of research and patent activity (which reflect the number of published articles and submitted applications for patents), as well as the global index of innovations, plus the index of development of information and communication technologies (which characterize the result of technical and technological development achieved by the country), the directions of advancement of countries in terms of technology and technology are determined. It is identified that the provision of resources for the production of new knowledge is a necessary, but insufficient condition for obtaining technological primacy in the world. It is proposed to evaluate the positions achieved by the country on the path of technical and technological development through the formation of an internal indicator, which reflects both its provision of resources for the production of new knowledge and the degree of return on their use. It is proved that this approach to the evaluation of technical and technological development allows to obtain more thorough information about its sources and factors, as well as to identify weaknesses on which the country should focus to promote scientific and technological progress.

60-65

Authors: Maksymenko A. V.

At the present stage of development of the world economy, problems of capital migration in offshore zones began to manifest in relief, which adversely affects the state of the global financial system. These trends lead to the need to evaluate new directions of the anti-offshore regulation. It is proved that the transformation of the anti-offshore regulation by its nature, driving forces, vector orientation and mechanism of development at all stages of the world-economy progress clearly reflects the systemic transformations of global financial imbalances. It is found out that the evaluation of offshore jurisdictions comes out of the degree of transparency of their activities, as well as readiness to cooperate on the exchange of tax information within the framework of the OECD’s special concept of mutual assistance in tax affairs. The role of international organizations in regulating anti-offshore activities has been identified, and the prospects for their influence have been evaluated. It is determined that the anti-offshore regulation is implemented, on the one hand, through shifting of emphasis from combating the fiscal benefits of offshore zones to limit activities with the «black» (tax-free) zones, and on the other hand – through the mechanisms of international economic policy implemented on the institutional platform of international currency together with the credit and financial organizations. The author describe preventive measures on tax evasion, which consist in the development of an inclusive structure of the OECD and G20, which will allow interested countries and jurisdictions to cooperate in the development of standards on issues related to tax evasion, as well as with supervision and control over the implementation of the entire package of actions. It is determined that the mechanism of de-offshoring should be directed not only towards the elimination of territories with preferential taxation, but also towards benefits from their use on the basis of the existing financial infrastructure of the world’s leading offshore centers.

72-81

Authors: Onatsky M. Y.

The article considers the peculiarities of socio-economic transformation in Estonia in the post-Soviet period. The specifics of the transition to a market model of the economy in the country are highlighted. It is specified that the first steps towards market transformations were liberalization of both pricing policy and economic activity; introduction of a special regime of the credit and monetary policy – the currency council, which provided for the free exchange of national currency at a clearly fixed rate; reorganization of the mechanism of management of Estonia’s banking system. It was found out that the nature of market transformations that took place in the Republic of Estonia was largely determined by the country’s foreign policy course towards Euro-Atlantic integration. The author discloses peculiarities of the privatization process in Estonia, the main difference of which was its clear legislative regulation, which helped to avoid numerous financial pyramids and voucher auctions, as it was in other countries of the post-Soviet space. The specifics of socio-economic development of the Republic of Estonia after accession to the European Union and NATO are shown. Tax reform as an important component of creating a favorable investment and business climate in the country is analyzed. The process of modernization of the Estonian energy sector from the point of view of ensuring energy independence and improving the energy efficiency of the State economy has been studied. This was possible due to the implementation of the program of modernization of the energy sector, one of the components of which was the widespread introduction of energy-saving technologies, including the use of alternative energy sources. It has been proven that the implementation of market transformations in accordance with European requirements has accelerated the process of Estonia’s integration into the EU and NATO, as well as strengthened the country’s ties with its Western partners.

91-96

Authors: Kozak K. B.

The article is devoted to the study of national features of realization of the State potentials in influence on economic development of subjects of agro-industrial production. The analysis is based on the decomposition of the mechanism of influence by such elements as object, subject, goals, tools. The object is represented by agro-industrial production in the multi-complexity of its structure. The subjective component of the external influence on the enterprises of the agro-industrial production system is analyzed on the basis of a detailed identification of the spheres that are not amenable to direct control by the object. The result of the decomposition was the selection of the following levels of systemic impact on the business environment: mesoeconomic, macroeconomic, supranational. The macroeconomic level of regulation/management is subjectified to the levels of governance in the system of public administration bodies. Target determination is disclosed on the basis of program documents of various levels and areas of application. The instrumental content of the State activity is studied, which is represented by a set of tools of direct impact (legislative and regulatory framework, implementation of the State programs and investment projects, tariff restrictions, non-tariff restrictions) and indirect impact (monetary, financial, and social policy; financial assistance). The role of the tax mechanism in regulating the activity of the agro-industrial sector is determined. Expenditures of the State budget to support the agro-industrial complex in 2020 have been studied. The mechanism of public procurement and instruments of social policy are considered. Attention is paid to lobbying as an institutional phenomenon, which is an exception to the principle of the impossibility of direct influence by individual actors in the structure of agro-industrial production on decision-making by management entities at the macroeconomic level. The positive and negative features of lobbying are considered. At the same time, the dialectical essence of lobbying is revealed in the perspective of the relationship of goals - the synchronicity and mismatch of individual interests of the microeconomic level with the social needs of the macroeconomic level.

109-116

Authors: Rayevnyeva O. V., Malyshko Y. О., Brovko O. I., Chernyshov V. V.

The article is concerned with studying the factors of external and internal environment that ensure the competitiveness of higher education institution (HEI). It is proved that the competitiveness of HEI is expedient to consider as an innovation-active activity, which acts as a critical condition for the long-term and sustainable economic development of education in the modern global knowledge economy. The article is aimed at identifying the competitiveness factors of the HEI of Ukraine as the basis for the formation and further development of an innovation-active university in the current conditions of transformation of the national higher education system. The carried out systematic and morphological analysis allowed to group the factors by the degree of influence on the competitiveness of HEI (client-orientedness; source of financial resources; innovation and investment potential; strategic management; rationing of labor; internationalization; monitoring; informatization; quality of training of applicants) and to build a graph of the relationship between these factors. An hierarchy of the university’s competitiveness factors is proposed, which allows to combine goals and objectives directed towards forecasting, improving, solving, modeling, analyzing educational processes. This, in turn, will act as an instrument for comprehensive assessment of the level of competitiveness of an HEI. The carried out analysis and application of the problem-oriented approach allowed to define five levels at which the mutually conditioned hierarchical influence between factors was determined, which would be the basis for the formation of conceptual measures directed towards increasing the competitiveness of HEI.

128-133

Authors: Churikanova O. Y.

The article is concerned with the current principles of regional development management and formation of regional policy. The key aspects and mechanisms of regional governance such as public administration and regionalistics are examined. The directions of research in the sphere of regional development management are provided. The main stages and components that provide for the implementation of the State policy of regional development are considered. Based on both Ukrainian and European regional development strategies, the following key principles of regional development management and regional policy formation are allocated: regional development based on the principles of sustainability; regional development based on the principles of circular economy; regional development based on the principles of typologization of regions; regional development based on the principles of investment policy. Each of these principles is considered separately in terms of the importance of application in the formation of regional development policy. During the analysis, it was noted that the topical issues in the formation of regional development strategies on the basis of sustainability were and remain the issues of assessment of the achieved results, which are distilled down to the development of a single conception and determination of the relevant goals of the group of indicators on which this conception should be based. It also emphasized the need to develop certain measures for the implementation of circular business models, development of transition strategy and policy of both the State-controlled and regional support. It is specified that in order to effectively develop territories in the management of regional development and formation of regional policy, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of each region, and therefore to perform a preliminary typologization. When considering regional investments in the formation of a regional development strategy, it is emphasized that in the formation of an effective investment policy at the regional level, the application of the approach based on the typologization of regions both in terms of development in general and in terms of investment development in particular becomes an important aspect. The general conception of regional development management and regional policy formation has been formed. The author emphasizes the conformity of such a conception to modern conditions for the development of Ukrainian regions.

142-148

Authors: Kordzaia N. R.

The article examines the food provision, which is an important indicator of the quality of socio-economic development of a territory (region) in the daily consumption of food products by the population, strengthening the food security of the country. The conditions of administrative-territorial reform aimed at transferring powers from central authorities to local authorities have significantly changed the system of food provision of territories, which forms the level of integrity in terms of food security of the country. The changes have also affected the centralized food provision system through the transfer of novel principles from the State level to the regional level. A balanced and effective system of providing the population with food affects the quality of its life, economic security of the State, its regions, competitiveness of Ukrainian agrarian industry world-wide, including in the European markets. The measures developed in order to implement the targeted tasks of the Food Security Strategy of the Regions are planned for the period of 3-5 years. A structural-logical scheme of the organizational-economic mechanism for food provision of region is proposed as a set of economic, technological and organizational measures carried out by the State and other market actors at the level of both the country and the regions to meet the needs of the population with food products, regulating the sale of agricultural products, its processing, guarantees of improvement of quality and security of food products and their price availability. The author examines the main directions of implementation of the mechanism for food provision of region, which are the following: ensuring sustainable growth of production, availability of products for consumers; exchange of agricultural products; formation of a mechanism for regulatory influence on production, trade in agricultural products (national and regional levels); association of small farms within the regions; introduction of guaranteed minimum purchase prices (high profitability of production); improving the level of product quality, introduction of ecological norms to stimulate the production, producing and selling of environmentally friendly foods.

157-164

Authors: Obolentseva L. V.

The article is aimed at forming the tourist image of the city as a strategic direction of development of territory marketing. The article proves that a strong and positive image of the city is considered to be the effective and efficient mechanism allowing to fight for limited resources, competitive advantages and high competitiveness, representing a holistic set of characteristics, combining unique and original features of the city, as well as figurative ideas or perceptions that makes it possible for consumers, tourists, investors to distinguish and identify the city from among many other. The structure of the city’s potential, i. e., its economic, political, social and environmental components, on which the image of the territory is based, is provided. In the research, the existing instruments for creating and promoting a territorial image that can be used in both external and internal communications are proposed to be classified according to the four-component image structure, which includes conceptual, active, personal and attributive components. Studying the currently established image of the city and getting an idea of what position it occupies in the minds of target groups is an exceptionally important stage in the planning of urban marketing. Studying the image of the city is anything but easy task. That is why the article suggests to use an aggregate of different approaches, methods and specific tools in order to study the entire complex and multi-aspect nature of the image of the city of Kharkiv. An evaluation of such kind is needed in order to develop an algorithm for strategic management of the image of the territory. Whereas a positive and properly constructed relevant image can act as one of the instruments for attracting investments aimed at developing the territory and achieving the goals of the city development.

173-177

Authors: Molnar G. T.

The article analyzes the status of investment activity of personal peasant farms (PPFs). Investment is one of the most important factors in the development of the economy. Especially of great importance are investments aimed at the development of agricultural production, because on its development depend the development of all other sectors of the economy, accelerating the processes of reproduction and increasing its efficiency. It is proved that the investment activity of the PPFs is unsatisfactory, investment processes are insignificant, and the sources of allocation of resources are irrational. The sources of investment provision of personal peasant farms have been identified. It is concluded that internal sources of financing of PPFs, which consist of: income from economic activity, related types of activities, provision of services, lease of land plots, pensions, wages, scholarships of members of the PPFs, funds from the sale of property, rent for land plots, interests on deposit investments, insurance payments from reimbursement of losses, previously accumulated savings, etc., are not sufficient. Therefore, we need to look for opportunities to provide resources for external sources of funding. The key role here should be played by the State. It is necessary to develop an effective mechanism for attracting and implementing investment support from the part of the State, as well as external and internal investments, along with joint projects.

183-188

Authors: Pavlov A. I., Didukh S. M., Barvinenko V. D.

Launched in 2015, the reform of decentralization of power and governance has led to the formation of amalgamated territorial hromadas (ATHs) and establishing the new districts as relevant parts of the administrative-territorial structure of the country. Further success in the development of these socio-spatial formations of the agglomeration type will depend on their economic capacity and self-sufficiency. The solution of this important social task is largely derived from the efficiency of economic entities and their social responsibility to expand the productive employment of the economically active population, access of all its strata to the created public goods. Large agri-food holding companies should play a key role in this process. In view of this, the purpose of research is defined, which is to substantiate the fundamental role of the institutional environment in the inclusive development of agricultural holdings. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the following tasks are formulated: to determine the essence of the concept of institutional environment as a system and analyze its current state; to reveal the content of an integrated approach to the formation of an environment for inclusive development of agricultural holdings; identify the potential for inclusive development of agricultural holdings. To achieve the goal and objectives of the study, the authors used interdisciplinary methodology, namely – systemic, synergistic, institutional, political, economic, social approaches, methods of synthesis and analysis, deduction and induction, SWOT-analysis, comparison, analogies, statistical and sociological researches. The information base of the study consisted of scientific achievements of domestic and foreign scientists, data from the State statistics, materials from the Internet, the authors’ own observations. The scientific novelty of the study is to substantiate the concept of "institutional environment system" as a platform for inclusive development of agricultural holdings. The scientific provisions, conclusions and recommendations arising from the study can be used by businesses, ATHs, districts in the formation of welfare inclusion.

195-201

Authors: Kovtunenko Y. V., Olshevska D. O., Alieksieienko A. A., Savkov Y. O.

The article is aimed at defining and researching the features of the use of innovative technologies in the hotel and restaurant business. When analyzing the scientific works of certain scholars, priority innovative technologies and innovative trends were identified, as well as their use under modern conditions was considered. The relevance of the selected topic is determined by the fact that today almost every enterprise in the sphere of hotel and restaurant business needs to introduce certain innovative technologies, which is justified by sufficient demand of consumers for services of these types of business. The article provides comparative statistics on the volume of services that have been marketed in the hotel and restaurant business, which clearly indicates the need to use rationally selected innovative technologies. Also, as result of the analysis and research, specific modern innovations are identified and the need to use them is proven. The directions of their application and direct impact on the development of the hotel and restaurant business are determined. The characteristics of the innovative technologies as such are provided, as well as their rational use in specific cases is pondered. The application of certain innovative technologies, which have gained greater popularity and greater volume of involvement during the famous quarantine period, is analyzed. The essence of many innovative technologies both in the information space and in practical application in the hotel and restaurant business is researched. The preconditions for attracting innovations are improvement of working conditions, automation and robotization of many routine processes in the hotel and restaurant business. The tendency of attracting innovative technologies directly affects further, better development, profit maximization, as well as a rational reduction in costs in the hotel and restaurant business. Prospect for further scientific developments is to research the identified problems concerning the hotel and restaurant business, as well as the analysis and implementation of such innovative technologies that would help simplify the identified problems or even eliminate them thoroughly.

209-216

Authors: Kharchenko O. V.

The article undertakes a comprehensive study of problems of spatial differentiation of tourist attractiveness in terms of Ukrainian regions. The main components of differentiation are defined and it is identified that the assessment of tourist attractiveness of certain regions in terms of spatial differentiation is the basis for the formation of an efficient and profitable tourism business, it determines the peculiarities and structure of the regional tourist product, new tourist routes, formation of priority directions, etc. In the course of an analysis of literary sources of famous scientists-economists, the author’s definition of the category of «spatial differentiation» in the sphere of tourism was elaborated. The article sums up the main factors that characterize the tourist attractiveness of the regions of Ukraine, through which it is possible to assess the tourist attractiveness of the respective regions to identify the most promising directions of development of the tourism sphere and overcome spatial differentiation, which will allow developing an effective strategy for sustainable development of tourism in the regions in the future. The author’s definition of «tourist attractiveness of region« is proposed, which takes into account all theoretical-methodological and practical researches of the problem. Methods for solving problems of multidimensional assessment are defined and it is substantiated that the method of taxonomic analysis distinguishes the simplicity of the mathematical apparatus, the absence of any requirements for the set of the objects studied, a more convenient scale of the received estimates, making it easier to analyze and rank objects. The scheme of taxonomic analysis using factor analysis is proposed, the main purpose of which is to reduce the number of indicators and determine the structure of the relationships between them. The matrix of standardized indicator values was developed and it was concluded that the use of the economic-mathematical model, which is based on taxonomic analysis, allows forming reasonable sets of indicators and getting ratings of regions of Ukraine by the level of the economic component of tourist attractiveness. Practical application of this method is shown in the definition of progressive and depressed regions of Ukraine in the sphere of provision of tourist services.

225-230

Authors: Mykhailenko D. H., Hrypich O. V.

An important function of the socially oriented State is the formation of its social security. The implementation of a number of measures that guarantee the protection of interests in the social sphere of both an individual citizen and the country as a whole is a task of social security. The purpose of the article is to develop a conceptual approach to the formation of a new quality of life as part of social security. The provisions of the conceptual approach to the formation of social standards of a new quality of life as part of social security in Ukraine are formulated. One of the steps towards the systematic transformation of social policy is the development of a conceptual scheme for the formation of social standards of a new quality of life in Ukraine, which closer defines and details its components: principles, techniques, directions of use, sources of funding, forms of financing, system of provision. It is noted that the basis for the construction of a conceptual scheme for the formation of social standards of a new quality of life in Ukraine is the use of two groups of techniques: the first group directly reflects the provision of citizens: determining the norms and standards of quality of life of the population, determining the normative standard of living, determining the budget limits; the second – indirectly, through the tariff policy in the sphere of social insurance and benefits influences the welfare of citizens. It is also emphasized that in the formation of social policy in terms of determining the social standards of a new quality of life it is necessary to combine and gradually move from the administrative-subsidized to the insurance system of provision. Formation of social standards of new quality of life of the population of Ukraine in the context of social security requires the State to form a balanced socio-economic policy, which aims to implement structural changes in the economy in the context of the implementation of social priorities of society, to form a socially fair and effective system of distribution of created amenities, to ensure social orientation of expenditures of the State Budget of Ukraine.

238-244

Authors: Bondarevska K. V.

The article defines the directions of development and implementation of the strategy for ensuring social security in the labor market of Ukraine, taking into account the current state of the sphere of labor and employment. In particular, the main structural elements of the strategy are defined, including its purpose and objectives; subjects, object and subject matter; fundamental principles of strategy; characteristics and assessment of both external and internal threats to social security in the labor market (in particular, by means of SWOT analysis); criteria and indicators of social security in the labor market; priority directions, measures and mechanisms for ensuring social security in the labor market, taking into account its multilevelness. The author’s own vision of the concept of a multilevel strategy for ensuring social security in the labor market of Ukraine is substantiated and the priority directions of its implementation at the State level are characterized. Among the strategic priorities are defined the directions and measures of public policy that will contribute to the neutralization of major threats and negative phenomena at the national level. In particular, measures have been characterized that will contribute to the achievement of key goals for ensuring social security in the labor market: balance of its development; deshadowing of employment; reducing unemployment, primarily among the least competitive categories of the workforce – young people and older people; increase in the level of remuneration and labor incomes of the population. As result of the implementation of the proposed measures, it is expected to improve the state of social security in the labor market, which will have an expression in the growth of the level of balance of the labor market; reducing the scale of the manifestation of major threats to its development, including informal employment, the spread of unemployment, low level of real wages; as well as in ensuring the increase in income and welfare of the population of Ukraine.

252-258

Authors: Kuzoma V. V., Pavliuk S. I.

The article considers topical issues regarding the impact of products (goods) quality on the formation of a sufficient level of competitiveness of enterprise. Views on the conceptual and categorical apparatus related to "competitiveness", "product competitiveness" and "quality" are generalized, including foreign experience. The purpose of this article is consideration and analysis of the impact of product quality on the formation of the competitiveness of enterprise and the achievement of its appropriate level in modern market economy. The essence of the concept of "product quality" from the point of view of the manufacturer is highlighted. The interdependence between product quality and ensuring the appropriate level of enterprise competitiveness is shown. The main advantages of improving product quality as a factor of competitiveness of products and the enterprise as a whole are given. The main attention is paid to quality as a factor in the formation of consumer confidence, technology "word of mouth", the importance of aesthetic indicators of products (goods). It is determined that the high quality of products (goods) provides greater return on investment and insufficient level of quality at the initial stage is a positive factor in the development of an enterprise. The main ways to improve product quality and product competitiveness are proposed. It is determined that the quality of products (goods) is influenced by a number of different factors, both internal and external (production technology, pricing policy, efficiency of product quality management system, the level of competition in the market, consumer requirements, etc.). Product competitiveness and enterprise competitiveness are correlated as part and whole. The main measures to improve the quality of products (goods), we see: the formation of consumer confidence and communication, the use of technology "word of mouth", the importance of aesthetic indicators in product or goods development, and development of competitive strategy based on marketing research of competitors, consumers, and the market as a whole.

265-270

Authors: Goloborodko A. Y., Plevako N. O.

This article is concerned with the actual problem of statistical forecasting of the development trends in the telecommunications sphere of the economy in the context of digitalization. During the globalization of digital transformation processes, forecasting the development of the telecommunications sphere is one of the effective ways for Ukraine to enter a ranked position in the international market. The article carries out a comprehensive study and allocates the main trends in the development of the telecommunications sphere of the Ukrainian economy according to the following indexes of the international rating: development of electronic government; openness of digital space; innovativeness of technologies and degree of development of human capital. According to the assessment of the state of the telecommunications sphere, the main problems are defined and the directions of digital transformations are allocated. The impact of development of the digital economy on the reformatting of many spheres of economic and social life is proved. For a complex and well-grounded scientific forecasting, methods on the basis of systematization of both the search and the scientific approaches were used. On the basis of extrapolation of data, the forecasting of the ranked place of Ukraine by three indexes is made, namely: EGDI – E-Government Development Index, ICT Development Index – IDI, Global Open Data Index – GODI. For the successful implementation of the Conception of development of the digital economy of Ukraine, increasing the level of development of telecommunications and digitalization, achieving effective management of the telecommunications sphere of the economy in general, the main indicators of forecasting the development of digitalization of the telecommunications industry for the strategic perspective are defined.

279-285

Authors: Hrabynska I. V., Pylypenko O. Y.

The article works out the essence of theoretical concepts of both the internal and the international effects named after I. Fisher. A review of professional publications gave reason to conclude that in the countries with higher levels of marketing of the economy, the strength of these effects is higher, which indicates a higher level of integration of their national financial markets into the global financial market. Based on the results of an econometric analysis, the authors have concluded about the relative weakness of the internal Fisher Effect and, consequently, on the need to use multifactor analysis in the study of the dynamics of the real interest rate in Ukraine. The empirical evaluation of the dependencies of monetary variables in the model describing the international Fisher Effect gave reason to conclude about the relative weakness of this effect, in particular for the currency pair of «dollar – hryvnia», and therefore, the differential of national interest rates is not sufficient basis for forecasting the dynamics of the foreign exchange rate. The article uses a number of statistical criteria and tests to examine the used econometric model, which gave grounds to conclude about its adequacy and statistical significance of variables. The authors elaborated the factors that have a restrictive impact on the international movement of capital and therefore can cause differences in the real interest rates, especially in emerging markets, namely: asymmetry of market information, psychological barriers, national legislative restrictions that quota the international capital flows, high transactional costs, peculiarities of the tax system, currency risks, political risks, etc. The thesis that the presence of weak Fisher Effects for the Ukrainian economy is one of the reasons for the low effectiveness of the interest channel of the transfer mechanism of monetary policy in Ukraine is substantiated.

293-301

Authors: Krasnonosova O. M., Kharchenko R. V.

The article is aimed at actualizing the definition of the essence and content of the concept of small business in view of further research of its functional capacity in the changing conditions of today. To achieve this aim, the essence and content of the concept of small business are defined, which is a system of relations arising from the interaction of small and medium-sized business entities with representatives and institutions of the market on an initiative basis of conduct of economic activity, which is accomplished at the expense of own or borrowed resources at their own risk and subject to social responsibility and sets the main goal of profit and the own business development. The definition of small business as a system of relations provides the advantages of a system approach as an instrument for researching the complex systems, where any of the systems is seen a set of interrelated elements that have «input» – purpose and «output» – result, as well as communication with the external environment, feedback and processes, that is, consistent changes in objects and phenomena occurring in a certain order. Determination of the role of small business in the national economy is carried out on the basis of its main properties, namely: rapid adaptation to the level of demand and purchasing power in local markets; ability to create unique products and fulfill one-time orders of consumers; organization of paid employment of a significant number of people against the background of a reduction in the production of large enterprises; development of local crafts, taking into account the mental specifics of consumers; facilitation of professional training of employees on the basis of acquiring practical skills. On the basis of the results of regression analysis, the existence of a close relationship between the condition of small business development and the condition of the country's economy is proved. The analysis was carried out according to official statistics of Ukraine for the period of six years (2013–2018). Based on the results obtained, it can be suggested that the creation of conditions for the development of small business on the part of the State will contribute to the strengthening of the State economic system.

310-318

Authors: Chudovets V. V., Ryabushko I. V.

The article is aimed at researching the impact of a properly organized accounting system in forestry enterprises in the termination of illegal felling of forests. The development trends together with the status of accounting support of forestry enterprises affecting the volume of illegal felling are analyzed. On the basis of the study of tax legislation and statistical data on the volume of felling by types and systems, as well as the amount of revenues from rent for special use of forest resources, the need to abolish the norms for reducing rent on selective felling, as well as felling on the formation and sanitation of forests is substantiated. The problem of the accounting-methodological nature, which contributes to illegal felling, – the non-display in the accounting and financial statements of biological assets of the forest is determined. This is a fundamental problem of accounting in the forestry industry, which does not allow to ensure proper control over the preservation and reproduction of forest resources, to form the real value of the forest, the self-cost of manufactured products and to reliably evaluate the work of the industry as a whole. The need for further implementation of electronic timber accounting and its maximum combination with the accounting system of forestry enterprises is substantiated. International experience in the use of modern technologies in the organization and accounting of forestry activities is studied. As a result, it is proposed to implement in Ukraine the following: inventory and value assessment of forests, including laser scanning; creation of digital maps of forests; formation and use of DNA databases of wood, etc. The carried out research concluded that there are legal, organizational, methodological and technical factors that relate to accounting and prevent illegal felling of forests.

326-331

Authors: Polishchuk O. T., Bernadska Y. O.

The article is aimed at researching the essence of costs for the quality of production, their importance and necessity, the reliability of reflection in the accounting system, which will ensure the efficiency of managerial decision-making and the introduction of a cost management system at the enterprise, including in terms of costs for the production quality. Approaches to the essence of quality costs are analyzed, researches of scientists on the need for such costs in the cost management system of enterprise and the production quality management system are substantiated. Approaches to the feasibility of classification of quality costs on the basis of requests from the managers of different levels of management are considered, as well as the formation of their nomenclature and catalogue in terms of costs for quality provision and for the correction of rejects. The need to introduce a system of accounting for the production quality as an informational component of making effective managerial decisions is substantiated. The researchers’ proposals for displaying quality costs in the accounting system are examined. A generalized algorithm of the process of organization of accounting for costs of production quality is proposed, which provides for: setting tasks for accounting costs for quality; determination of objects of accounting and classification of such costs, methods of assessing the costs of production quality, system of accounts; development of a complex of documentary support. The components of each stage of this algorithm are substantiated. It is determined that the efficiency of the quality costs management system depends on reliable accounting and analytical provision at all stages of the economic process of their occurrence, accumulation, distribution and write-off.

338-347

Authors: Achkasova S. A.

The article discusses the issues of developing a qualimetric model for assessing the internal compliance risks management system in the system of accumulative pension provision. The object of the research is the compliance risks management in the system of accumulative pension provision. One of the least developed issues is the lack of research on the assessment of the internal risk management system on the basis of a qualimetric approach. This hinders the practical aspects of introspection regarding the assessment of the quality of the internal compliance risk management system in the system of accumulative pension provision. Using the methods of analysis and synthesis, the general components for the development of a qualimetric model of quantitative assessment of the internal system of compliance risk management in the system of accumulative pension provision are defined. A qualimetric approach was used during the research. Thus, the article, using the factor-criterion modeling (qualimetric approach), develops a qualimetric model of quantitative evaluation of the internal system of compliance risk management in the system of accumulative pension provision. The proposed qualimetric model has a number of features, including organizational and informational, methodological and process components of compliance risk management in the system of accumulative pension provision. This provides such an advantage as the possibility of introspection and internal control of the formed internal system of compliance risk management in the system of accumulative pension provision. Also, the developed model allows the application of a qualimetric approach to solving the scientific task of assessing the internal system of compliance risk management in the system of accumulative pension provision, which will provide a multi-criteral approach to the management of these risks.

355-361

Authors: Viadrova I. M., Morozov O. V.

The article is aimed at theoretical deepening the understanding of the essence of savings of the population and their role in the formation of the resource base of banks, as well as analyzing the domestic banking practices on the use of this source in the formation of the banks’ resources. The article explores the essence of savings of the population and defines their role in the formation of the banks’ resources. Based on the consideration of the approaches to understanding the concept of «savings of the population», it is stated that their essence is manifested in four aspects: firstly, the savings of the population are a deferred part of their income; secondly, savings are part of the money supply; thirdly, savings can be conceived as the process of making decisions on asset accumulation; fourthly, savings are embodied in the accumulated assets of different nature. The authors’ own understanding of the concept of «savings of the population» is proposed. The main forms of savings of the population, which are represented by both the financial and the non-financial instruments, are generalized. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of analytical indicators of savings of the population and their role in the formation of the banks’ resources. It is determined that the savings of the population play an exceptionally important role in the formation of the resource base of banks. This is justified by the share of deposits of individuals in the resources of banks, which since 2015 has been steadily growing and at the end of 2019 amounted to 37%. The problematic aspect in the analysis of public savings is the lack of data on their size accumulated by the total. The assessment of the State-based programs of Ukraine showed that they do not focus on the importance and role of savings of the population as a source of investment resources for the development of the economy. The main tendencies and problems that prevent the maximum efficient use of savings of the population for the formation of banks’ resources are allocated.

369-377

Authors: Paliichuk T. V.

The article is aimed at disclosing the issue of financial support for the construction, reconstruction, repair and maintenance of motor roads in the context of implementation of budget decentralization and decentralization of road management. The article specifies the steps taken towards implementation of decentralization in the sphere of road infrastructure of Ukraine and the introduction of budget decentralization: distribution of functions and powers in the road sphere at the subregional level of management and the updated mechanism of financing the road industry. Both the dynamics of formation and distribution of the State Road Fund and the status of distribution of subvention on the streets and roads of settlements are analyzed. The vision of the main risks of financial support for the maintenance of streets and roads of communal property in settlements in 2021 is disclosed. The directions of improvement of the system of financial support for the construction, reconstruction, repair and maintenance of motor roads are proposed, including in particular: the need to deepen diversification of sources of formation of the State Road Fund; consolidation of the proper guaranteed part of the State Road Fund’s costs for the maintenance of streets and roads of communal property in settlements; balancing the expenditure load and financial support for the implementation of road projects; increasing the level of transparency of decision-making in the distribution of financial resources intended for the construction, reconstruction, major, ongoing repair of motor roads.

389-394

Authors: Martynyuk H. P.

The publication outlines theoretical aspects of the system of personal income taxation and determines that individuals and the tax agent are the paramount actors in certain synergistic relations of the institutional system elements. The state of formation of the revenue part of the Consolidated Budget of Ukraine was researched. Monitoring the formation of the revenue part of the consolidated budget is a set of methods for identifying and assessing the causes and signs that may lead to an increase in the tax culture of personal income tax payers and, at the same time, to increase the revenue part of the budget. The study of the structure of the tax determined that income in the form of wages and income tax, which is paid by the tax agent on income in the form of wages, dominate with great advantage and indicate the urgency of changing the policy of the State and in the minds of taxpayers oward their diversification. The fiscal pressure of income tax on taxpayers is analyzed. The tax burden should also take into account the cost of social benefits received, and therefore local self-government bodies should have information on the amount of taxes paid by one person or one employee and their dynamics in the future. A forecast of the tax burden on payment of tax to local budgets is carried out. It is proved that local self-government bodies should have not only a sufficiently predicted, but also an ever-growing amount of income tax, which requires urgent reform of the current taxation system. Ways to improve the system of personal income taxation are proposed. The author singles out the main stages of the strategy for reforming the personal income taxation system and the strategic goal: obtaining maximum revenues to the budget with an acceptable tax burden on the taxpayer. A set of factors of influence and differences between the taxation system of Ukraine and those established in other countries is formed.

401-410

Authors: Nikolaiev M. G., Meshko N. P.

The strategic development of most large enterprises, as well as successful productions of medium and small businesses is focused on expanding sell markets beyond the national economy. The logic of the research as formed by the authors is based on a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis, which provide an opportunity to identify trends in the implementation of export strategies, allocate clusters of markets on price grounds, and assess the consequences of the implementation of export strategies of Ukrainian companies. The competitive environment of global markets is changing in space and time. It is substantiated that the development of marketing export strategies of companies should be based on the analysis of industry markets taking into account the main competitors – both countries and companies. The method of calculating the country’s participation coefficients in the world market of imported goods on an industry basis is applied. The absolute and relative indicators are analyzed, which in combination give a holistic picture of the current state of implementation of Ukraine’s export potential, as well as the initial data for further actions towards improving the efficiency of the process of internationalization of business. The overall efficiency of the company’s development, in particular the quality of functioning of all systems involved in exports, depends largely on the quality of management, which determines the need to implement certain measures of the organizational and economic support in the sphere of staff, finance, production, and sales at the enterprise. The problems that substantially affect the competitiveness of Ukrainian exports are outlined. At the same time, a significant backlog of global trends in the exports of high-tech goods and services, leading to low profitability of export activity in general, is identified. The analysis of structural shifts in the export activity of Ukrainian enterprises is carried out, the types of price strategies in the practice of promotion to new markets are identified. The practice of conduct of export activity shows that companies use different export marketing strategies both in the developed and in the developing countries. The obtained results of the research should be used by representatives of Ukrainian business for analysis, elimination of shortcomings and disparities, as well as development of new business models of export activity. Recommendations for improving export strategies in the conditions of digitalization of markets are formed. Prospect for future research is to find possible ways to increase the technological efficiency of Ukrainian exports and, consequently, increase the competitiveness of the national economy.

417-422

Authors: Otenko V. I., Hamiie A. M.

The results of recent studies of the processes of domestic enterprises prove the need to focus on decision-making in conditions of high uncertainty, institutional restrictions and interests of interested groups influencing the adoption of the strategically important decisions. The authors propose to consider the strategic decision as a result of collective choice as to means and actions that meet the principles of corporate management and the interests of the main groups – participants of corporate relations to achieve strategic goals. From such positions, the types of strategic decisions are grouped according to the following signs: purposefulness and content of the issues to make up decisions; organizational model of decision-making; completeness of knowledge and ways of their application by decision-makers. The results of a comprehensive analysis of the state and prospects of enterprise development are presented in order to study the peculiarities of strategic decision-making at the enterprises of the machine-building industry according to their allocated signs. The technology of comprehensive analysis of the strategic decisions of enterprises consists of stages and an evaluation-analytical instrumentarium – indicators and criteria, methods of evaluation, analysis and interpretation of results. The built up system of indicators corresponds to the functional spheres of the enterprise according to the criteria of financial-economic stability, production efficiency, effectiveness of marketing activities and efficiency of use of staff. The defined criteria and indicators act as rational basis for the development, comparison and choice of alternatives to development, substantiation of strategic decisions of enterprise. As a result of the carried out cluster analysis according to the computed generalized performance indicators of 18 machine-building enterprises of Kharkiv region, clusters of enterprises, development strategies and identical strategic solutions for each cluster of enterprises are allocated as follows: technical and technological development (product renewal, expansion of sale markets and search for new ones, restructuring of production capacities) and ensuring the sustainability of the financial-economic condition (through consolidation and movement of capital, saving, costs reduction, search for additional sources of income, recovery of assets).

430-439

Authors: Tytykalo V. S.

The article discusses the essence and characteristics of process-oriented management of the economic potential of enterprise on the basis of the diagnostics and assessment of methods of economic potential. The research is aimed at developing a methodological approach to creating a conception of process-oriented management of the economic potential of enterprise and identifying the main factors and conditions that contribute to increasing the efficiency of managing the economic potential of enterprise. The results were obtained using the following methods: analysis and comparison, synthesis and theoretical generalization – for the formation of a theoretical and methodological approach to assessing the economic potential of enterprise; grouping, system analysis – to form conclusions from the carried out research; economic, system and comparative analysis – for the formation of theoretical hypotheses on the diagnosis of the economic potential of enterprise; graphic analysis – for visual display of the results of the research. The author has formed a methodological approach to the creation of the conception of process-oriented management of the economic potential of enterprise. The main methods of assessing the economic potential of enterprise are defined and the system of process-oriented management is formed, as well as the factors of environmental impact on enterprise are determined. Also, the model of process-oriented management of economic potential of enterprises has been developed, which will allow to identify approaches to its assessment and will provide an opportunity to analyze its structural elements in the system taking into account interrelations and interdependences as a whole. The elaborated methodological approach to process-oriented management of economic potential on the basis of the developed model will allow to demonstrate the complex and multifad meaning of the concept of «economic potential»; to demonstrate the need for its research in many directions and at different levels of the hierarchy; to build up a system of indicators of the economic potential of enterprises and analyze its structural elements, as well as to obtain econometric forecast models of scenarios for the development of the economic potential of enterprise.

446-454

Authors: Wang Dongcheng

The article is aimed at determining the level of maturity of the business process management system of an agro-industrial enterprise. The existing common approaches to assessing the maturity of the business process management system are identified, their defining features are determined. A definition of maturity of the business process management system of the enterprise is made. The features of the process and enterprise maturity model (PEMM) developed by M. Hammer are described in detail. Four levels of business processes that form the system according to the Hammer model are characterized. The aspects and directions of research of maturity of the business process management system of enterprise according to the PEMM model by M. Hammer are specified. The scale of assessment of the level of maturity of the business process management system of enterprise according to certain criteria is provided. The procedure for assessing the maturity level of the business process management system of the enterprise under research is described and a scale is provided that helps to determine the current level of maturity of the system from the very low to the very high (five such levels are defined in general). Descriptions of the levels of business processes according to the PEMM model are specified in terms of the aspects of Projecting, Contractors, Process Owner, Infrastructure and Indicators. For each aspect, an assessment of the business process management system of the enterprise under research was carried out. The results are presented both by a separate direction and by each aspect of the assessment of the maturity of the business process management system of enterprise. For each aspect of the assessment of the system maturity, the characteristic features are determined, the main disadvantages and achievements are indicated. On the basis of the determined estimates of the business process management system of the enterprise under research, an assessment of the maturity of the business process management system of this enterprise in view of certain aspects is computed, as well as its current level is defined. To identify the most problematic areas in the business process management system, the existing level of maturity of the system is depicted using a petal chart. The main directions of further improvement of the existing system are defined.

460-465

Authors: Chepeliuk M. I., Kushchii S. S.

The article is aimed at analyzing the social responsibility of «PepsiCo», identifying the main groups of stakeholders, their impact on the company’s activities and strategies for interacting with them. In today’s business world, many enterprises face increased pressure from their competitors, shareholders, and the environment. More and more companies are introducing a vector of socially responsible business into the corporate strategy. As a result, companies continuing their operations need to apply different strategies for long-term sustainability, which maximizes the shareholder value. However, corporate social and ethical responsibilities have become higher expectations. Therefore, the research examines the corporate strategy, management and ethical practices of the successful global company PepsiCo Inc. The article emphasizes and proves the growing role of the conception of sustainable development in the activities of large companies, as well as analyzes the connection, mutual influence and fundamental differences in the interpretation of the concepts of sustainable development, corporate social responsibility, and business stability. The PepsiCo’s core stakeholder groups are analyzed; the relevance of the implementation of sustainable development strategies by the company is determined and it is shown how the implementation of sustainable development strategies allows to gain additional advantages in management and quickly respond to changes in both the internal and the external environment. Based on the analyzed data, the company needs a more comprehensive ethical policy to ensure the production of healthier and safer products. The research concludes that PepsiCo should improve its conception of social responsibility, corporate strategy, ethics, and corporate governance policy in order to obtain results that best meet the interests of stakeholders.

471-481

Authors: Piatnytska G. T., Hryhorenko O. M., Piatnytska N. O., Lytvyn N. Y.

The article is aimed at carrying out a comprehensive analysis and an evaluation of innovative processes that are currently taking place in the organization of school meals of general secondary education institutions (GSEI) of Ukraine and aimed at improving the management of their activities. To achieve the aim, general scientific and special research methods were used. The content essence of some concepts in the theory and practice of catering are closer defined. It is determined that innovations for the development of the organization of catering of schoolchildren in modern GSEI are being implemented in the following directions: updating the collection of recipe dishes for schoolchildren; development of a multi-variant menu of dishes, composed breakfasts and lunches; organization of production of semi-finished products and finished products, new forms of student service; providing new forms of communication between students (their parents) and the head of school canteen production, etc. The assessment of the quality of organization of catering in 10 schools of different districts of city of Kyiv, which have not same level of propensity for innovative changes, is carried out. It is determined that there is a sufficiently strong correlation between the introduction of innovations in the organization of catering in GSEI and the score assessment of the quality of this organization. It is identified that each innovation has certain advantages and probable disadvantages of its implementation, in order to overcome which it is necessary to plan and implement the proposed management measures. Concluding it is substantiated that a system approach to solving a complex of issues related to innovative processes in the organization of catering will increase the efficiency, safety and quality of nutrition of GSEI students and will contribute to improving the management of their activities. It is justified that the presented results are suitable for improving both the management of GSEI and the restaurant facilities organizing meals at the place of study.