International Journal on Emerging Technologies

3

Authors: Sounik Kajal Kumar Dash* and Dr. P. Yesudoss**

ABSTRACT : Corporate governance is “the system by which companies are directed and controlled”. It involves a set of relationships between a company’s management, its board, its shareholders and other stakeholders; it deals with prevention or mitigation of the conflict of interests of stakeholders. Ways of mitigating or preventing these conflicts of interests include the processes, customs, policies, laws, and institutions which have impact on the way a company is controlled. An important theme of corporate governance is the nature and extent of accountability of people in the business, and mechanisms that try to decrease the principal–agent problem.

3

Authors: Dr. Vikas Saraf* and Pooja Jain*

ABSTRACT : National education systems across the developing world are particularly weak to persistent corruption. A few governmental agencies with high visibility representation all the way down to the community level education are an attractive structure for patronage and manipulation of local sentiment. Decisions perceived to have significant consequences for people's lives are made by gatekeepers who control decisions at each of those levels (e.g., district education officers, headmasters, and teachers). A considerable amount of education funds are spent in small amounts, across many scattered sites, most of which have weak accounting and monitoring systems. This paper discusses reasons that national education systems are particularly weak to pervasive corruption, forms that corruption takes within the education sector and interventions that have been suggested for reducing corruption. The central argument of the paper is that, while there are ample examples of large-scale corruption within central education ministries, the most serious consequences arise from the pervasive, petty corruption that permeates the day-to-day transactions at the classroom, school, and district levels. The real damage to a society occurs when entire generations of youth are mis-educated by example to believe that personal success comes not through merit and hard work, but through favoritism, bribery, and fraud. Such lessons.

3

Authors: Prashant Sharma

ABSTRACT : Metal matrix composites (MMCs) have been reported to offer isotropic properties with substantial improvements in strength and stiffness relative to those of the unreinforced material. Modem Technology aims at high physical and mechanical properties, the weight & the cost must be low and it should have isotropic properties. The above requirements are developed through metal matrix composites, which are not achievable with monolithic alloys. Review literatures reveal that the particle reinforced MMCs (Hybrid MMCs) exhibit reasonable increase in physical and mechanical properties.

4

Authors: Lalit Sharma*, N.K. Grover**, Manvendra Bhardwaj** and Ishant Kaushal**

ABSTRACT : In this report , biodiesel was synthesized from jatropha oil and cottonseed oil at 60°C using KOH catalysed transesterification. The resulted biodiesels after purification were blended with conventional petroleum diesel. Mixed blends (JCB40 and JCB60) were tested for various engine loads and the engine performance parameters like brake specific fuel consumption, brake power, indicated power, fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and mechanical efficiency were determined for the two blends using a single cylinder four stroke water cooled diesel engine. It was found that specific gravity, calorific values and engine performance for both blends were close to conventional diesel.

4

Authors: S.K. Mahla*, Som Kumar**, Harshdeep Shergill** and Ashwani Kumar**

ABSTRACT : Studies reveal that Acetylene gas produced from lime stone (CaCO3) is renewable in nature and exhibits similar properties to those of hydrogen. An experimental investigation has been carried out on a single cylinder, direct injection (DI), and compression ignition (CI) engine tested with pure diesel and diesel- Acetylene dual fuel mode with diethyl ether (DEE) as oxygenated additive. Experiments were conducted to study the performance characteristics of DI diesel engine in dual fuel mode by aspirating Acetylene gas in the inlet manifold, with diesel- diethyl ether blends (DEE) as an ignition source. Fixed quantity of Acetylene gas was aspirated and Blend of diethyl ether with diesel (DEE10, DEE20 and DEE30) was taken and then readings were taken at various loads. From the detailed study it has been concluded that the blending ratio of DEE20 gives better performance. Dual fuel operation along with addition of diethyl ether resulted in higher thermal efficiency when compared to neat diesel operation. Acetylene aspiration reduces smoke and exhaust temperature.

4

Authors: Naresh Kumar*, Gaurav Prashar** and R.K. Dhawan***

ABSTRACT : Materials are precious resources. Different methods are employed to protect the material from degradation. Thermal spraying is one of the most effective method to protect the material from wear, high temperature corrosion, stresses and erosion, thus increasing the life of material in use. Plasmas spraying is one of the thermal spraying techniques known for providing hard, wear resistant and dense microstructured coatings. This paper shows the results of chromium coating on on ss-304 and ss-310 by plasma spraying technique.

5

Authors: Surender Kumar*, Ashwani Kumar Singla** and Lalit Garg***

ABSTRACT : Multiplication is a heavily used arithmetic operation that figures prominently in signal processing and scientific applications. Multiplication is hardware intensive, and the main criteria of interest are higher speed, low power dissipation and less area. The objective of a good multiplier is to provide a physically compact, good speed and low power consuming chip. In this paper a new method is proposed to reduce power and area of the array multiplier. Recently reported logic style comparisons based on full-adder circuits claimed complementary pass transistor logic (CPL) to be much more power-efficient than complementary CMOS. However, new comparisons performed on more efficient CMOS circuit realizations and a wider range of different logic cells, as well as the use of realistic circuit arrangements demonstrate CMOS to be superior to CPL in most cases with respect to speed, area, power dissipation, and power-delay products. The most important and widely accepted metrics for measuring the quality of multiplier designs propagation delay, power dissipation and area. In this paper a new method is proposed to reduce power and area of the 5-bit multipliers by using different logic design styles.

5

Authors: Harichand*, Krishan Kumar* and S.K. Jha**

ABSTRACT : The requirement of mechanical properties of the material depends on the application of the material. As the alloying elements have tendency to change the mechanical properties of the material, but an alternative can also be used to change the mechanical properties by heat treatment process after keeping a fixed alloying element and this will serve great reduction of cost paying for alloying element. By experiment it is found that heat treatment process on the alloy steel can change the mechanical properties of the material without the variation of alloying element in iron. As heat treatment is the variation of temperature and time, this variation can set optimum values of mechanical properties, so it becomes necessary to select a suitable heat treatment out of available number of processes so that desired mechanical properties can be maintained for required application. In this paper a comparative statement has been made for obtaining maximum yield strength and hardness for a highly stressed environment parts and optimum value has been selected for 16MnCr5 material with number of heat treatment processes. Consequently it is found that austempering; a heat treatment process gives the maximum value of hardness, UTS and yield strength with other excellent mechanical properties.

5

Authors: Haripal Singh* and Harshdeep Shergill*

ABSTRACT : This work deals with the analysis of heat generation and dissipation in a disc brake of an car during panic braking and the following release period by using computer aided engineering software for three different materials of rotor disc. The objective of this work is to investigate and analyze the temperature distribution of rotor disc during operation using COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS. The work uses the finite element analysis techniques to predict the temperature distribution on the brake disc and to identify the critical temperature of the brake rotor disc. All three modes of heat transfer (conduction, convection and radiation) have been analyzed. The results obtained from the analysis shows that different material on the same retardation of the car during panic braking shows different temperature distribution. Thus, a comparison is made between three different material used for brake disc and the best material for making brake disc based on the rate of heat dissipation have been suggested.

5

Authors: Jitender*, Harshdeep Shergill* and Rajender Kumar**

ABSTRACT : The integration of the world economy and the resultant growth in competition has made quality one of the most important factors in an organization's survival and success. Successful companies understand that the customer-defined quality can have the powerful impact their business. Due to this reason many competitive firms continually increase their quality standards. Competitive firms believe that the way to rebound is through improvements in quality, and each has outlined specific changes to their operations. Most of the automotive manufacturing industries are focusing on strict quality standards in their production process and implementing a quality program called Total Productive Maintenance. The aim of the study is to implement the TPM program in Sheet Metal industry to increase the OEE of Laser Cutting Workstation. The Overall Equipment Effectiveness (O.E.E.) of the Laser Cutting Workstation for the financial year 2010-11 has been calculated. The OEE value for the lathe machine generates a clear view of the problems. Along with the other factors, improper utilization of resources is an important factor, which reduces the OEE of the plant. TPM methodology is implemented in the company in the financial year 2011-12. Thus there is an improvement have been noticed in the overall results.

5

Authors: Ravinder Tonk* and Jasbir Singh Ratol**

ABSTRACT : The objective of the paper is to obtain an optimal setting of turning process parameters -cutting speed, feed, depth of cut, cutting tool and cutting fluid which may result in optimizing the thrust force and feed force encountered during machining of EN31 alloy. EN31 is a high carbon alloy steel which achieves a high degree of hardness with compressive strength and abrasion resistance, but is usually known to create major challenges during its machining. Turning is the process known for its capabilities in providing machining efficiency in terms of higher machining rate low tool wear apart from reasonably good surface quality. The study was aimed to investigate the effect of several input parameters of turning operation (cutting tool, cutting oil, cutting speed, feed and depth of cut) on the different response parameters such as thrust force and feed force in turning process on EN31. The result showed that the response variables were strongly influenced by the input parameters. The experiments were performed on conventional lathe machine. Taguchi's robust design methodology has been used for statistical planning of the experiments. Experiments were conducted on conventional lathe machine in a completely random manner to minimize the effect of noise factors present while turning EN31 under different experimental conditions. Two type of tools and three types of coolant were used with three different values of machining parameters (speed, feed and depth of cut).

5

Authors: A.S. Khangura and S.K. Gandhi

the organization and regular improvement and implement in the established system of quality. These qualities improvement are based on the feedback of customer (says voice of customer) about new and existing product in market and from benchmarking of competitors. With thin systematic methodology, a high quality and low cost product that more fits the consumer needs is to be designed and consequently the competitiveness of the product to improved. Most of organizations have made changes according to product development. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a quality tool that helps to translate the Voice of the Customer (VOC) into new products that accurately assure their needs. In this paper, QFD apply to a product like refrigerator to design development and implement of the product quality. In the design of a new refrigerator, apply QFD to find out the most important parameter and functions from customer point of view and then find out engineering characteristics. These important parameters are then put into house of quality and make relation matrix between voice of customer and engineering characteristics. From the result of QFD applied to refrigerator are short out the parameter which are require modification according to voice of customer and the result has used for new design.

6

Authors: S. Gomasta* and S.K. Mahla**

ABSTRACT : Improvements in fuel properties is essential for the suppression of diesel pollutant emission along with the optimization of combustion-related design factors and exhaust after treatment equipments like catalytic converter and exhaust gas recirculation. Ethanol is an attractive alternative fuel because t is renewable, bio-diesel and is oxygenated thereby providing the potential for the reduction of particulate emission in compressionignition engines. The effect of ethanol addition on engine performance were evaluated using single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection, Air cooled diesel engine. The experiments were designed to study the effect of their reducing ethanol blended fuel by increasing the fuel temperature and thereby eliminating its effect on combustion and emission characteristics of the engine. The acquired data were analysed for various parameters such as break thermal efficiency, Break specific fuel consumption, break specific energy consumption, exhaust gas temperature. Emission parameters viz. HC, CO, CO2 and Unburned hydrocarbon are also tabulated. The performance parameters were marginally inferior but the emission is significantly reduced as the blend ratio is increased.

7

Authors: Gautam Kocher*, Ravinder Kumar*, Amandeep Singh* and Sukhchain Singh Dhillon**

ABSTRACT : Modern manufacturing requires that to be a successful organization, it must be supported by both effective and efficient maintenance. One approach to improving the performance of maintenance activities is to implement and develop a Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) strategy. However it is well documented that a number of organizations are failing to successfully implement such strategies. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contribution of total productive maintenance initiatives to manufacturing industries in India. The study is carried out at case company Leader Valves Ltd. in India that has initiated the TPM strategies. This paper is aimed at discovering the factors affecting the successful implementation of TPM in manufacturing industries in India. The study also led to the recommendations to improve the TPM development & implementation program of case study organization. The calculation methodology used in this paper is to improve the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) of case company. This model can be adapted to all processing types and/or plant type manufacturing equipment for calculating OEE.

7

Authors: Anubhuti Khare*, Manish Saxena** and Sonal Dixit**

ABSTRACT : This paper present current research on Fibre To The Home for the last mile access , which has a target of providing broadband everywhere in India. Several related technologies, such as OFDM-based PON and carrier distributed upstream signal power equalization, fiber access network with self-healing functions, have been studied. We also describe the need of optical fiber cable up to customer premises.

8

Authors: Rajeev Kumar* and Shankar Singh**

ABSTRACT : The developments in the material science lead to the development of advanced engineering materials such as super alloys, composites and ceramics. These materials are hard and difficult to machine, and often poses impediments in smooth machining with traditional machining processes such as turning, milling, drilling and grinding. Non-traditional Machining techniques are being successfully utilized to machine such advanced materials. Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM), a non-traditional machining process, cuts the stock by means of gap being burned through material by heat produced by electrical spark between the work piece and a wire which are immersed in a dielectric fluid, which acts as a coolant and flushes away the debris. WEDM meets the requirements of tooling and machining industries. WEDM is an indispensable machining technique for producing complicated cut outs through difficult to machine metals without using high cost grinding or cutting tools. Review of the published work on WEDM highlights that research is oriented on newer aspects of wire EDM in the field of analysis and optimisation. The mathematical models have been developed to predict material removal rate and surface finish while machining AISID2 tool steel at different machining conditions. A neural network model and simulated annealing algorithm have been formulated in order to predict and optimize the surface roughness and cutting velocity of the WEDM process in machining of SUS 304 stainless steel materials. The cutting speed and surface roughness of EDM process have been modelled through the response surface methodology and artificial neural networks (ANNs).

8

Authors: Surbhi Vashisht, and Shahzad Ahamad

ABSTRACT : Disaster is a natural or human-caused event which causes intensive negative impacts on people, goods, services and/or the environment, exceeding the affected community's capability to respond. A supply chain, or supply network is a coordinated system of organizations, people, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service in physical or virtual manner from supplier to customer .Customer in case of disaster are people facing the crisis. The application of humanitarian supply chain in real life involves study of the critical factors or enablers and their effect along the supply chain. In order to gain proper advantage of relief supply chain, it is required to find the structural relationship between these enablers. The purpose of the paper is to identify the key enablers of Humanitarian Supply chain and find the structural relationship between them. In this paper, a framework is developed using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) is used to find the structural relationship between the enablers along relief supply chain.

14

Authors: S.K. Gupta*, R.V. Singh* and Rajender Kumar*

ABSTRACT : Inventory is the worst form of all the seven wastes of Lean Manufacturing (7 Muda’s). It is making products in too great a quantity or before it is actually needed leading to excessive inventory. Principle of Lean Manufacturing is application of what is required and when is required by the customer, pulling only what is ordered through the work flow. Heavy inventories lead to cash crunch leading to failure of business houses as lot of money has already been put in the inventory lying idle. Inventory concerns two major aspects regarding storage of material and its movement therefore, it needs people and the equipments including storage facilities to move around. All of this is a cost to business and can be converted to useful savings and uplifting the profits. In the present study an attempt has been made to identify and reduce inventory wastage with the application of Inventory Management Tool in an automobile parts manufacturing industry. In this study, XYZ is a company manufacturing shockers for automobile industry. Company faces many problems like large inventory of WIP, production lead time, lead-time, worker motivation and unsystematically production approach. The study was conducted to categorize models in three categories i.e. Vital, Essential and Desirable.