International Journal on Emerging Technologies

2

Authors: Anita Soni* and P.G. Khot**

ABSTRACT : Day by day the prices of Petrol are increasing tremendously. On account of this fact if the consumption of petrol increases then we are not able to save our Natural resources. Petroleum popularly known as "Black Gold" or "Liquid Gold" is very important for the overall industrialization and development of our economy and natural resources. So I want to save my "Black Gold". The main aim of my paper is to reduce the consumption of petrol by mixing it with alternative source of energy.

3

Authors: Manish Kumar Singhal* and Vineet Richariya

ABSTRACT : The association rule mining on Market "Basket Data" is Boolean Association Rule Mining in which only Boolean attributes are considered. In order to do association rule mining on quantitative data, Association rule mining is one of the important problems of data mining. The goal of the Association rule mining is to detect relationships or associations between specific values of categorical variables in large data sets. This is a common task in many data mining projects. In this paper we are using Association Rule mining without pre-assign weights and its implementation in matlab. In the past, several authors have proposed various association rule mining algorithms with and without pre-assigned weights. The paper consists of two parts. Part two consists of association rule mining for frequent itemset. Complete implementation has been done in Matlab on various real life datasets. Part one consisted of association rule mining without pre-assigned weights using binary form.

3

Authors: Varsha Rajoria, Jaikarn Singh, Mukesh Tiwari and Anubhuti Khare*

ABSTRACT : This paper presents the design & simulation of an Optical Fiber Bragg Grating (OFBG) for stress, strain measurement. The wavelength chosen for Optical Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG), so as to minimize the attenuation of the light signal in the communication link from Fiber Bragg Grating. In this Paper Grating mod Tool provide valuable help in optimizing the design Parameters and the spectrally response signal with independently shifting resonance at different refractive index and temperature value. The power reflectivity spectral and dispersion characteristics of the OFBG are analysed. In order to achieve wideband dispersion compensation with a low insertion loss, grating period, modulation index, different refractive index and OFBG parameter should be precisely optimised. The OFBG designs and simulation achieved in this study have resulted in different temperature and index difference of the fiber respectively with 1550nm central frequency.

3

Authors: Pravin Kumar Barmashe and Rajesh Nema

ABSTRACT : In This paper we have tried to reduce the values of BER using different number of transmitter antenna and receiver antenna combinations. The MIMO V-Blast System came into reality to improve the gain and error rate. Here we study the V-BLAST (Vertical-Bell Laboratory Layered Space Time) MIMO with ZF (Zero- Forcing), MMSE (Minimum Mean-Square Error), and QR-Decomposition detection algorithms with 16-QAM modulation scheme and simulate the model in AWGN environment. From simulation we find that instead of using equal number of transmitter and receiver antennas, we will get better performance of BER with increased no. of receiver antennas only compared to transmitters.

4

Authors: Dharmendra Chourishi*, Chanchal Kumar Buttan** and Abhishek Chaurasia***

ABSTRACT : The E-Learning is learning through electronic means with the Internet as the renowned choice. The success of E-Learning depends on the following factors: learning effectiveness, cost effectiveness and institutional commitment, access, faculty satisfaction, and student satisfaction. As accessing has become more widely permitted through the open courseware and the like with reduced E-Learning cost as a result, more ELearning employment should yield higher achievements in learning effectiveness, and faculty and student satisfaction toward E-Learning. Among four components of E-Learning included contents, LMS (Learning Management Systems), communication, and evaluation; the quality of learning material or online E-Learning content gets more challenging as it is the main criteria in teachers' up-to-date skills and students' learning quality. In this paper we present the results of our survey conduced on various aspects of the analysis of the ELearning system.

4

Authors: L.R. Gajriya, Mukesh Tiwari and Jaikaran Singh

ABSTRACT : In this paper, we have suggested the correlation method for the digital image watermarking . The method is used for the copyright protection as well as proof of ownership. In this paper we have used characteristics of PN sequences for embedding and extraction of message data and calculated different parameters.

4

Authors: Prashant Sharma

ABSTRACT : Industrial application felt the dominance of structural steel as a principal raw material. In designing and fabrication of heavy to light engineering machineries the mechanical properties like Tensile strength, Yield Strength, Elongation, Toughness and Hardness plays very important role. These properties are the important engineering criterion in today’s world. These properties deepened on number of factors. An important factor is grain size of the material. Tensile strength is higher when the grain size is smaller and vice versa. Grain size affects many properties of the polycrystalline materials like strength, Ductility, hardness & Toughness etc. Grain size of metal can be changed to attain desired properties with suitable heat treatment. In the present work structural steel has been taken and investigation carried out to develop a relation between Tensile strength, Toughness, Hardness and grain size of the metal. The grain size has been measured very accurately on computer aided image analyzer. Rests of the mechanical properties are tested on the testing machines. Verification of results has been done by determining the grain size and yields stress of the same metal with different methods used and with the hall- Fetch equation, which gives the relation between grain size and yield strength.

5

Authors: Liladhar P. Bhamare, A.P. Abhishek Choubey and Shabahat Hasan

ABSTRACT : This paper describes a Ka band satellite radar receiver system for measuring both the sky noise and the attenuation caused by rain and water vapor to satellite signals, at the same frequency and look angle. To enable the receiver to stay locked to satellite beacon signals with received power levels between -110 dBm and - 170 dBm, a receiver with an ultra low phase noise, an absence of spurious signals and using advanced digital signal processing (DSP) techniques is required. To obtain rain fade statistics, the received signal power of a satellite beacon is recorded continuously at an eight times per second rate.

5

Authors: Ravindra Mangal* and Akash Saxena**

ABSTRACT : WWW has becomes today not only an accessible and searchable information source but also one of the most important communication channels. One of the key steps in Knowledge Discovery in Databases is to create a suitable target data set for the data mining. Clustering of data is a method by which large sets of data is grouped into clusters of smaller sets of similar data.K-means clustering algorithm suffers from two major shortcomings, right value of clusters (k) are initially unknown and effective selections of initial seed are also difficult. In this dissertation, the efficient algorithm is proposed which overcomes initial seed problem and also the validation of cluster problem. The comparison is performed between proposed fuzzy clustering algorithm, fuzzy C-means and K-mean clustering algorithm on web log dataset to test its accuracy and efficiency.

5

Authors: Jincy John and Vibha Gupta

ABSTRACT : The image fusion is to integrate complementary information from several images to create a highly informative image which is more suitable for human visual perception or computer-processing tasks. Recent studies show that stationary wavelet transform (SWT) and non sub sampled contour let transform (NSCT) both turn out to be effective an deficient for image fusion. In order to take some complementary characteristics between the two muli resolution transformations simultaneously, we propose a hybrid multi resolution method by combining the SWT with the NSCT to perform image fusion. Two methods, serial NSCT aiding SWT (SNAS) and serial Standing NSCT (SSAN), are studied and compared with some state-of-the-art methods. Experimental results demonstrate that the SSAN method performs better than SNAS and the individual multi resolution-based methods, such as NSCT, SWT, complex wavelet (CWT), curve let (CVT) and wavelet-based contour let (WBCT).

5

Authors: R. L. Sharma*and Dr. Ranjit Singh*

ABSTRACT : In this paper, evolution of soliton pulses has been discussed. It is based on pulse spreading due to linear effects i.e. Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD) and non-linear effects which are dependent on refractive index variation due to the intensity of light, called self phase modulation (SPM). The dispersion due to GVD is balanced by the dispersion due to SPM and the resultant waves are called solitons. The solitons maintain their shapes over long distances and are found to be very suitable for long-range communication. Schrödinger equation that describes the light propagation in optical fibres, has been discussed. The applications of solitons in longrange optical communication have been dealt with. The problems and difficulties associated with solitons and their remedies have been outlined.

5

Authors: Yatin Chauhan, Jaikaran Singh, Mukesh Tiwari and Dr. Anubhuti Khare

ABSTRACT: Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks are particularly vulnerable due to their fundamental characteristics such as an open medium, dynamic topology, distributed cooperation, and constrained capability. Location information of nodes can be critical in wireless ad hoc networks, especially in those deployed for military purposes. In this paper, we present study of various method of receiver location privacy in mobile adhoc network.

6

Authors: Anubhuti Khare*, Manish Saxena** and Bhagawati Patil**

ABSTRACT : An Domestic Wind Mill Inverter is a DC to AC converter, used to convert a DC input voltage into a symmetrical AC output voltage of desired magnitude and frequency. Nonlinear loads are becoming a larger percentage of the total load in residential/commercial areas. Fluorescent lighting as always resulted in some harmonic generation. Now, single phase power electronic loads are a major portion of the load in many residential/ commercial facilities. The electronic devices are non-linear loads consuming harmonic distorted currents. These harmonic currents distort the voltages due to the presence of system impedances. The switching of power semiconductor devices in system results in generation of harmonics i.e. wave shape of voltage/current gets distorted from sinusoidal. These harmonics are injected into supply system and load. The harmonics adversely affect the performance of load. The basic idea is to provide the accurate study of domestic Wind Mill inverter and study of harmonic generation due to use of non-linear loads in the domestic inverter and the solution for minimizing the same. In this case, three types of loads are used such as resistive load (100 W bulbs), inductive load (40W) and capacitive load (2.5 µ f). Due to this load the harmonics generation is different and its harmonics frequency is identified by using narrow band pass filter. In this case narrow band pass filter is used with 150 Hz frequency tuned. This harmonics information is obtained on PC using microcontroller89c51 and then using passive filter the harmonics is minimized exactly for such a tuned frequency. The output voltage of a domestic Wind Mill inverter can be controlled by controlling the operation of inverter itself. The control is within the inverter itself. The most efficient method of controlling the output voltage is use pulse-width- modulation technique (PWM) within the inverter. In this technique, the on and off periods are adjusted to control the output voltage. This developed domestic PWM Inverter is identifies the order of VTHD and ITHD Harmonics free output is obtained and system performance is improved with accuracy.

6

Authors: Amit Gupta and Ranjana Singh

ABSTRACT : Transformers are normally designed and built for use at rated frequency and perfect sinusoidal load current. A non-linear load on a transformer leads to harmonic power losses which cause increased operational costs and additional heating in power system components. It leads to higher losses, early fatigue of insulation, premature failure and reduction of the useful life of the transformer. To prevent these problems, the rated capacity of transformer which supplies harmonic loads must be reduced. In this work a typical 100 KVA three phase distribution transformer with real practical parameters is taken under non-linear loads generated due to domestic loads. The equivalent losses and capacity of the distribution transformer is evaluated using the conventional method & also by using soft computing technique using MATLAB simulation based on valid model of transformer under harmonic conditions. And finally a relation associated with transformer losses and life assessments are reviewed & analyzed and then a comparison is being carried out on the results obtained by both the methods.

6

Authors: Adarsh Kumar and Jagjit Singh

ABSTRACT : Casting is a age old production technique wherein cavities are formed by a pattern into a porous and refractive material, usually sand, and then liquid metal is poured into the cavity so that it takes up the shape of the cavity, thus forming the required metal product. Various properties of sand such as grain fineness number, green compressive strength, refractive ness, clay content, moisture, mould strength, etc have an appreciable effect over the produced casting [1]. An experimental study was conducted to study the effect of three parameters, namely, moisture content of sand mould, the clay content of sand mixture and grain fineness number of sand on the tensile strength of the casting produced. Experiments were planned using the strategy of design of experiments, level and range of input parameters i.e. moisture, clay content and grain size were selected and then experiments were conducted [8,14]. In each run, the tensile strength of obtained casting was measured using the Universal Testing Machine [12]. Some considerations were put up for the hardness number, visual blow holes, surface finish, pin holes etc. Since we took into account three factors, the use of Taguchi method was made, a total of nine sand mixtures were made for the application of L9 technique [14]. These samples were then put to test for tensile strength and analysis was conducted for the collected data to study the main effects. Optimization was done by Taguchi Technique [2].

7

Authors: L.P. Singh*, D.K. Jain** and S.P. Jain***

ABSTRACT : EPRI has been studying power quality (PQ) problems and solutions for over 15 years. This paper presents many new and innovative approaches to PQ monitoring, analysis, and planning that have been developed. This paper will serve as a useful reference for identifying suitable indices for benchmarking the quality of service and analytical methods for extending the capabilities of PQ monitoring instrumentation. In the overall context of a PQ program, benchmarking is an essential ingredient. Because of sensitive customer loads, there is a need to define the quality of electricity provided in a common and succinct manner that can be evaluated by the electricity supplier as well as by consumers or equipment suppliers. This paper describes recent developments in methods for benchmarking the performance of electricity supply.

8

Authors: Nitin B. Chaphalkar and Nilesh Agarchand Patil

ABSTRACT : The creativity phase of Value Engineering is critical to the success of a value engineering exercise, wherein the brainstorming technique is deployed to generate ideas. But the brainstorming technique lacks direction in problem solving, and consequently the efficiency is low in generating innovative and useful ideas. This paper has explored the possibility of incorporating the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) into the workshop session of the value engineering creativity phase. The paper has developed a Value Engineering (VE) process, which applies the TRIZ and integrates its creativity tools into the creativity phase of the VE workshop session and thus makes the creativity phase more systematic, more organized and more problem-focused. This attempt will significantly enhance the creativity power of the VE team beyond their collective capability and consequently enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the VE creativity phase. A case study of highway project has indicated the workability of the modified VE creativity phase procedures and the usefulness of TRIZ tools and techniques in efficiently and effectively creating innovative ideas.