International Journal on Emerging Technologies

2

Authors: Anita Soni* and P.G. Khot**

ABSTRACT : Day by day the prices of Petrol are increasing tremendously. On account of this fact if the consumption of petrol increases then we are not able to save our Natural resources. Petroleum popularly known as "Black Gold" or "Liquid Gold" is very important for the overall industrialization and development of our economy and natural resources. So I want to save my "Black Gold". The main aim of my paper is to reduce the consumption of petrol by mixing it with alternative source of energy.

3

Authors: Manish Kumar Singhal* and Vineet Richariya

ABSTRACT : The association rule mining on Market "Basket Data" is Boolean Association Rule Mining in which only Boolean attributes are considered. In order to do association rule mining on quantitative data, Association rule mining is one of the important problems of data mining. The goal of the Association rule mining is to detect relationships or associations between specific values of categorical variables in large data sets. This is a common task in many data mining projects. In this paper we are using Association Rule mining without pre-assign weights and its implementation in matlab. In the past, several authors have proposed various association rule mining algorithms with and without pre-assigned weights. The paper consists of two parts. Part two consists of association rule mining for frequent itemset. Complete implementation has been done in Matlab on various real life datasets. Part one consisted of association rule mining without pre-assigned weights using binary form.

3

Authors: Varsha Rajoria, Jaikarn Singh, Mukesh Tiwari and Anubhuti Khare*

ABSTRACT : This paper presents the design & simulation of an Optical Fiber Bragg Grating (OFBG) for stress, strain measurement. The wavelength chosen for Optical Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG), so as to minimize the attenuation of the light signal in the communication link from Fiber Bragg Grating. In this Paper Grating mod Tool provide valuable help in optimizing the design Parameters and the spectrally response signal with independently shifting resonance at different refractive index and temperature value. The power reflectivity spectral and dispersion characteristics of the OFBG are analysed. In order to achieve wideband dispersion compensation with a low insertion loss, grating period, modulation index, different refractive index and OFBG parameter should be precisely optimised. The OFBG designs and simulation achieved in this study have resulted in different temperature and index difference of the fiber respectively with 1550nm central frequency.

3

Authors: Pravin Kumar Barmashe and Rajesh Nema

ABSTRACT : In This paper we have tried to reduce the values of BER using different number of transmitter antenna and receiver antenna combinations. The MIMO V-Blast System came into reality to improve the gain and error rate. Here we study the V-BLAST (Vertical-Bell Laboratory Layered Space Time) MIMO with ZF (Zero- Forcing), MMSE (Minimum Mean-Square Error), and QR-Decomposition detection algorithms with 16-QAM modulation scheme and simulate the model in AWGN environment. From simulation we find that instead of using equal number of transmitter and receiver antennas, we will get better performance of BER with increased no. of receiver antennas only compared to transmitters.

4

Authors: Dharmendra Chourishi*, Chanchal Kumar Buttan** and Abhishek Chaurasia***

ABSTRACT : The E-Learning is learning through electronic means with the Internet as the renowned choice. The success of E-Learning depends on the following factors: learning effectiveness, cost effectiveness and institutional commitment, access, faculty satisfaction, and student satisfaction. As accessing has become more widely permitted through the open courseware and the like with reduced E-Learning cost as a result, more ELearning employment should yield higher achievements in learning effectiveness, and faculty and student satisfaction toward E-Learning. Among four components of E-Learning included contents, LMS (Learning Management Systems), communication, and evaluation; the quality of learning material or online E-Learning content gets more challenging as it is the main criteria in teachers' up-to-date skills and students' learning quality. In this paper we present the results of our survey conduced on various aspects of the analysis of the ELearning system.

4

Authors: L.R. Gajriya, Mukesh Tiwari and Jaikaran Singh

ABSTRACT : In this paper, we have suggested the correlation method for the digital image watermarking . The method is used for the copyright protection as well as proof of ownership. In this paper we have used characteristics of PN sequences for embedding and extraction of message data and calculated different parameters.

4

Authors: Prashant Sharma

ABSTRACT : Industrial application felt the dominance of structural steel as a principal raw material. In designing and fabrication of heavy to light engineering machineries the mechanical properties like Tensile strength, Yield Strength, Elongation, Toughness and Hardness plays very important role. These properties are the important engineering criterion in today’s world. These properties deepened on number of factors. An important factor is grain size of the material. Tensile strength is higher when the grain size is smaller and vice versa. Grain size affects many properties of the polycrystalline materials like strength, Ductility, hardness & Toughness etc. Grain size of metal can be changed to attain desired properties with suitable heat treatment. In the present work structural steel has been taken and investigation carried out to develop a relation between Tensile strength, Toughness, Hardness and grain size of the metal. The grain size has been measured very accurately on computer aided image analyzer. Rests of the mechanical properties are tested on the testing machines. Verification of results has been done by determining the grain size and yields stress of the same metal with different methods used and with the hall- Fetch equation, which gives the relation between grain size and yield strength.

5

Authors: Liladhar P. Bhamare, A.P. Abhishek Choubey and Shabahat Hasan

ABSTRACT : This paper describes a Ka band satellite radar receiver system for measuring both the sky noise and the attenuation caused by rain and water vapor to satellite signals, at the same frequency and look angle. To enable the receiver to stay locked to satellite beacon signals with received power levels between -110 dBm and - 170 dBm, a receiver with an ultra low phase noise, an absence of spurious signals and using advanced digital signal processing (DSP) techniques is required. To obtain rain fade statistics, the received signal power of a satellite beacon is recorded continuously at an eight times per second rate.

5

Authors: Ravindra Mangal* and Akash Saxena**

ABSTRACT : WWW has becomes today not only an accessible and searchable information source but also one of the most important communication channels. One of the key steps in Knowledge Discovery in Databases is to create a suitable target data set for the data mining. Clustering of data is a method by which large sets of data is grouped into clusters of smaller sets of similar data.K-means clustering algorithm suffers from two major shortcomings, right value of clusters (k) are initially unknown and effective selections of initial seed are also difficult. In this dissertation, the efficient algorithm is proposed which overcomes initial seed problem and also the validation of cluster problem. The comparison is performed between proposed fuzzy clustering algorithm, fuzzy C-means and K-mean clustering algorithm on web log dataset to test its accuracy and efficiency.

5

Authors: Jincy John and Vibha Gupta

ABSTRACT : The image fusion is to integrate complementary information from several images to create a highly informative image which is more suitable for human visual perception or computer-processing tasks. Recent studies show that stationary wavelet transform (SWT) and non sub sampled contour let transform (NSCT) both turn out to be effective an deficient for image fusion. In order to take some complementary characteristics between the two muli resolution transformations simultaneously, we propose a hybrid multi resolution method by combining the SWT with the NSCT to perform image fusion. Two methods, serial NSCT aiding SWT (SNAS) and serial Standing NSCT (SSAN), are studied and compared with some state-of-the-art methods. Experimental results demonstrate that the SSAN method performs better than SNAS and the individual multi resolution-based methods, such as NSCT, SWT, complex wavelet (CWT), curve let (CVT) and wavelet-based contour let (WBCT).

5

Authors: R. L. Sharma*and Dr. Ranjit Singh*

ABSTRACT : In this paper, evolution of soliton pulses has been discussed. It is based on pulse spreading due to linear effects i.e. Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD) and non-linear effects which are dependent on refractive index variation due to the intensity of light, called self phase modulation (SPM). The dispersion due to GVD is balanced by the dispersion due to SPM and the resultant waves are called solitons. The solitons maintain their shapes over long distances and are found to be very suitable for long-range communication. Schrödinger equation that describes the light propagation in optical fibres, has been discussed. The applications of solitons in longrange optical communication have been dealt with. The problems and difficulties associated with solitons and their remedies have been outlined.

5

Authors: Yatin Chauhan, Jaikaran Singh, Mukesh Tiwari and Dr. Anubhuti Khare

ABSTRACT: Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks are particularly vulnerable due to their fundamental characteristics such as an open medium, dynamic topology, distributed cooperation, and constrained capability. Location information of nodes can be critical in wireless ad hoc networks, especially in those deployed for military purposes. In this paper, we present study of various method of receiver location privacy in mobile adhoc network.

6

Authors: Anubhuti Khare*, Manish Saxena** and Bhagawati Patil**

ABSTRACT : An Domestic Wind Mill Inverter is a DC to AC converter, used to convert a DC input voltage into a symmetrical AC output voltage of desired magnitude and frequency. Nonlinear loads are becoming a larger percentage of the total load in residential/commercial areas. Fluorescent lighting as always resulted in some harmonic generation. Now, single phase power electronic loads are a major portion of the load in many residential/ commercial facilities. The electronic devices are non-linear loads consuming harmonic distorted currents. These harmonic currents distort the voltages due to the presence of system impedances. The switching of power semiconductor devices in system results in generation of harmonics i.e. wave shape of voltage/current gets distorted from sinusoidal. These harmonics are injected into supply system and load. The harmonics adversely affect the performance of load. The basic idea is to provide the accurate study of domestic Wind Mill inverter and study of harmonic generation due to use of non-linear loads in the domestic inverter and the solution for minimizing the same. In this case, three types of loads are used such as resistive load (100 W bulbs), inductive load (40W) and capacitive load (2.5 µ f). Due to this load the harmonics generation is different and its harmonics frequency is identified by using narrow band pass filter. In this case narrow band pass filter is used with 150 Hz frequency tuned. This harmonics information is obtained on PC using microcontroller89c51 and then using passive filter the harmonics is minimized exactly for such a tuned frequency. The output voltage of a domestic Wind Mill inverter can be controlled by controlling the operation of inverter itself. The control is within the inverter itself. The most efficient method of controlling the output voltage is use pulse-width- modulation technique (PWM) within the inverter. In this technique, the on and off periods are adjusted to control the output voltage. This developed domestic PWM Inverter is identifies the order of VTHD and ITHD Harmonics free output is obtained and system performance is improved with accuracy.

6

Authors: Amit Gupta and Ranjana Singh

ABSTRACT : Transformers are normally designed and built for use at rated frequency and perfect sinusoidal load current. A non-linear load on a transformer leads to harmonic power losses which cause increased operational costs and additional heating in power system components. It leads to higher losses, early fatigue of insulation, premature failure and reduction of the useful life of the transformer. To prevent these problems, the rated capacity of transformer which supplies harmonic loads must be reduced. In this work a typical 100 KVA three phase distribution transformer with real practical parameters is taken under non-linear loads generated due to domestic loads. The equivalent losses and capacity of the distribution transformer is evaluated using the conventional method & also by using soft computing technique using MATLAB simulation based on valid model of transformer under harmonic conditions. And finally a relation associated with transformer losses and life assessments are reviewed & analyzed and then a comparison is being carried out on the results obtained by both the methods.

6

Authors: Adarsh Kumar and Jagjit Singh

ABSTRACT : Casting is a age old production technique wherein cavities are formed by a pattern into a porous and refractive material, usually sand, and then liquid metal is poured into the cavity so that it takes up the shape of the cavity, thus forming the required metal product. Various properties of sand such as grain fineness number, green compressive strength, refractive ness, clay content, moisture, mould strength, etc have an appreciable effect over the produced casting [1]. An experimental study was conducted to study the effect of three parameters, namely, moisture content of sand mould, the clay content of sand mixture and grain fineness number of sand on the tensile strength of the casting produced. Experiments were planned using the strategy of design of experiments, level and range of input parameters i.e. moisture, clay content and grain size were selected and then experiments were conducted [8,14]. In each run, the tensile strength of obtained casting was measured using the Universal Testing Machine [12]. Some considerations were put up for the hardness number, visual blow holes, surface finish, pin holes etc. Since we took into account three factors, the use of Taguchi method was made, a total of nine sand mixtures were made for the application of L9 technique [14]. These samples were then put to test for tensile strength and analysis was conducted for the collected data to study the main effects. Optimization was done by Taguchi Technique [2].

7

Authors: L.P. Singh*, D.K. Jain** and S.P. Jain***

ABSTRACT : EPRI has been studying power quality (PQ) problems and solutions for over 15 years. This paper presents many new and innovative approaches to PQ monitoring, analysis, and planning that have been developed. This paper will serve as a useful reference for identifying suitable indices for benchmarking the quality of service and analytical methods for extending the capabilities of PQ monitoring instrumentation. In the overall context of a PQ program, benchmarking is an essential ingredient. Because of sensitive customer loads, there is a need to define the quality of electricity provided in a common and succinct manner that can be evaluated by the electricity supplier as well as by consumers or equipment suppliers. This paper describes recent developments in methods for benchmarking the performance of electricity supply.

8

Authors: Nitin B. Chaphalkar and Nilesh Agarchand Patil

ABSTRACT : The creativity phase of Value Engineering is critical to the success of a value engineering exercise, wherein the brainstorming technique is deployed to generate ideas. But the brainstorming technique lacks direction in problem solving, and consequently the efficiency is low in generating innovative and useful ideas. This paper has explored the possibility of incorporating the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) into the workshop session of the value engineering creativity phase. The paper has developed a Value Engineering (VE) process, which applies the TRIZ and integrates its creativity tools into the creativity phase of the VE workshop session and thus makes the creativity phase more systematic, more organized and more problem-focused. This attempt will significantly enhance the creativity power of the VE team beyond their collective capability and consequently enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the VE creativity phase. A case study of highway project has indicated the workability of the modified VE creativity phase procedures and the usefulness of TRIZ tools and techniques in efficiently and effectively creating innovative ideas.

3

Authors: T.K. Bandopadhyay*, Bharat Mishra** and Swapnil Jain***

ABSTRACT : Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an automated method for distributing secret keys across an optical fiber. A unique feature of QKD is that its security is derived from the fundamental laws of Quantum Physics and does not therefore rely upon assumptions about the computing power of an eavesdropper. An added benefit is that the keys distributed by QKD will be highly secure. For any cryptographic system, be it of quantum or classical nature, it is important to carefully analyze the actual implementation for weak points that may compromise its principle security. Applied to QKD, these include deficiencies in the preparation of quantum data at Sender’s that can be exploited by an eavesdropper to gain information about the sifted key. These kinds of attacks are known as quantum state attack. Once the deficiencies are found, it may be possible to eliminate them by devising a better optical setup, or to remove the corresponding amount of information that eavesdropper may have obtained through additional privacy amplification. Yet, we point out that loopholes may also arise from a careless implementation of privacy amplification, e.g. improper choice of Hash function, or of insufficient authentication of the classical channel. Finally, the size of the error corrected key has to be considered when calculating the appropriate amount of privacy amplification, i.e. to distil a secure key.

3

Authors: S.D. Dhamakale* and S.B. Patil*

ABSTRACT : For Green house climate control, in now days computerized control is required. Many old systems are based on (1) ON-OFF (2) Proportional control methods, which are not so helpful. Limitations of this methods are loss of energy, labor ,productivity. To maintain a constant climate a more sophisticated system must be used. By using fuzzy logic logic programming Green House Climate Controller (GHCC) is designed. Developed fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is based on Mamadani controller & it is based on MATLAB software. Fuzzy Logic is a mathematical technique that greatly enhances the capability of classical set theory by allowing the “degree of membership” or “truth value” to range over the interval of 0 to 1. Sets in fuzzy logic systems typically describe ranges of operations and are named using linguistic adjectives such as “slow”, “medium” or “fast”. The degree of membership describes how “slow” or how “fast” a particular value is. The controller formed sharply controls parameter such as temperature & humidity & intensity of green house to great extent. It achives dynamic optimization from economic view for green house model.

3

Authors: Lt. Col. (Retd.) Suresh Kumar* and H.M. Rai**

ABSTRACT : Cellular communication system provides high mobility, quick connectivity, easier to carry being light weight in comparison to bulky UHF( Ultra High Frequency), VHF( Very High Frequency) and HF (High Frequency) Radio communication systems being used in the Defence forces deployed all along the border. CDMA based cellular communication system has inherent security. Hence, it is preferred over GSM system by the Defence forces. It has smaller size, light weight and longer battery life. These factors increase mobility of land forces in different kind of terrains right from mountainous, hilly, high altitude and plains. Spill over of Transmitted Power signal across the border is a serious issue. It needs serious analysis and control. The International Border/Line of Control do not have symmetrical alignment. Hence, the layout design of the communication system becomes more important. In this paper the Ladder type of communication system design with directional sectorised antenna has been evolved. This reduces the problem of spill over of transmitted power to the other side of the International border.

3

Authors: Anula Khare* and Saroj Rangnekar*

ABSTRACT : Fast life and increase in per capita income in India poses ever-growing demand for foremost and convenient train services. Increased numbers of coaches in complete air-conditioned coach trains having End-On- Generation rakes (EOG) need higher capacity Diesel Generator (DG) sets to meet hotel load. In order to improve system efficiency system losses need to be reduced. This paper discusses the comparative study and present status of power supply arrangement for hotel load in Indian railway. Subsequent to that role of power factor in EOG rakes has been discussed. EOG arrangement is becoming dominant as power supply system for hotel load and power factor is a major factor which affects efficiency, performance and energy conservation of the system.

3

Authors: Anil Kumar* and Narendra Kumar Chaurasia*

ABSTRACT : Line of Sight (LOS) Communication between airborne platform and ground control station is generally provided at C-Band. The RF front end Unit is using for frequency translation to make it enable for transmission in the air efficiently with reasonable antenna size. Phased Locked Loop (PLL) is used to provide frequency source used as Local oscillator for frequency translation. Fixed Frequency PLL is known as Phased locked Oscillator (PLO). To design PLO we mainly required 10MHz Oscillator, Phase Frequency Detector Chip, Loop filter and Voltage controlled Oscillator (VCO). The Critical part of the PLO design is loop filter design. The Aim to design Separate PLO at 1430 MHz for UP-Conversion Chain and at 760 MHz for DOWN-Conversion Chain. The additional 90 MHz Signal is required in 1430 MHz PLO Module for tracking purpose which is further up converted at 5000±100 MHz.

3

Authors: Anita Soni* and P.G. Khot**

ABSTRACT : Day by day the prices of Petrol are increasing tremendously. If the consumption of petrol increases then we will be able to save our Natural resources. Petroleum popularly known as “Black Gold” or “Liquid Gold”, is very important for the overall industrialization & development of our economy and commercialisation. Also measured the intensity of correlation or the degree of Linear relationship between different variable (Parameters) which gives bad effect to the single resources variable (Consumption of Petrol). Different Stages of Paper includes Theoretical explanation of concept (Published in Nagpur University), Mathematical Implementation and change’s required (BMSCE, Bangalore), Discussion on First changes (27% - France International), Problem that our country will face after 20 years (Ready to publish), Discussion of Second changes and Combination of above all.

4

Authors: Aizaz Tirmizi*, S.G.Kerhalkar** and M. Zahid Alam***

ABSTRACT : The demand for mobile communication has been steadily increasing in recent years. With the limited frequency spectrum, the problem of channel assignment becomes increasingly important, i.e., how do we assign the calls to the available channels so that the interference is minimized while the demand is met. This paper exploits the potential of the Genetic Algorithm to solve the cellular resource allocation problem. It is an optimization problem and the genetic algorithm is efficiently applied to handle this. As the number of channel is usually limited and therefore should be reused. So this paper investigates on DCA. The performance of the system is evaluated in 64 hexagonal cell arrangement having 20 channels. Numerical results show that the average call blocking probability of the system is lower than the fixed channel assignment.

4

Authors: Soheb Munir*, Vikas Gupta*, Sandeep Nemade* and M. Zahid Alam**

ABSTRACT : An approach to multi-view face detection based on head pose estimation is presented in this paper. Support Vector Regression is employed to solve the problem of pose estimation .Three methods, the eigenface method, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) based method, and a combination of t he two methods, are investigated. The eigenface method,which seeks to estimate the overall probability distribution of patterns to be recognised, is fast but less accurate because of the overlap of confidence distributions between face and non-face classes. On the other hand, the SVM method, which tries to model the boundary of two classes to be classified, is more accurate but slower as the number of Support Vectors is normally large. The combined method can achieve an improved performance by speeding up the computation and keeping the accuracy to a preset level. It can be used to automatically detect and track faces in faceverification and identificationsystems.

4

Authors: Arun Kumar Tiwari* and Ranjit Singh**

ABSTRACT : Radio Frequency System In Package (SiP) consists of Integrated Circuits (ICs), surface mount device (SMD) components and embedded passive components. The routing to interconnect these components introduces high order of parasitics at RF. These parasitics affect the overall performance of the system. These interconnects include bond wires, transmission lines and transmission line discontinuities. The embedded components like capacitors and inductors are used to reduce the over all size of the system with optimal performance. This article brings out the hierarchy that connects individual active devices at the lowest level to system level connections at the highest. The article also describes the methodology for analysis and modeling of different types of interconnects.

4

Authors: Anubhuti Khare*, Manish Saxena** and Bhagawati Patil***

ABSTRACT : Rapid growth of demand for various wireless communication services has led the industry and the researches to investigate on a new generation of telecommunication systems .One of the main objectives in designing and developing these systems is to provide the mobile user with a robust connection to different networks so that the users can move freely between heterogeneous networks while running their computing applications. Examples include cellular networks, metropolitan area networks, wireless local area networks and personal area networks. The combination of all these networks is usually called the beyond 3G (B3G) wireless networks. The B3G networking will enable mobile users to roam freely through heterogeneous networks on all- IP platform. Handoff is a process, which maintains a mobile users active connection as it moves within wireless networks and vertical handoff considers handoff between different types of networks or otherwise stated between different network layers. In this paper we show how performance analysis demonstrates significant improvement that can be achieved from the proposed technique and its optimization.

5

Authors: Anil Kumar Kori*, A.K. Sharma** and A.K.S. Bhadoriya**

ABSTRACT: Transformers are critical and capital intensive assets for utility industry. It is broadly accepted that the life of a power transformer is the life of the oil/ paper insulating system, also the fact that most failures in their final on electro-mechanical base such as a short circuit condition or a mechanical failure. The ageing of insulation in Transformers is influenced by short term and long term over loads, intensity of short circuit, incidence of lightning, and internal faults. The ageing behavior is likely to be different for different types of transformers. The life span of the transformer, thus, depends initially on the design, and quality of manufacture, and later on service conditions and maintenance standard these factors vary considerably and affect the useful span of service life which therefore needs to be taken into account for residual life assessment. During the natural ageing of transformers, the insulation of winding, which is cellulose paper, deteriorates. Cellulose insulation degrades due to heating or electrical Breakdown, resulting in the production of furfural derivatives, which dissolve in oil. Hence, the chemical analysis of the Transformer oil gives evidence of changes that are taking Place in the winding insulation during operating. Deterioration in transformer cellulose decreases both its electrical and mechanical strength. In this paper a novel fuzzy based algorithm has been developed for life analysis of power transformer and implemented on three samples of transformer oil.

5

Authors: D.K. Raghuvansh*, A K Somkuwar* and Poonam Sinha**

ABSTRACT : A design of a ultra wideband printed microstrip antenna which was fed by a microstrip transmission line for the wireless communication is presented in this paper. All the design parameters like dimensions of strip, position of antenna, thickness of substrate and selection of dielectric material are optimized for the suitable VSWR characteristics, required downlink frequency (2.0 GHz to2.4 GHz) and gain of 3db with the efficiency of 74%. The antenna parameters like radiation pattern, input impedance, current distribution and gain are obtained by simulating the designed antenna using IE3D Zeland Software.

5

Authors: Gautam Kochhar*, Sukhchain Singh Dhillon*, Kanwar Jabar Singh Gill** and Ravinder Kumar*

ABSTRACT : In this paper an effort is made to experimentally study the effect of varying workloads on heart viz... (i) At rest (ii) During exercise with respect to varying speeds and loads using a self designed and fabricated bicycle ergometer by leg pedaling at constant room temperature and humidity. It has been found that there is an increase in heart rate as exercise begins and as the work load becomes heavy, the heart rate increases immediately and continuous to increase till the exercise ends. On conducting experiment on people with different weight group, it has been found out that the rest pause required per person is different & depends upon his/her capabilities [1]. It has also been observed that with an increase in load there is marginal increase in rest time required.

5

Authors: Asif Sami* and S.M. Shaukat Rafi**

ABSTRACT : The use of discrete piezoelectric patches in Smart structures for controlling the shape has been of considerable interest in recent years. Such systems of one or more dimensions can nowadays be fully modeled with the help of finite element codes. The shape control of a smart structure using surface bonded piezoelectric patches acting as sensors and actuators is examined in this work. The finite element model based on Reddy's third order laminate theory has been developed for a beam having both ends fixed. The simulation results show that both the number and location of piezoelectric patches play an important role in shape control of the structure. The shape control of the beam improves as the number of sensor/actuator pairs. The location of the sensors/actuators on the control system is more critical than their number. The sensors/actuators pairs are much more effective in shape control when placed near the regions of highest strains.

6

Authors: Nitin Nikesh*, Rahul Malhotra** and Sangeeta Monga*

ABSTRACT : Wireless communication technology is emerging as the most effective tool in the field of communication and networking technologies. A wireless ad hoc network is a decentralized wireless network. Software Simulator is an effective tool to be used to analyze complex network architectures, routing protocols and network topologies. Global Mobile Information Systems simulator is chosen to perform the simulation results from various types of network simulators available in this work. It is a scalable simulation tool for large wireless and wireline communication systems. In mobile adhoc networks each node of the network acts as router and packet forwarder. Therefore, bandwidth and power constraints are major issues in wireless multihop networks. In the last decade, on-demand protocols, which built routes have been proposed. In this work, a performance comparison of different table driven and on-demand routing protocols have been done. The performance analysis of DBF, a table driven protocol is compared with the on demand DSR routing protocol. The quantitative measure and the performance comparison of DBF and DSR analysis using simulation in common environment using GLOMOSIM is taken up in this work. This work intends to analyze the different network parameters like control overhead, data throughput, end to end delay using simulation techniques. The simulation parameters were analyzed using the different parameters of the network viz. network nodes equal to 30, separated at a distance of 25m × 25m having transmission radius of 10 m with Random Movement of network nodes, Static Time of 10 sec, Channel capacity of 1.5 M bits/sec and MAC protocol IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination function. The simulation results show that the Dynamic Source Routing based on On-demand routing protocol techniques, outperforms the Distributed Bellman Ford model based on table driven routing protocol technique.

6

Authors: Badri Prasad Patel*, Nitesh Gupta*, Rajneesh K. Karn**and Y.K. Rana***

ABSTRACT : Discovering association rules between items in a large database of sales transactions has been described as an important database mining problem. Relationships between data are called associations. Association rule mining reveals such interesting relationships. These association rules are presented in a compact form, eliminating redundancy. Elimination of redundancy in the association rule set generated from large item is a challenging task. We show that the quality of rule sets from the Apriori algorithm for association rule mining can be improved by using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). For this comparison we do a benchmark test using Abalone dataset from UCI machine learning repository.

7

Authors: Rajneesh Karn*, Yogendra Kumar* and Gayatri Agnihotri*

ABSTRACT : Service restoration in power distribution system involves operating the line switches to restore as many loads as possible for the areas isolated by a fault. In case of partial restoration, the supply must be restored to highest priority customers (e.g. hospitals) and this fact should be reflected in the final solution of service restoration problem. Thus service restoration problem is formulated as multi objective, multi constraint combinatorial optimization problem. This paper proposes an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm for a minimization problem of energy not supplied during restoration process. The proposed ACO algorithm is a new technique for combinatorial optimization borrowed from swarm intelligence. The operating time of manually controlled and automatically controlled switches is significantly different. Therefore both types of switches are considered separately.