Radovi Zavoda za znanstvenoistraživački i umjetnički rad u Bjelovaru

3-13

Authors: Slobodan Kaštela; Antun Korušec; Damir Bajs; Ante Nazor; Jasna Turkalj; Sandi Knežević; Josip Mihaljević; Ivanka Bušić; Vjekoslav Huzjak

Bjelovar i Bjelovarsko-bilogorska županija u Domovinskom ratu Znanstveno-stručni skup održan 26. rujna 2014. u Bjelovaru Pozdravni govori

45-69

Authors: Natko Martinić Jerčić

This paper presents the preparation, execution, results and significance of the Operation Papuk-91, which was carried out on the western Slavonian front in autumn and winter 1991–1992. In the territorially most complex operation undertaken by Croatian forces in western Slavonia – Papuk-91, which lasted 28 November 1991 – 3rd January 1992, 1.000 km² of the territory were liberated. Serbian military rebel forces were pressed back from the municipalities of Daruvar, Virovitica, Orahovica, Podravska Slatina and Požega, whereby around 100 settlements were liberated. The paper offers a proof of the importance of this operation, after which Serbian forces were disabled in their attempt to sever the Republic of Croatia near the Hungarian border and separate eastern Slavonia from the rest of Croatia; consequently, the Podravska magistrala road became a safe and secure link with the eastern part of Croatia.

133-161

Authors: Hamdija Mašinović

In this paper, the author describes and analyses – based on the available archival material, relevant literature, and his personal involvement, experience and memory – the participation and role of the Police Administration of the Bjelovar–Bilogora County in the Homeland War. A brief description of the organisation of the Police Administration at the beginning of the Homeland War, the adjustment and strengthening of the police forces considering the complex and continually demanding situation safety- and security-wise follow. The most crucial military and police tasks and activities are presented briefly and in chronological order.

191-203

Authors: Željko Pleskalt

This paper presents the operation, organisation, as well as venue and criminal jurisdiction, of the Court-Martial in Bjelovar in the period 1992–1996, after which it was abolished, on the basis of the court archival material that is in safekeeping at the State Archives in Bjelovar and the then valid regulations and ordinances. Courts-Martial were relatively briefly a part of the judicial system of the Republic of Croatia during the period of its gaining independence and liberation. Despite many difficulties, their operation contributed efficiently to the functioning and protection of the rule of law.

227-235

Authors: Dubravko Habek

The Ambulance Service of the 105th Brigade of the Croatian Army was organised pursuant to the recommendations of the Croatian Army Headquarters. It was actively operating on the fronts where this Brigade was fighting – western Slavonia; eastern Slavonia; Posavina; during the operations Bljesak (Flash) and Oluja (Storm) – throughout the war 1991–1995. During its active wartime operation, the Ambulance Service took care of the military units of the Brigade and other units in the field, as well as of the civil population. In its work, the Ambulance Service followed the echelon type of providing care for the wounded and the injured, as well as the principles of war medicine and primary war surgery. In total, 7,323 interventions were performed: 6,781 medical examinations, and 271 operations (21 in general, and 250 in local analgesic anaesthesia). Additionally, blood group and Rh-factor determination, as well as the vaccination of all members of the Brigade, were carried out. The wartime mortality rate in the Brigade in the period 1991–1992 equalled 2.2 percent. Both the doctors and the medical staff of the Ambulance Service of the 105th Brigade have contributed considerably to the development of the war medical care in Croatia, which fact was published in numerous papers, congress reports and books.

257-290

Authors: Rudolf Kiralj; Zrinka Puharić; Dalibor Čavić

The Homeland War, which was fought in Croatia 1991–1995, was the most important event that took place in the recent Croatian history. As a consequence thereof, the Republic of Croatia gained its independence and sovereignty, but also suffered huge human and material losses. It may be assumed that the Homeland War, together with the wars fought in other former Yugoslav republics, exercised – in the demographical sense – an impact on all areas in Croatia, and hence on the area of the present Bjelovar–Bilogora County as well. In 1991, this county was directly involved in the barracks-conquering operations, and the military and police operations Otkos-10 and Orkan-91; in the period 1992–1995, its major part was located in the UNPA Sector West. It is hence of great importance to comprehend the present demographic movements in this county in the light of pre-war, wartime and postwar demography. To this purpose, the demographic data (number of inhabitants) for all areas of the present 23 local administration units were taken from the censuses of 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011; analysed by the means of hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The main components were equally analysed. The relations among the variables (census years) and the relations among the local administration units were described two-dimensionally – by a dendrogram and the main components, and explained in the light of the trends by a graph showing the movements of the population in local administration units; the events in the Homeland War; and the decrease in the number of Serbian nationals in the period 1991–2001. The Homeland War undoubtedly set a new direction to demographic movements. Local administration units form clusters differing according to the stage and time of depopulation, as well as to the extent and manner of having been affected by the Homeland War. The War has caused intensified depopulation, population aging and ethnic homogenisation. Consequently, energetic activities and an efficient long-term strategy for the repopulation and revitalisation of the county at all authority levels are needed.

319-355

Authors: Vjenceslav Herout

The civil population in the Daruvar and Grubišno Polje areas shared in 1990 and 1991 all the wartime sufferings that other parts of Croatia were struck by as well. In this area, civilian victims outnumbered the ones who actively participated in wartime actions within military and police units. The events that marked the year of 1990 and the first half of 1991 should be regarded as political; therefore, they belong to the civil sector. The military component should be set in the background, especially after the arms belonging to the territorial defence were, mid 1990, stored in the Polom arsenal near Daruvar. This was, however, only a deceit; soon the civil population of Serbian nationality began to arm itself, and thereby commenced the realisation of the well-prepared military scenario regarding the fate of these areas. Political battles that started by forming new non-communist parties, which entered into a conflict in connection – to the most part – with the reorganisation of the state, marked this period. The Serbian Democratic Party and the majority of Serbian population in the areas of Daruvar and Grubišno Polje were followers of the policy of centralism, and later, of the expansion of Serbia, which Milošević advocated. The rest of the population expressed their opinion at the referendum conducted in May 1991; the choice for the future was – for the vast majority – Croatian independence and sovereignty. Though harsh words had been used for some time in political battles, this remained within tolerable limits. In both municipalities, the Social Democratic Party held the power in its hands, caring more about how to lower the political tensions in the areas, and believing that most problems would be solved at the state level and subsequently stilled. Due to such an atmosphere, civil population was confused, finding it hard to cope in the midst of the political turmoil. Not being used to living in a multi-party system, the majority did not enter the membership of any of the parties. This, however, does not mean that they did not prefer one to the others. Such events ceased when arms took over the place of the table in tackling political issues. Even if killing three police officers in Daruvar in July 1991 was intended to be presented as an act of terrorism, which was condemned by all parties, the attacks on Daruvar and Grubišno Polje in the second half of August 1991 completely disclosed the welldeveloped Belgrade scenario intended for these areas. In the Daruvar and Grubišno Polje municipalities, the unarmed civilians contributed immensely in performing numerous tasks during wartime operations, and were thus a major support to Croatian defenders. Among them, there were many educational and health workers, peasants, as well as men and women who provided food and clothing to the defenders. Civilian victims and contribution have so far remained inadequately valorised.

373-412

Authors: Ilija Pejić

In the first part, this study offers a reconstruction of the cultural life of Bjelovar and its surroundings – the Bjelovar literary and cultural circle (Bjelovar, Čazma, Đurđevac, Daruvar, Garešnica, Grubišno Polje) – by presenting portraits of writers, painters, musicians and educators; as well as by exhibitions, concerts, the work of associations and institutions; and a review of the publishing activity (newspapers, magazines, journals, books, monographs, etc.). The war havoc and the transitional deconstruction of the symbolic city capital (heritage, space) caused by globalisation are the two key elements that have formed not only wartime writings, but also the context in (the connection with) which they were created. The second part of the study is a presentation of wartime (1991–1995) and postwar (1996–2000) poetic writings in the Bjelovar literary and cultural circle, incorporated in poems and lyrical writings by numerous authors (V. Bažant, Ž. Sabol, K. Kovrlija, B. Kreštan, S. Frajtić, M. Mađerić, V. Vargović, I. Pejić, B. Jelušić, B. Delić, A. Perše Deškin, M. Vidović, K. Blaha, A. S. Prević, K. Prević, Z. Satrapa, L. Erl Luketa, D. Horvat Zácskai, M. Borovac, etc.). It forms a tribute to a better comprehension of Croatian wartime writings. The emphasis has been put on poetry – the poem and its structure as a humanistic analysis of the indifferent world, the understanding of the meaning of suffering and victim, self-perception and the perception of the other party – the enemy, with strong belief in the good and the victory thereof, as well as on the analysis of heritage and its endurance when facing the forces of destruction (wounded city, wounded land, etc.). The need for the as authentic as possible witnessing of the “severe reality”, wartime events, and memory in general determined the frequency of the genre of autobiographical/memoir literature, and the stylistic specificity of wartime writing as a pronouncedly documentary, factual/descriptive (stating the date and venue of the text), and in tone and directness similar to folk story telling – equally in prose, dramatic, and lyrical texts.

435-468

Authors: Neda Adamović; Tina Gatalica

The bibliography of the works on the Homeland War in the Bjelovar–Bilogora County was composed in order to present them together to the interested public. The purpose was to familiarise the users with the existing material, enable them to quickly find bibliographic data, and stimulate them to further explore this topic. The bibliography comprises books, papers published in scientific and expert journals, wartime newspapers that had been published in the Bjelovar–Bilogora County, and audiovisual material. The bibliography further includes scientific and expert literature published in Croatia 1990–2013, which describes and analyses the causes of the downfall of Yugoslavia; the Great-Serbian ideology and policy; the causes of the aggression; wartime operations and military formations; the fall of the barracks of the Yugoslav National Army; the migrations of the population; displaced persons and refugees; wartime sufferings and the victims of the war; destroying monument and cultural heritage; wounding and medical care for the endangered in the areas of Bjelovar, the Bjelovar–Bilogora County and western Slavonia.

489-495

Authors: Dragutin Palatinuš

Priopćenje: Napad na Ivanovo Selo 21. rujna 1991.

502-511

Authors: Želimir Škarec

Priopćenje: Uzroci realizacije plana Bilogora

523-538

Authors: Siniša Slavinić

Priopćenje: Bjelovarske ratne novine

545-548

Authors: Mira Kolar-Dimitrijević

Prikaz knjige: Mladen Medar, Bjelovarski ratni tjedan. Dnevnički zapisi 1991., Bjelovar, Grad Bjelovar, 2012., str. 91.