Radovi Zavoda za znanstvenoistraživački i umjetnički rad u Bjelovaru

9-30

Authors: Mirela Slukan Altić

Thanks to its distinguished place in Croatian history, the town of Bjelovar has been the subject of many cartographic outlines during the 250 years of its existence, which faithfully witnesses its historical continuity and strong cultural identity. Bjelovar was mentioned in cartographic sources for the first time in 1639, 117 years before its founding. Since then, based on many cartographic sources, we can follow its development from a military fort to a free royal city or, in other words, until nowadays, when Bjelovar is an administrative, economy and cultural centre of the Bjelovar-Bilogora County. Because of its exceptional historical role as the headquarters of Varaždin military border, being the County seat, we can follow Bjelovar in detail from the first years of its existence until today. The above mentioned sources enable us to see the outlook and structure of the town, its construction and expansion, the rising of its economy, infrastructural problem solving, and its connection with the surroundings and every day life of its citizens. Because of all that is mentioned above, the cartographic outlines of Bjelovar are an unavoidable historical source, which testifies on its development and rich cultural heritage, which needs to be preserved for future generations as an important piece of common heritage. From these you can clearly see what is the cultural and historical identity of this city, which should be a starting point for conservation protection and future development plans. A scientific analysis of the mentioned cartographic resources confirms that Bjelovar has already been a part of European history and cultural heritage for a long time. This paper is the author’s attempt to collect all the cartographic resources for the history of Bjelovar and, by their scientific analyses, contribute to new findings on the historical development of Bjelovar and historical-geographic conditions of its development.

55-70

Authors: Goran Jakovljević

The problems of urbanization in the area where Bjelovar is located today didn’t start with its formal establishment until 1755. It had started in ancient times, when settlements appeared in those areas, behind the Drava Limes, either as military camps that protected important communication lines or as villae rusticae belonging to military veterans who got their land within that area. Archeological findings of the narrower area of the town witness a settlement existing from the 2nd to 4th century, which was located along the longitudinal and transversal road communication that was crossing at that point, and it was guarded by a small military garrison. The settlement on the plateau between the Plavnica and the Bjelovacka rivers was set up either as an urban unit from a military fortress or as a civilian settlement which existed parallel with a military station. Today’s screen of Bjelovar’s centre has its starting point in the Roman concept of a town being the intersection of cardum and decumanum, where the most important element is a forum. After the time hijatus of several centuries, first bigger medieval properties, based on a Gentile base (first tribal parishes), overlapped or touched at their edge parts on the narrower Bjelovar area, so we cannot expect the logical urban structure; the properties are Česmica, Plavnica St. Benedict and Jakozerdahel. Those facts lead us to doubt the year 1420, which has been regarded up to now by recent authors as the year when Bjelovar was first mentioned in sources such as a “little fair place in Rovišće county”. By the downfall of the big Česmica and Plavnica Counties new urban possibilities were open in terms of more space, which were even more emphasized by the danger of Turkish attacks after they had overtaken Čazma and left the Svibovec fort on the Česma river.

99-110

Authors: Ivan Dadić; Dragan Badanjak; Jasna Jurum-Kipke

Although the town of Bjelovar and the Bjelovar-Bilogora County are located in the middle part of the Croatian Pannonian area, their traffic significance has not been fully shown due to insufficiently developed infrastructure of the road and the railroad traffic. The most important Croatian and international road and railroad corridors to connect the East and the West cross the Sava River basin and the Drava River basin area. Main routes go from the North towards the South, from Budapest, through Zagreb and towards Rijeka, and from Osijek towards Ploče. Higher quality road and railroad connections from Pécs through Bjelovar, Zagreb, Banja Luka and Gradiška, through Daruvar towards Varaždin can considerably improve the traffic significance of Bjelovar and the Bjelovar Bilogora County in the future. Quality road connections such as Bjelovar – Čazma – Petrinja – Krnjak - Ogulin could lower the traffic intensity of the existing roads from Hungary through Varaždin and Zagreb towards Kvarner bay.

125-145

Authors: Ilija Pejić

In the introductory text, literary work of the writers from Bjelovar and its surroundings, called Bjelovar’s Literary circle, is being observed in the totality of the cultural efforts during the first half of the 20th century. Many works scattered through press or, in the best case, bound in stiff covers, with unequal values, are being divided and critically valued with direct access in the creation of every author. For easy reference the literary life is shown in two parts: Faded Glory of the old Empire (1900 – 1918) and Betrayed Expectations in the New State Formation (1919 – 1945). Lujo Varga Bjelovarac and Fran Pilek, two native poets and narrators of the patriotic, war and social topics, are two dominant literary personalities of the first period which mostly coincides with the Croatian Modern era. At the same time we have many other writers: The last supporter of the Illyrian Movement Ivan Trnski, a folk writer and educator of common people, doctor, translator from Bulgarian and Russian Fran Gundrum Orlovčanin, multi task minister Ivan Nepomuk Jemeršić, theologian and folk writer Rudolf Vimer etc. The atmosphere of the pre-war Bjelovar Kruno Kolarević Sanjin depicted in its causeries while Dragutin Klobučar and Ivan Bošnjak are the authors of sketches from the country life. The second period, better known as the literature between two wars, the time of the let down promises, bitter illusions, and sobering up, was marked with polemic tones, essays of the pedagogue Vlado Petz, essays-fantastic stories of Slavko Rozgaj, physicist and astronomer, blooming of children’s literature (Josip Cvrtila, Mato Lovrak, Zlata Perlić, Eduard and Branko Špoljar), social theme domination and prosaic sorts (Vladimir Jurčić, Ivan Dončević, Rikard Simeon, Slavko Kolar, Mihovil Pavlek Miškina, Mara Matočec), appearance of women authors (Zdenka Jušić-Seunik, Zlata Perlić) with exceptional poetic realizations and deviations from common classifications (Đuro Sudeta). In the end there is a list of the literature used in the final forming of synthesis, of the overview, as a starting point for further readings and researches in the end of which Bjelovar’s Homeland Reader is going to be formed.

161-177

Authors: Mladen Medar

In this work, writing about a topic not explored until the present moment; life, work, and the sufferings of the Jewish population, who were an important part of social, cultural, and economic, especially of commercial and industrial life in Bjelovar, the author for the first time shows in detail and in chronological order a sequence of unpublished details from their past, especially from the lives of distinguished individuals ( paying particular attention to the first Jewish temple in Bjelovar from the year 1882 and the representative synagogue, built from 1913 to 1917) as an undividable part of the general historical problems of Bjelovar in a large range from the 18th to the 20th century, that is from the foundation of the town in the year 1756 to their emigration and sufferings during the Second World War, and particular activities during the years after the war.

191-204

Authors: Nenad Trinajstić

Here are mentioned some of the memories from the people who knew Professor Božidar Rogina. Then there is a short portrait of his life. He was born in 1901, in Ivanska, near Bjelovar, and died in 1967, in Zagreb. He graduated in 1923, from the Technical academy in Prague, and got his doctorate in 1931, from the Technical Faculty in Zagreb. He worked in the Sanitary Institute from 1925 to 1952, and the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry from 1952 to 1959 and the independent Faculty of Agriculture from 1960 to 1967. Professor Rogina took part in the work of the Committee that in 1956 suggested the first organisation of the department for Food and Technology, at that time called The Faculty of Chemistry, Food, and Mining, but was renamed in 1957 to the Technological Faculty. He was engaged in analytical food chemistry and had published, apart from his professional works, and presentations, in total nine scientific professional works, three in the magazines Archive for Chemistry, and Pharmacy and Chemistry in Industry, and one in the magazine Zeitschrift für Untersuchung der Lebensmittel, Pharmaceutical Herald, and Analyst (London). Only the Analyst article about determining the small quantities of iodine was written in the English language and this article is the only one still quoted in literature, even though it was published in 1953. All articles, apart from one, were published while Rogina was still working in the Sanitary Institute. When he became a Professor at the Agricultural department, and at the Faculty, he was dedicated to lectures, to writing course material for students, to doing professional lectures and to cooperation with the industry. He taught at many schools and faculties. He taught chemistry, biochemistry, chemistry and technology of viands and the process of food engineering. His lectures were very interesting, he was very fair at his exams, and always held to his lectures and course material.

217-238

Authors: Inga Lisac

Alojzije Fleischer’s arrival to Bjelovar (1802 – 1873) as the organist of the catholic parish church in Bjelovar (beginning of the 19th century) meant his inclusion into the first activities of the cultural development of this small Croatian town in the eastern territory of the then Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Fleischer’s life is characterised with long, devoted and studious musical activity in the surroundings new to him for its nationality, mentality, customs, and climate. His activity as a conductor of a choir society, music teacher, promoter of many folk, popular, patriotic songs at the beginning of the Croatian National Revival was written down, and many of these songs were written in musical notebooks. The loyalty to his new country A. Fleischer transferred to his oldest son Gustav Fleischer (Bjelovar 1857 – 1913), who had finished chemistry at the Polytechnic Academy in Graz. G. Fleischer noted in many ways the development of cultural life in Bjelovar. For twenty years he was a Principal of Bjelovar’s Grammar school and he contributed, among other things, to the expansion of the grammar school to higher classes and to baccalaureate. He distinguished himself as an excellent teacher and through many published works. He translated from German two chemistry student class books and wrote several shorter instructions on how to study better. He was among the first to stand for “mutual education of boys and girls”, which was at that time an avant-garde concept, and he followed this idea with many published discussions. His contribution to archaeology, practical pharmacy, painting, composition, music, and etc. is of great importance. He distinguished himself in organisational activities as an initiator, cofounder, and long time chief editor of the local newspapers Bjelovarsko-Križevački Weekly. He was the conductor of Bjelovar’s choir society Dvojnice, he participated in the establishment of the school and hospital library and he helped the education of deprived students. One of his three daughters, Ida (1882 – 1915), distinguished herself as an amateur painter. Ida had two children (her daughter Vlasta and son Raoul). The two Gustav’s grandchildren, engineer Raoul Sabljak (1910-1975), the expert for the construction of hydro-electric power plants and engineer Aleksandar Johanides (1911 – 1990), the expert in chemical industry, left Bjelovar early, and both of them had great success in their professions in Croatia and abroad. From the Fleischer-Sabljak family two daughters of R. Sabljak (great-granddaughters of G. Fleischer) lived outside of Croatia. The one and only descendant of the Fleischer-Sabljak family in Croatia (the daughter of Vlasta Sabljak-Lisac) is dr. sc. Inga Lisac, who lives in Zagreb. In Bjelovar there still exists the tomb of the Fleischer family in the main alley of the old St. Andrew cemetery.