BAR - Brazilian Administration Review

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Authors: Ivan Lapuente Garrido

This editorial summarizes a talk presented during the 47th EnANPAD Annual Meeting in São Paulo, Brazil, exploring the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in academic journals. It highlights the impact perspectives of AI, recognizing its effects in various social and academic areas. Although the effects are extensive and their full ramifications are unknown and uncertain, the editorial highlights elements of opportunities and threats of this impact, as well as some ways to mitigate the impact. Journals could become smarter and more accessible with AI, providing a personalized experience for researchers and readers. However, significant challenges, such as the risk of inequality between journals with and without AI capabilities, are also highlighted. To seize opportunities and mitigate challenges, the author advocates for investment in AI, the creation of clear editorial guidelines, and an institutional commitment to responsibility and ethics.

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Authors: Guilherme Lecco Tessarolo, Luiza Gagno Azolin, Luiz Cláudio Louzada

This research aims to investigate the effect of generic positioning strategies (cost leadership and product differentiation), adopted in pure or hybrid form, on firms’ performance and to verify the moderating effect of product market competition in this relationship. A sample with 11,322 firm-year (2008-2019) observations, including data from firms in the G20 countries, was analyzed through logistic regression models. The competition level in the product market is measured using the Herfindahl-Hirshman index. The results indicate that firms adopting a hybrid strategy are more likely to achieve good performances than the others. The relationship between strategic positioning and operational performance is moderated by product market competitiveness level. In a low competition market, the adoption of a strategy is unnecessary. For low to medium levels of competition, pure strategy appears superior. In highly competitive environments, the hybrid strategy is more advantageous. This study brings a new discussion about choosing a more advantageous positioning strategy, in which the main issue is not which positioning strategy is superior, but under what conditions of the market environment the adoption of the hybrid strategy is related to superior performance. Contributing to advance in this research field, our outputs suggest that the effect of the positioning strategy on performance is moderated by the product market competition. The effort to establish a hybrid strategy is advantageous in highly competitive environments.

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Authors: Nathália Rigui Trindade, Flavia Luciane Scherer, Maíra Nunes Piveta, Luis Felipe Dias Lopes, Soraya de Souza Soares

Objective: This study aims to analyze the mediation of institutional factors in the relationship between strategic orientations and the propensity of companies, particularly technology-based companies (TBCs), to internationalize in emerging economies. Method: This quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted with a population and sample of 137 Brazilian TBCs. The data were analyzed through correlational and multivariate analysis using the structural equation modeling technique. Results: The findings indicate that institutional factors positively influence the propensity for internationalization of the investigated TBCs. Additionally, these institutional factors mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial strategic orientations and international growth orientation. In other words, entrepreneurship can enhance the international expansion capacity of TBCs, and the institutional environment of the target market often influences the success of this expansion. Conclusion: The presence of mediation, even when there is a strong entrepreneurial orientation, suggests that TBCs do not operate in isolation. Rather, their success is deeply connected to the institutional contexts in which they operate. For an effective international growth strategy, TBCs must focus on their internal capacities and orientations and remain attentive and adaptable to the nuances and demands of the institutional environment.

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Authors: Filipe Augusto Silveira de Souza, Ana Heloisa da Costa Lemos

In this paper, we employ the life story method to investigate the multiple boundaries that, visible or invisibly, have influenced the trajectories of outsourced cleaners working in organizations, delimiting their career opportunities. Based on the Bourdieusian framework, we aim to contribute to the expansion of the debate in the field of career studies by emphasizing the influence of the contextual dimension of analysis in the career construction process. Above all, we privilege a social class perspective, scarcely present in career studies, in which the dominance of constructs such as boundaryless and protean careers reflects the typical emphasis attributed to individual agency. Access to the life stories of the respondents enabled us to unveil multiple boundaries interposed throughout their trajectories, associated with family (family disorganization and early transitions: maternity, conjugality, and insertion into domestic work), educational (early school dropout), neighborhood (local ties associated with low career returns), and professional (intersubjective relationships associated with experiences of pleasure and social humiliation) contexts. Taken together, these boundaries ended up circumscribing the topography of their careers by largely limiting them to providing care and cleaning services.

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Authors: Wlamir Gonçalves Xavier

One of the guilds that have been stable over the last few centuries is the professoriate. Higher education institutions such as the University of Coimbra in Portugal, founded in 1290, and Lund University in Sweden, founded in 1666, still actively and vibrantly pursue the mission established by its founders. They not only operate in very similar ways, but their operations have mostly stayed the same over the centuries. However, a significant change has been unfolding in the last decades resulting in the reshaping of one of the cornerstones of higher education, the reshaping of academic freedom. This transformation is noticeable but not limited to the United States, one of the biggest markets in this global industry, with over 4,000 institutions (National Center for Education Statistics [NCES], 2023). The changes may potentially alter educators who currently work in higher education and the whole professorate profession.

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Authors: Larissa Martins Lehmen, Maira Petrini, João Vitor Severo da Silva

Social entrepreneurs have several motivations that lead them to open and continue their companies, which vary according to the stage of the social enterprise’s life cycle. This study seeks to analyze the motivations throughout the stages of a social enterprise’s life cycle. To do this, we carried out a qualitative research with primary data collected through interviews with experts and social entrepreneurs and secondary data collected through documents and websites. The results indicate three types of motivational factors: essential factors, building factors, and solidifying factors. Each type plays different roles during life cycle. All essential factors are present across all stages of the life cycle. The building factors are found mainly in the early stages, while different solidifying factors are distributed throughout the stages of the life cycle. The essential factors are the main difference between social and traditional entrepreneurs. This research brings new insights by linking motivational factors to the life cycle stages of social enterprises. Entrepreneurs can use this information to identify their stage and leverage their motivators for development, while training programs can be tailored to better align with the life cycle stage of social enterprises.

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Authors: Alessandro Carlos da Silva Junior, Magnus Luiz Emmendoerfer

This study aims to identify and characterize innovation laboratories in South American governments by employing a comprehensive and exploratory multiple-case study approach. Data were obtained from documentary and bibliographic sources, as well as through structured questionnaires containing both open and closed questions. The collected data were then classified using the content analysis technique. The findings revealed consistencies and peculiarities between the labs, corroborating the extant literature. Specifically, there is a greater prevalence of government labs with a focus on organizational aspects, particularly at the local and regional levels, compared to citizen-oriented labs. Furthermore, these labs primarily serve as educators (77.78%) and innovators/ developers (72.22%), with an emphasis on improving services, administrative processes, concepts, and public policies. The presence of innovation labs can facilitate systemic changes within the public sector, enhancing its capacity to deliver efficient and effective solutions to complex problems. Lastly, the study provides an overview of its practical and academic implications, particularly when highlighting the concept of governmental innovation poverty. Additionally, the study acknowledges its inherent limitations and suggests potential avenues for future research.

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Authors: José Eduardo Valladares Teixeira, Fernando Antonio Ribeiro Serra, Kent D. Miller

Although the strategic issue (SI) construct has been used since the 1970s as a theoretical framework to investigate and explain several phenomena in organizational and strategic management, few reviews on SIs have been carried out so far. This study aims to fill this gap. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, comprising 77 empirical and theoretical papers published in peer-reviewed academic journals since 1975. The analysis of this sample of papers led to the identification of five themes or perspective on SIs, which are discussed. This review contributes to the organizational and strategic management literature by identifying lines of inquiry, convergences, and gaps in the studies on SIs, and proposing an agenda for future research.

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Authors: Kler Heloysa de Godoy, Simone Lima Lopes Rafael, Ivan Lapuente Garrido, Rafael Barreiros Porto

Recently, in February 2023, we defined a set of policies to promote diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) in the evaluation and communication of research in our journal. From that, we imagine that readers may ask themselves: being BAR a business and management journal, what are the reasons that led it to adopt such policies? We would answer… good question!

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Authors: Angela Póvoa, Mayara Sakr, Wesley Pech

In this study, we measured how people would take advantage of others’ misinformation, when the financial incentive size changes in economic games. We conducted a laboratory experiment based on game theory, using a modified version of the ultimatum game, where proposers had the opportunity to manipulate the responder’s beliefs by the use of ‘hide behind the small cake’ strategy. Our results contradict the selfish rationality model predictions. Intermediary financial incentives led people to adopt extremes strategies of pure fair/selfish allocation. Greater levels of financial incentive reduced the full expropriation strategy and at the same time, reduced the presence of fair offers, which suggests an interesting interaction between opportunism and psychological costs of lying. The results showed that opportunism is hugely context-dependent and people will update their decision regarding opportunism in accordance with the financial size incentive. Thus, the same person can behave differently depending on the financial value involved and will not necessarily be more selfish when the financial amount increases.

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Authors: Luciana Peixoto Santa Rita, Joaquim Ramos Silva

Objective: the objective of this study was to analyze the effects on industrial competitiveness of the subsidies related to the Industry 4.0 Program in Portugal from 2017 to 2019. The following research question arises in this context: What is the influence of the incentive value on the competitiveness of Portuguese industries after the implementation of the Industry 4.0 technology-enabling projects? Methods: the methodological approach of the study is correlational in nature, and it seeks to establish relationships between the Industry 4.0 incentive value and competitiveness in order to identify the role of funds/subsidies in the competitiveness of Industry 4.0 in Portugal. The study relied on the use of non-parametric statistical techniques. Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient, the Fisher test, and the Wilkinson test were used to interpret the results. Results and Conclusions: according to the presented results, the central hypothesis of this study is accepted, since the factors that make up the Industry 4.0 — European fund — incentive value dimension have an association with the degree of competitiveness (operating revenue, number of employees, total factor productivity — TFP, gross value added, EBITDA, and net profit) in the 2017-2019 period.

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Authors: Jerry Haar, Ronaldo Parente

‘Deglobalization’ has been bandied about now for almost a decade, capped off with the war in Ukraine and its geopolitical and geoeconomic impacts on global trade, in-vestment, and finance. However, there have been and continue to be developments that run counter to the argument that we are living in a period of deglobalization. For example, China’s state firms are major investors in Latin America’s energy, roads, dams and other infrastructure, and space industries. In fact, China has surpassed the United States as South America’s largest trading partner. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufactur-ing Company (TSMC) is investing $40 billion in chip manufacturing in Arizona. And Mexico’s Grupo Bimbo has been actively doing business in China for over five years. Admittedly, the world economy is in a period of contraction. However, this slowdown in growth can be attributed as much to politics, in the form of nationalism and pop-ulism, as to economics. Additionally, measures of globalization and trade, in general, focus on manufactured goods, yet services comprise the most robust, fastest growing and dynamic sector of the economy worldwide. Any discussion of globalization and deglobalization must also address non-tariff barriers to international trade, the growth of startups, later-stage companies, and cross-border data flows. In essence, there has been no generalized decline in international economic activity but rather the growth rate has slowed. Globalization is here to stay.

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Authors: Eduardo Carvalho Sakalauskas, Cristina Dai Prá Martens, Flávio Santino Bizarrias, Mauro Luiz Martens

This study sought to investigate the effect of intrapreneurial behavior on project suc-cess dimensions. Although extant literature examines diverse aspects of influence on project success, it is silent on assessing intrapreneurial effects, even though companies target and foster such behavior. We found that the more the intrapreneurial behavior and profile increase, the greater the possibility of project success in a broad sense, regarding clients, project teams, strategies for the company’s future, commercial success, and efficiency. Latent class analysis reached three heterogeneous profiles in terms of intrapreneurship. These findings bring evidence of the importance of fostering intrapreneurial behavior on project teams, considering that members will develop it dif-ferently, leading to distinct project success outcomes in the middle and long term. Data from 411 project management participants were analyzed through exploratory factorial analysis, PLS-SEM, and latent class analysis. Finally, theoretical and managerial impli-cations are discussed, along with the study’s limitations, and further proposed studies.

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Authors: Hamilton Coimbra Carvalho, Alexandro Afonso, José Afonso Mazzon

Context: There is an inflation of behavioral frameworks applied to social problems, such as tax dodging. There has been also a surge in the creation of the so-called nudge units throughout the world, following the success of the pioneer units in USA and UK. Meanwhile, there has been criticism directed at aspects such as ‘psychologism,’ pa-ternalism, and short-termism associated with nudge approaches. Moreover, by ignor-ing systems thinking, complexity science and other broader approaches, nudging may lead to interventions that can be ineffective or counterproductive in the long term. Goal: To overcome such limitations, the paper proposes an integrative framework, the Nested Circles Model, which put the intended behaviors in a perspective ranging from microworlds to broader upstream influences. Method: The paper employs a qualita-tive approach to critically review the literature on nudging and map its shortcomings. Results and contributions: The proposed model integrates major concepts from pop-ular behavioral frameworks and incorporates elements that influence the repertoire of behaviors adopted by individuals, including intangible stocks (trust and fairness) and complexity markers. The paper concludes by exemplifying the application of the Nest-ed Circles Model to three problems in the context of taxation in Brazil.

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Authors: Felipe Luiz Neves Bezerra de Melo, Ana Maria Jerônimo Soares, Luciano Menezes Bezerra Sampaio, Renato Lima-de- Oliveira

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of gamification as a practice of teaching entre-preneurship on the entrepreneurial intention. We applied the FishBanks simulation to entrepreneurship classes of a Brazilian technical business course at the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN). We adopted as an identification strategy the use of the methods of difference-in-differences, combined with propensity score matching and quantile regression to investigate the impact of gamification on entrepreneurial inten-tion of the students of a technical business course. The sample was composed of 191 students on a longitudinal panel of two periods, with 106 students in the treatment group and 85 students in the control group, totaling 382 observations. The results indi-cate a positive and statistically significant impact of the use of the business game on the entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, we observed a higher impact of gamification in entrepreneurial intention of the students in the first quartile of the entrepreneurial intention.

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Authors: Anderson Betti Frare, Ilse Maria Beuren, Evelise Souza da Silva

This study aimed to analyze the effects of the diagnostic and interactive use of the performance measurement system (PMS) on organizational learning and improvisational and compositional creativity, considering the moderating effects of competitive intensity. A survey was carried out with education technology startups (EdTechs) of the Brazilian ecosystem, and the data were analyzed with structural equation modeling. The findings suggest a positive association of the use (diagnostic and interactive) of the PMS with organizational learning and of the latter with creativity (improvisational and compositional). Organizational learning mediates the relationship between PMS use and compositional creativity. In addition, the competitive intensity positively moderates the relationship between organizational learning and creativity (improvisational and compositional). The study aggregates new evidence of PMS use relative to organizational learning, extends the discussion on organizational learning to different levels of novelty in creativity (improvisational and compositional), and contributes to a flow of studies exploring the moderating role of competitive intensity. Subsidies for startup managers to conduct their activities in search of organizational learning and employee creativity are also presented.

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Authors: Reidene de Oliveira Silva, Gercione Dionizio Silva

Worker creativity can be considered a determining factor in the process of idea generation and innovation within a company. This behavior is determined by both worker characteristics and perceived stimuli. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed how the worker’s creativity is influenced by his or her curiosity and ability to associate ideas. We also analyzed how the relationship between curiosity and creativity is influenced by risk propensity and the organizational support perceived by the worker. The results achieved indicate that curiosity at work has a direct and indirect effect on worker creativity. The indirect effect observed depends on the association of ideas, which tend to increase the creativity of the worker. It was also found that risk propensity and perceived organizational support for creativity did not influence the indirect relationship between curiosity and creativity. These results highlight the importance of instigating worker curiosity to induce more creative and innovative behavior

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Authors: Anelise Krauspenhar Pinto Figari, Gilmarques Agapito Costa, Henrique Portulhak, Sayuri Unoki de Azevedo

This research analyzed the bibliometric characteristics of articles published in the qualified international literature on value drivers, considering the growing academic interest in the subject, the indications about the fragmentation of its discussion, and academic search for the best indicators. Bibliometric analysis based on 14 indicators was performed on 292 articles published between 1997 and 2021 to identify the most influential authors, journals, institutions and countries, the collaboration networks, and the main topics in the research field. A qualitative approach was applied to reveal the main contributions of these articles and to build an agenda for future research. Results confirm the discussion fragmentation due to the identification of six thematic clusters and the debate dispersion across several countries, institutions, researchers, and journals. The ‘intellectual capital’ theme, through intangible assets analysis and covering discussions on trust and organizational reputation, is emphasized. Main contributions highlight the relationship of value drivers with intellectual capital, intangible assets, corporate social responsibility, and sustainability, which indicates the relevance of these themes in identifying elements that can contribute to organizational value.

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Authors: Felipe Luiz Neves Bezerra de Melo, Ana Maria Jeronimo Soares

The intergenerational transmission is one of the key variables that shape entrepreneurship as an occupational choice. However, the role of gender is still a gap in the literature on intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurial behavior. Thus, this study aims to assess the effect of gender homophily in the intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurial behavior. The sample was composed of 10,889 students from the Federal Institute of Technology of Rio Grande do Norte. The probit regression method was applied to measure the probability of an individual becoming an entrepreneur if they are born of an entrepreneurial father or mother. The results show that being an offspring of an entrepreneurial father or entrepreneurial mother is associated with an increase in the probability of an individual becoming an entrepreneur. Moreover, the transmission is increased when the entrepreneurial parent and the offspring share the same gender.