Avances

369-384

Authors: Álvaro Celestino Alonso Vázquez, Yanaray Pérez Pereda, Dariadna Batista Montané

To evaluate existent relationship among production of adjusted milk to 244 and 305 days of nursing in cows Siboney de Cuba and some reproductive and not reproductive factors during 5 serial years, information related with nursing's was compiled finished in period 2010-2015, of 214 cows of the unit «LaJíbara». Conformed to database that facilitated to analyze production of milk in both nursing's according to: I weigh incorporation to reproduction, age to the first childbirth, interval childbirthchildbirth, time of the year to the childbirth, as well as incidence of the empty days on production of milk. To the no reproductive factors in study was carried out variance analysis according to model of simple classification, by means of docima of comparison of stockings LSD Fisher, while to the reproductive ones, was carried out non parametric variance analysis of simple classification Kruskal Wallis, by means of docima of Conover. You concludes when evaluating the effect of factors associated to the production of milk that the incorporate females to the reproduction should count approximately of 300 Kg of weight I live and appropriate age, aspect that demands to work more with the substitution from early ages, to reach a first childbirth around 32 months of age, what is reached when combining existent alimentary technologies appropriately in the tropic, with correct handling of the same ones, should also improve it disciplines technological of the reproductive handling of the flock that allows to serve and to gestate the biggest quantity in cows in the period postchildbirth, that which improves the production of milk and the general economy of the exploitation substantially.

401-412

Authors: Sandra Haideé Díaz Solis, Rogelio Morejón Rivera

Food security and agriculture, as a means to achieve it, are a priority in the current Cuban context, in this scenario family agriculture has a primordial role as a dynamic sector in rural areas. The objective of this work was to show the impact of the implementation of good agricultural practices in the economy and development of a farm, belonging to the Credit and Services Cooperative Abel Santamaria. Since 2008, supported by the Local Agricultural Innovation Project, the family began the implementation of good agricultural practices to achieve greater diversification, better land use, increase agricultural yields, protect the environment and improve living standard. For the analysis, the values of the productive and financial indicators available in the «Marco Lógico 1.0»software database were used. The results of the study revealed that it was possible to make a more adequate management of the farm, increase and diversify the production, rescue traditional practices, visualize the women role in the rural context, generate higher incomes, as well as contribute to food sustainability and to family welfare.

428-443

Authors: Alexei Yoan Martínez Robaina, Dayanis Barrios Morales, Duniesky Domínguez Palacio

Heavy metals are dangerous substances that have the ability to accumulate in soil, plants and living organisms. The objective of the following investigation was to evaluate the agroproductive factors and their incidence in the accumulation of heavy metals in soils dedicated to the cultivation of tobacco in the southern plain of the province of Pinar del Río. The samples were selected in areas representative of tobacco cultivation belonging to the southern plain of the Pinar del Rio province. Semi-structured surveys were applied from a simple random sample to a sample of 74 producers, coinciding with the number of sampling points. The survey was processed through the chi-square test, using the software purchased Pro version 1.0 and the principals components analysis. The processing of the data was done with the SPSS. The principal components analysis showed that, with five components it is possible to explain 76.88 % of the total variability extracted by the model. It was found that there is uniformity in the agronomic management actions that are carried out by the producers. The presence of all heavy metals in isolation in the first three components shows that their main source of origin is pedogenetic and is not related to agroproductive factors. The practices directed to the improvement of grounds are not generalized especially those related to the intercalation of crops and the use of organic fertilizers.

460-470

Authors: Maykel Díaz Barrio, Mayra Casas Vilardell

The environmental entrepreneurial management constitutes an important tool in the protection of the environment; because by means of it,a set of actions is established and integrated to the process of entrepreneurial administration, is possible to mitigate the environmental problems as a consequence of productive activity of the organizations. Withing the principal strategies proposed worldwide to confront the environmental problems can be found the Systems of Environmental Management conceived like a road for the enterprises to identify and to manage the environmental aspects systematically. This investigation is based on the design of a System of Environmental Management for its implementation in the Basic Unit Meat Processing Plant «30 th Anniversary of Granma's Disembark» of the Agricultural Military Enterprise of Pinar del Río, like a contribution to the mitigation of the environmental problems generated in the productions process. In this sense, an environmental diagnosis was made taking in consideration the Methodology for the Execution of the Environmental Diagnoses for obtaining the national Environmental Acknowledgement, and the requirements of the Cuban Standard (NC) ISO 14001:2015. For the application of the methodology adopted, it was made a direct observation of the correspondent activities in the productive process, documental revision, interviews and surveys to hundred percent of the sample. The principal deficiencies that affect the entity's environmental performance were evaluated, allowing the elaboration of the proposed design using the NC ISO 14001:2015.

485-496

Authors: Tania María Pérez Sanjudo, Youry Rodríguez Montano, Daniel Regalado Nuñez

The tower installed in the Company of Dairy Products and Confectionery of Pinar del Rio, does not reach the cooling temperatures that are required in the process, so it is proposed the calculation for the selection of the operating parameters and achieve the selection of a new one, that guarantees the extraction of heat to the equipment of the ice cream production line of said company. Based on the theory of the enthalpic potential described by Merkel and the method of 60 % of effectiveness, this resulted in the power of the fan, the flow of water that has to move and the dimensions of the tower that manage to dissipate the amount of heat they produce. The equipment and keep them at the proper working temperature because of a good transfer of heat.

254-263

Authors: Wilmer Toirac Arguelle, Alberto Vidal Corona, Héctor Barrero Medel

The importance of the forest like regulators of the climatic change, the necessity to use mathematical models to estimate the biomass in the forest ecosystems given by the growing tendency of the employment of the forest biomass as substitute of the fossil fuels makes possible the development of the objective of this work: to build models to estimate the biomass air green total without bark and for component in plantations of the species Pinus maestrensis Bisse in the county of Granma. In this study starting from a destructive sampling were demolished and they cubed 138 trees types of Pinus maestrensis rigorously Bisse, selected by class diamétrica with difference of a centimeter, distributed in the whole range diamétrico and of ages, being used 73 trees for the adjustment and 65 for the validation. Four regression models were evaluated, where the models that better kindness of adjustments presented the Logarithmic ones, with coefficient of determination and adjusted coefficient of determination of 88.5 % and superior, with parameters of high significance (P <0,001). The Factor of expansion of the biomass it was obtained by class diamétrica with a range 1,77 up to 1,28, and the estimated total biomass represented 98,6 % of the calculated total biomass.

274-284

Authors: Yusnely Toledo Díaz, Rolando Vergara Reina, Amarilys Pozo Contrera

The administration of causal of execution that is analyzed it is extremely important; the study of such causal sample the possibilities of the companies to take strategic decisions related with the elaboration or delivery of the product or service. It is necessary to define all the causal ones that affect the costs in each one of the activities of value; it is considered that the volume is only one among many causal of the cost. The objective to proposed and to apply a procedure that allows to determine the causal ones that affect the costs in each one of the activities of value that includes a system of strategic objectives, the tasks required to develop them and to value its execution. The obtained results can be considered as highly positive when proposing them in an orderly way a coherent administration of causal of execution; you reached the conclusion that it is necessary to continue perfecting such an administration that propitiates the achievement of a bigger efficiency and effectiveness.

298-307

Authors: Mariana Brito Rivero, Luís Guillermo Castillo González

The quick development of science and technology, the demographic growth in the world, and the faulty environmental conscience pay the way to the deterioration of the environment. Out of this, it is understood that the world must be centered in the search of solutions for the environmental crisis of the planet. This research work is directed to the Community environmental management for the girls and boys from Carlos Manuel neighborhood by means of an educative environmental program as of informal teaching, departing from the diagnosis of the environmental community reality and the integration of the components of the environment (natural, economic and social) and the elements of the new environmental knowledge, enlarging the environmental culture of the children of the community. The methods used were the dialectic-materialistic, the historical-logical, as well as the participation-action-investigation and statistical. The program laid its foundations of as of the analysis of the referring theoretical-methodological grounds assumed about the environmental community education, the environmental diagnosis of the neighborhood, object of study, and it is built, keeping in mind six moments for the development of the program, in which improvements can be appreciated in the boys and girls as to the changes of attitude, sensibility, convictions, conduct and commitment with respect to the environment.

319-328

Authors: Yosmel Valdés Roblejo, Yudemir Cruz Pérez, Héctor Barrrero Medel, Magdiel Stalin Rondón Masagué

The work was carried out to evaluate the potential of honey flora as the magnitude of main entrance of honey production system for the economic management of the Beekeeping Industry in the People's Council of Palma del Perro, Guise municipality in the province of Granma. Through an analysis of the vegetation by using the structural elements relative abundance, relative frequency value index ecological importance of honey species was calculated. 508 individuals of 42 tree species were identified, belonging to 23 botanical families grouped in 40 genera. The Tiberias Property provided 53 % of honey species not being Ortega Property Forest where only 47 % was found, in both sites converge very important species for honey production, as Zanthoxylum martinicense, Zanthoxylum elephantiasis, Trichilia hirta, Mangifera indica, and Roystonea regia. Honey species of greatest ecological importance were Roystonea regia and Nectandra coriacea, and the species showed lower ecological weight were Annona squamosa, Cedrela cubensis and Eugenia axylaris, which deserve special attention because of their limited ability to restore their populations to shocks. Knowledge of the composition and structure of vegetation allow more efficient use planning Product honey guide management compatible with the environment and reduce disturbances to the forest mass contributing to environmental sustainability, and strengthening the management of lasting value to local development.

342-355

Authors: Reinaldo Castaño de Armas, Jorge Luis Mena Lorenzo, Juan Carlos Díaz Cabrera

The investigation is guided to the improvement of the process of teaching-learning of the specialty of Accounting and Finances from a feigned company that allows to model the countable method, supported by a system of means and instruments characteristic of the profession that organize and they address the study object. It is based on a training strategy, energized in the way of the professional's performance in formation and the dialectical relationships that settle down in the internal structure of the feigned company. It was structured for their implementation, in specific actions, where they stand out as products: I design of the course of training of the community of accountants and the execution of the training program. With the objective of evaluating the validity of the training strategy, the method of experts' approach was used from theoretical and practical point of view starting from preexperiment, empiric methods as the interview, surveys, analysis of documents, observation and mathematical-statistical methods. The obtained results reveal the level of preparation of the community of accountants to direct the process of Accounting and Finances in the feigned company, contributing to the invigoration of the early formation of the countable professional's thought.

122-132

Authors: Esther Liliam Santa Cruz Cabrera, José Lázaro Bocourt Vigil, Mayra Casas Vilardell

Environmental education is an integral process that seeks to create reflection processes about how our habitats and daily actions impact the environment positively or negatively, resulting in taking responsibility and consequent action. The Environment education lasts a lifetime and need to start from early age in order to make it part of everyday act of each individual. This research aims to increase environmental education in children of Soroa community through the implementation of an activities system based on games and entertainments related to biological diversity of this locality. For it realization we took into account the national and international process of community environmental education and specifically the principles of non-formal environmental education. Historical, logical and systemic-structural methods of empirical observation and survey were used as theoretical research methods. As a final result of research have been seen some progress in the children, regarding to the knowledge of the biodiversity present in this area and proposed system of activities was published in a brochure with games and entertainment for distribution in schools of this locality. It was also created the Environmental Inspection Children´s Community Patrol

141-152

Authors: Abilio O´Farrill Colebrook, Orlidia Hechavarria Kindelan, Milagros Cobas López

In Cuba there are more than 1 000 000 hectares of land between saline and salinizadas, which represent approximately 15 % of the agricultural area of the country. In the Guantanamo valley, 17878.90 hectares are affected by this phenomenon, within this area there are 14 integrated forest farms affected by anthropogenic action whose improvement has been addressed through reforestation with Analog Forestry. This technique emerges as a palliative to the destruction suffered by tropical forests by the practice of slash, burn and tumult of the peasants, has spread to many countries, always under the principle of creating an ecosystem dominated by trees, analogous to an ecosystem original mature in terms of architectural structure and ecological functions. The objective of the work is to verify by planting selected species; in demonstration plots; the counting of their survival, the measurement of their development parameters, and their effect on salinity and pH, the possibility of recovering lands affected by salinization, achieving satisfactory results. The existence in the farms of four zones was defined according to their salinity, while the highest survival was obtained with Azadirachta indica A. Juss, followed by the species Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.

167-177

Authors: Luciano Abelardo Ponce Vaca, Isidro Rolando Acuña Velázquez, Luis Enrique León Sánchez

The Ecuadorian State isorganized territorially in regions, counties, cantons and rural parishes. The county of Manabí located in the coastal region of the Ecuador, has 24 cantons, being part of its territory the cantons Jipijapa, Paján and 24 Mayo, located in the south of the county. In this Andean country the two main commercial species of Coffea that are cultivated are: Arabic Coffea L. (Arabic coffee) and Coffea canephora former Pierre Froehner (robust coffee), being the low national production the central problem of the Ecuadorian coffeeculture, added it, the faulty public administration of the sector, that limits their reactivation. In this context the present work has as objective to sketch the main results of the diagnosis to determine the main problems and factors that influence in the process of administration of the coffeeculture and to suggest the implementation of a model of public administration on agroecologicals bases for its reactivation that leaves from the Decentralized Autonomous Governments, articulating and integrating to the coffee farmers to the organizations of producers and other key local actors linked to the coffee sector. For the development of the field work it was appealed to the method of investigation action - participative and to techniques of scientific investigation. The results show that the public administration is even faulty and disjointed, which impacts in the low production and productivity of the coffee, disorganization of the producers, low educational level, validity of an aged rural leadership and loss of credibility in the organizations is evidenced.

191-200

Authors: Katherin Pita Pérez, Noraida de Jesús Pérez León y María Caridad González Cepero

The present work aim was to obtain new rice cultivars resistant to Piriculariosis, as well as to produce their original seed based on the selection for their insect Tagosodes orizicolus Muir (Sogata) resistance. The work was developed in the Unidad Científico Tecnológica de Base «Los Palacios», for this, the obtained lines were subjected to successive selections where the behavior against the fungus Pyricularia grisea Sacc. in leaf and panicle neck, agronomic characters, and the behavior in front of Tagosodes orizicolus Muir (Sogata) populations were evaluated, as well as the simultaneous selection on all the characters evaluated, with independent criteria. The results obtained showed two new cultivars:`INCA LP-22' and `INCA LP-23', coming from crosses `Amistad'82' / `2077' and `INCA LP-1' / `Tetep' resistant to all the diversity of haplotypes of P. grisea present in the Caribbean location, in addition to excellent agronomic behavior, and the Tagosodes insect resistant, those that were included in the biodiversity fairs and its basic seed is in obtaining process, to facilitate the diffusion to the producers and in this way contribute to the improvement of crop diversity.

213-225

Authors: Miladys Garrido Cervera, Maricela González Perez, Mayra Casas Vilardell

The main objetive of the environmental education is to educate for the sostenibility, that's why the university fulfills a fundamental role in the formation of professionals, ables to delvelop their functions in total harmony and respect for the environment, so as to be an example in their social environment while doing their activities and generating a less impact. This research is directed to design an Environmental Education Program for the management community in Hermanos Saiz campus, of Pinar del Rio University of the process of decisions taking. For its implementation the theoretical references about the process to generate communitary environmental education were considered according to the characteristics of the Hermanos Saiz campus, in Pinar del Rio University, so as the results obtained from the environmental diagnostic process, using theoretical methods as the logical- historical, synthesis, analitical, systematical and structural and the investigation in participative action; the empiric methods, documental analysis, interview. As a result of the investigation, a program for the environmental education was designed, using an educative capacitation strategy, based on sevent stages and considering the three main process gestionated, contributing to the empowering the environmental topics analysis in the decision taking process for the management community.

241-253

Authors: Wilfredo Ernesto Hernández Díaz, Roberto José Poveda Flores, Nilo Cecilia Simón

The work is in the Oil Fuel Maintenance and Generation Company of Pinar del Rio, where the installation of facilities is composed of batteries of generators with Hyundai engines, which run on diesel and fuel. In order to carry out a detailed analysis of the atmospheric emissions resulting from the combustion, a sampling was made of the exhaust gases of the engines, as well as the areas of the neighboring houses, for a month, with exhaust gas analyzers, with a view to determining the possible contamination of the environment by these gases. The results obtained, that the elements contained in the emissions do not exceed the current parameters of the regulations in force, which regulate.

3-10

Authors: Amarilys de la Caridad León Paredes, Tamara Gutiérrez Báffil

This article presents the results of a research carried out in the Humanistic and Social Sciences Faculty of Pinar del Rio University. Its aim was to develop knowledge management alternatives through the subject of Composition and Style II, and for that reason, the methodological guide for measuring the impact of the programs that are developing in the High Education Study Center and the standards of performing this subject program, was used. The first, second and third journalist students were used as a sample and the results were significant taking into consideration that the contents they received contributed to more knowledge, they updated and deepen into the ones they had already. The alternatives we proposed contributed to develop oral and written communicative skills in the students' mother tongue, so they could publish the results through different journalist genre.

27-39

Authors: Carlos Quintana Ramos, Nivia Alum Dopico, Carlos Enrique Monterey Rodríguez

Action research study participation had as general objective to contribute to the formation of values and abilities in students of ESBU Carlos Ulloa in Hermanos Cruz community in Pinar del Rio province, with the interest of promoting their support and solidarity with prevention crime and social indiscipline. Theoretical methods like historical logical analysis and synthesis and induction-deduction were used. As empirical methods through survey techniques and literature review, analysis of focal group or discussion also descriptive and inferential statistics for percentage data analysis was used. The main results increased values of support and solidarity with the actions of the Interior Ministry specialists in the prevention of crime and social indiscipline. Greater awareness of the main indiscipline and crimes that affect the community Hermanos Cruz was achieved. An effective implementation of the workshops as spaces for reflection and social transformation was considered, in which community members felt involved and participate from the beginning of social involvement with a community approach.

52-65

Authors: Deisy Puentes Alfonso, Maricela Gonzáles Pérez

The management of innovation is currently considered a function more than the directions of the companies, such management is planned from the development of projects, whose impacts must be measured in a differentiated manner in order to evaluate the effectiveness of them, however, in the Meat Company of Pinar del Rio, recognized as an innovative company, the necessary traceability in its accounting is not available to evaluate this impact, so the objective of this work is to present a Procedure for registration, control and analysis of economic impact indicators of business innovation in said company. To obtain the information, the measurement method was used in association with the techniques of documentary analysis and interviewing, and for the processing of the data, the analysis and synthesis and induction and deduction procedures were used. As a result, a Standard Operating Procedure was designed that allowed, calculate and analyze indicators that measured the impact of two innovation projects in the management of the company.

78-88

Authors: Teresa Quiñones Peña, Beatriz Páez Rodríguez, Carlos Manuel Iglesias

The formation of the labour force qualified in the agricultural sector is of vital importance in the production of foods. The understanding of these problems has borne to that is part of the strategies for the social development in Cuba. The investigation went to evaluate the effectiveness of a strategy to contribute to the agricultural professional orientation of the adolescents in the communities rural of the municipality La Palma, county of Pinar del Rio. In this takes like base the dialectical-materialistic method, aided by the methods of investigation of the theoretical level: historical and logical, the modulation and the hypothetical-deductive one and for those of empiric level through the techniques of documental analysis, the observation and the survey, as well as the methods and statistical-mathematical techniques to process the information. The theoretical validation of the strategy was carried out by means of the approach of experts, method Delphy and in the practical validation the experimental method was used. As a result of the evaluation of the strategy the interests and the adolescents' motivations rose toward these specialties, the integration levels between the entities and the schools, as well as the potentialities of the entities of the agriculture to contribute to the agricultural professional orientation of the adolescents.

98-108

Authors: Diana de la Nuez Hernández y Jesús Collazo Melgarejo

The objective of the present investigation was to apply the axiological approach in the quality management of the lodging process in the Hotel Islazul Pinar del Rio by means of a program that contributes from an effective way to the improvement of its performance indicators. In the investigation were used methods including the analysis and synthesis, the mensuration, the systemic approach, as well as several techniques, such as the design of questionnaires and checking list. The experience to share shows the result of a thesis presented in option to the academic title of master in Management. Among the main results of the study can be highlighted its contribution to the integration of the quality function in the managers daily actions when favoring in these the perspective change from a technical focus toward an orientation in which prevails the quality like a value to share in all the functional subsystems of the hotel, so that it stimulates the learning and it transforms them in leaders able to negotiate the change that supposes to incorporate the quality like cultural value to the organization, it was also documented, the relative information to the procedure to develop the lodging process, the processes map, as well as the diagram of flow corresponding to the one mentioned process. It is concluding that is gotten a better integration and communication among the functional areas, as well as the bases was created to develop a philosophy based on the team work, specifically inside the lodging process.