Journal of Natural Remedis

122-130

Authors: Peters O. Oladosu, Y. A. Umar, A. Salawudeen, K. Izebe, M. T. Adamu, M. Aboh

As part of Federal Government policy on Small Medium Enterprises in Nigeria, a lot of small scale businesses have sprung up including soap making industries using indigenous contents. The ability of indigenously manufactured soaps to remove germs and dirt is paramount. An in vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of twelve randomly collected indigenously made soaps in Gombe metropolis, Nigeria was conducted using agar well diffusion method against strains of reference microbes viz; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumonia being human skin bacteria, followed by time kill kinetic assay to determine the pharmaco-dynamics of active soaps against susceptible test organisms. The results obtained show that six of the soaps exhibited antibacterial activity with varying degree of zones of inhibition. S. aureus was the most susceptible amongst the organisms while E. coli and P. aeruginosa were the least susceptible microbes. The time kill kinetic assay shows that the bactericidal effect of the soaps is dose and contact time dependent as the susceptible organisms were eliminated after 8 h exposure. The antibacterial activities exhibited by these soaps suggest them as potential candidate in bio-prospecting for antibacterial.

143-150

Authors: Varsha Saxena, Lakshman Singh

Background: Anorectal disorders are a group of medical disorders that occur at perianal and the junction of the anal canal and the rectum. Arsha is enumerated under the heading of Ashtomahagada and occurs in Guda pradesh, the seat of Sadyapranahar marma. Out of available treatments of Arsha roga, the Kshara sutra ligation is the best one. In the present research work, three different types of Kshara Sutras, Snuhi (Euphorbia neriifolia), Guggulu (Commiphora mukul) and Udumber (Ficus racemosa) were used in Arsha roga (Hemorrhoids). Material and Methods: Total 33 patients of both genders of Arsha (Hemorrhoids) has been selected randomly after taking written consent and treated with three different types of Kshara Sutra followed in the "Anorectal clinic" of S.S. Hospital, IMS, BHU. Result: It reveals that lowest pain during the entire trial period was experienced by Group C - Udumber Kshara sutra with 81.8% and maximum pain was experienced by Group A - Snuhi Kshara sutra with 54.5%. Lowest discharge was experienced by Group C- Udumber Kshara sutra with 72.7% and average healing time was minimum for group C - Udumber Kshara sutra (6.55 ± 1.12) followed by group B - Guggulu Kshara sutra (7.18 ± 1.16). Maximum average healing time was seen in group A - Snuhi Kshara sutra (7.27 ± 1.10). Discussion: All types of Kshara sutra have good results in wound healing and prevent infection due to its alkaline pH (pH -10.3) that works as antibacterial at site of ligation. Patients of hemorrhoids feel lowest pain during the entire trial period, minimum average healing time, fewer irritants and good tolerance by the patients by Group C - Udumber Kshara sutra and another study also favor this result.

156-165

Authors: Abdolghader Enayati, Morteza Barmaki, Raouf Seyed Sharifi, Abdollatif Gholizadeh

In order to study effects of Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza fungus on yield and yield components of wheat varieties and quality of derived seeds under supplementary irrigation, an experiment was conducted as a factorial arranged in a RCBD with three replications in Agricultural Research Center of Gorgan. Experimental factors including two irrigated wheat varieties including N-80-20 and Gonbad Cv., six levels of inoculations including control (without biologic fertilizer), application of Mycorrhiza (Glomus intraradices), inoculation with Azotobacter crococum (powdery), inoculation with commercial liquid Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza, inoculation with Azotobacter crococum (powdery) and Mycorrhiza, inoculation with commercial liquid Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza, and three levels of supplementary irrigation (non-irrigated, irrigation at booting and irrigation at full heading phases). Results revealed that inoculation of wheat varieties with a combination of Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza induced seed yield and yield components increment as well as quality improvement of derived seeds. Supplementary irrigation at heading phase had more positive effects on traits of wheat varieties. Considering to the investigated characteristics, N-80-20 had a better response to seed inoculation and supplementary irrigation comparing to Gonbad cultivar. It seems that, application of biological fertilizers and supplementary irrigation is an appropriate and low-cost method for increasing of yield and improvement of seed quality of wheat. In order to increase the seed yield and improvement of seed quality, inoculation of seeds with a joint combination of Azotobacter and Mycorrihza along with supplementary irrigation at heading stage of wheat could be recommended.