Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education

7-11

Authors: Boris Banjevic, Boris Zarkovic

The results of numerous medical studies and kinesiology research show the existence of differences in the lung function with reference to age, body height and the ratio of certain parameters of body composition. The aim of this research is to determine the status of morphological characteristics and the lung function with the pilots of Montenegro Army. The sample of examinees consisted of 30 military pilots of the age 36.3±11. The sample of measures was made of 4 indicators for the assessment of longitudinal dimension, transverse dimension, body mass and volume, subcutaneous fat, body composition and lung function. Central and dispersion variables parameters were calculated. The specificities of the body height of pilots as well as the excessiveness in their body weight were calculated, while the parameters of lung volumes and capacities and the parameters of the flow of respiratory passageways have shown the satisfactory condition of their respiratory function. In addition, it was shown that the pilots are soldiers without individual medical risks in the sense of obesity appearance or obstructive ventilation disturbances. The obtained results indicate the need to conduct research in which the effect of certain morphological measures and parameters of the pilot’s body composition to their lung function would be dominantly studied. In that way we would obtain significant data both for the military organisation in the sense of promoting the training system and realization of target tasks, and for the kinesiology science from the aspect of determining certain regularities of the functioning of human body in specific life and work conditions in the army.

21-23

Authors: Izet Bajramovic, Dusko Bjelica, Dragan Krivokapic, Slavenko Likic, Eldin Jeleskovic, Mijo Curic, Jovan Vukovic

Restricting movement for the population and the impact of preventative measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic have spurred research interests in analyzing the healthy lifestyle of the student population. The aim of the study was to examine gender differences between students in physical activity, and the perceptions of physical fitness and well-being during lock-down due to COVID-19. The sample consisted of male (n=268; 25.9%; age 22.56±2.12) and female students (n=768; 74.1%; age 22.12±1.73) at the University of Sarajevo (UNSA). The questionnaire included questions and scales constructed to measure: physical activity, physical fitness, and the acute effects on well-being. χ² independence test were used to determine gender differences (p<0.05). Prior to the declaration of the COVID-19, there was a significant difference in the level of regular physical activity between male and female students at UNSA (p<.01). The data indicated that at that time 65% of male students were regularly physically active, while 45% of female students had regular physical activity. During the lock-down measures at UNSA: 46% of male and 40% of female students reported being regularly physically active and no significant differences were found in relation to gender (p>.05); 65% of male and 58% of female students reported a decline in physical fitness and significant gender differences were found (p<.05). After exercising male students reported better concentration and mood, more energy and motivation, and less nervousness in the range of 62–79%, while female students reported better concentration and mood, more energy and motivation, and less nervousness in the range of 62-81%. No significant differences were found in the physical activity acute effects on students' well-being in relation to gender (p>.05). Although gender differences in physical activity disappeared during the early phase of COVID-19 and lockdown measures, a more pronounced decrease in physical fitness was present in female students. The reported physical activity had equally positive acute effects on students' well-being.

9-13

Authors: Fidanka Vasileva, Angjel Vasilev, Raquel Font Llado, Georgi Georgiev

Physical education plays an important role in developing motor abilities, skills and competence in children. Main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of physical education curriculum by assessing in 9 th grade school- children: (1) abdominal muscle strength; (2) lower back muscle strength; (3) upper limbs muscle strength; (4) lower limbs muscle strength; (5) explosive leg power; and (6) flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles, at the beginning, and at the end of the school term. Basic mathematical and appropriate statistical methods were used in order to calculate descriptive statistical parameters, Skewness and Kurtosis values, as well as Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, were used in order to examine whether data have a normal distribution, and a Student’s t-test was applied in order to test if there is a statistically significant difference in children’s motor abilities between the beginning and the end of the school term. For this purpose, we used Microsoft Office Excel 2010. At the end of the second school term, children in 9 th grade have shown better results in all assessed variables, meaning they have increased motor ability levels after 4 months of applying specific exercises within the thematic plan of the physical education curriculum, which leads to the conclusion that physical education curriculum allows us to introduce effective tasks in increasing strength, explosive power and flexibility in 9 th grade school children.

19-25

Authors: Gojko Skundric, Veljko Vukicevic, Slobodan Vignjevic, Nikola Lukic, Nenad Njaradi

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of regular exercise in the prevention system or the elderly in order to improve the quality of their life. The four electronic databases are researched for collecting articles (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science). A search was conducted by title, taking a predefined combination of the following keywords into account: recreational exercise, Senior Fitness Test, older women. The search was undertaken in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. 136 studies were identified, of which 18 met the inclusion criteria. It has been determined that regular physical activity enables the improvement of the quality of life and positively affects the health of the examined groups, but older people represent a physically inactive part of the population.

11-14

Authors: Gordana Radoicic, Zoran Milosevic, Boris Zarkovic, Srdjan Redzepagic, Blazo Jabucanin

In Montenegro billiards has it's long history, but according to fact that it is actively and en masse played throughout Montenegro, it certainly has it's present and future. Aim of this research is to examine attitudes of billiard players from Montenegro towards necessity to establish billiard association. The instrument of this research is a survey questionnaire. The respondents are active billiard players from Montenegro, 78 of them, average age of 33.35±7.94 years, who expressed their attitudes by choosing one of offered answers on asked question. This study results are analysed by Google Forms platform. Based on the results of this research, the conclusion is that Montenegrin billiard players consider that Montenegro needs to establish national billiard association.

19-26

Authors: Mima Stankovic, Stefan Djodjevic, Miljan Hadzovic, Dusan Djordjevic, Borko Katanic

The aim of this research is a systematic review of the available literature with the effects of physical activity (aerobic training, strength endurance training, etc.) on the obesity of the population of different ages. For collection of previous research on the impact of physical activity on motor fitness, the following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, SCIndeks, PEDro, J-GATE, SCIndes, DOAJ and Google Scholar. The works in the period from 2000 to 2019 were searched. The following keywords were used in the database search: exercise, physical activity, children, adult, aerobic training, resistance training, walking. This systematic review was conducted in agreement with the PRISMA guidelines. The results of the analyzed works indicated that only 20 works met the set selection criteria. In the analyzed works were 845 respondents. In the most researches, the training program lasted 12 weeks, while the shortest program lasted only 5 weeks. Combining endurance training with aerobic training has been shown as the most effective method in the prevention and treatment of obesity.

9-11

Authors: Ana Vasic, Marko Djurovic, Dejan Madic, Tomislav Okicic

The aim of this research was to determine the differences between the finalists and semifinalists of the 2019 World Championships in the 100 m breaststroke. The total sample of subjects included in the study consisted of 23 male participants of the 2019 World Swimming Championships, who were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of finalists (24.75 ± 1.58 years; n = 8), and the second group of semifinalists (25.00 ± 3.38 years; n = 15). The results are taken from the official website of the International Swimming Federation (FINA). The variables analyzed in this study are: Split 1 - first passing time of the 100 m breaststroke, Split 2 - second passing time of the 100 m breaststroke, T100 - total time of the 100 m breaststroke. All data were processed by statistical analysis one‐way ANOVA. The results of the research showed that there are no statistically significant differences between the final and semifinal groups in any of the examined variables, but there are evident numerical differences that are more pronounced in the Split 2 (F = 2.063; p = .166). Based on these results, it can be concluded that swimmers who excel in their abilities in the other 50 m of the race, or achieve better times in this segment of the race, will achieve a better final result.

19-25

Authors: Borko Katanic, Predrag Ilic, Lora Kostic, Aleksandar Stojmenovic, Mima Stankovic, Manja Vitasovic

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of exercising on the back pain. Tools used for the literature review are electronic databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Mendeley, for the time period from 2010. to 2019. After the selection of papers regarding the criteria, 20 studies that suit the needs of this systematic review were selected. Therapeutic training for relieving back pain is very heterogeneous, a total of 12 different therapeutic exercise programs were conducted. The most used programs are pilates and conventional (traditional) program for relieving back pain, followed by stabilization exercises, as well as other methods, such as: sling method, motor control exercises, stretching exercises, segment stabilization, as well as combined programs. Based on the analysis of the research conducted so far, it has been determined that exercising has positive impact in decreasing pain intensity and the level of disability, on the increase of the maximum strength, durability and trunk flexibility, as well as on the improvement of the overall health related functionality of patients with back pain. It has been concluded that program of exercises has a multiple positive impact on the health of patients with the chronical back pain and that exercising to these patients is, therefore, recommended.

9-12

Authors: Milica Vucerakovic, Milena Mitrovic

The aim of this research was to analyze the level of nutrition of students enrolled in primary school in 2013 and students enrolled in primary school in 2020. The research includes data on the height and weight of children from the obligatory systematic examinations. These systematic examinations included a sample of 82 children. We divided them into four subsamples. The first subsample consists of 19 boys enrolled in school in 2013 (n = 19), and the second 18 girls enrolled in the same year (n = 18). The third subsample consists of 24 boys enrolled in 2020 (n = 24), and the fourth 21 girls enrolled in 2020 (n = 21). The measurement was performed by health workers at the PHI Health Center "Nova Varos" in Podgorica. Body mass and body height are determinated, and that was the basis for calculation of the body mass index (BMI). For all variables, were calculated the values of the measures of central and dispersion tendency. Differences in body parameters for assessing nutrition between children were determined using the t-test for small and independent samples and the Hi square test. The percentage of obese boys enrolled in 2013 was 28%, obese girls 0%, the percentage of obese boys enrolled in 2020 was 21%, and obese girls was 19%. There are statistically significant differences between boys measured in 2013 and 2020, in favor of boys measured in 2020. There are also statistically significant differences between girls measured in 2013 and 2020 (obese girls were measured in 2020). When it comes to comparing genders by age, there are statistically significant differences in favor of girls measured in 2013 and girls measured in 2020. It can be concluded that obesity is on the rise, given the fact that more obese children are enrolled in school in 2020.

17-23

Authors: Gojko Skundric, Veljko Vukicevic, Nikola Lukic

Core stability has a very positive effect on the prevention of lumbar lordosis and lower back pain. The main focus of this paper was on a review of the available literature on the influence of trunk stability on lower back pain and lumbar lordosis. The two electronic databases researched for collecting articles are PubMed and ScienceDirect. A search was conducted by title, taking a predefined combination of the following keywords into account: low back pain, core stability, training, sports. Screening processes are summarized through a PRISMA flow chart. 408 studies were identified, of which 20 met the inclusion criteria. It was concluded that exercise on the stability of the pelvic nucleus and muscles is recommended as the simplest and most favorable prevention of lower back pain and lumbar lordosis. The stability of the nucleus helps to overcome the main causes and deprive the body of functional disorders and pain.