Revista Visión Electrónica: algo más que un estado sólido

162-172

Authors: Yuri Ulianov López Castrillon, Fabian Andrés Gaviria Cataño

In Latin America, more than 100 million people do not have access to clean, affordable and constant energy. In Colombia, this happens in the so-called Non-Interconnected Zones–ZNI with a population of more than 2 million people, who live in regions with abundant and diverse renewable energy resources. This paper presents a methodology for the design of microgrids in isolated areas, based on the evaluation of local renewable energy resources. A microgrid is a system that uses several sources and uses renewable energy conversion technologies in electricity to provide electricity to isolated areas. These intelligent “microgrids” consist of an energy system that integrates the generation, transmission, distribution and final use of energy, in an efficient and friendly way with the environment, and with a minimum socio-cultural impact, allowing the exchange of information between All system components for optimal control. Therefore, it is very important to develop an accurate analysis and evaluation of energy resources, with the aim of maximizing the design of microgrids.

180-188

Authors: Germán López Martínez, Clara Buriticá Arboleda, Electo Silva Lora

Electricity in Colombia depends, basically, on hydroelectric (70.0%) and thermoelectric (29.3%) systems, leaving aside other sources of renewable energy such as livestock residual biomass, among others. The manure generated in the livestock operation exceeds 81 million tons per year, with an energy potential of more than 71,000 TJ / year; and it is not currently used. However, it generates pollution problems, mainly caused by its inadequate final disposal, due to the extensive exploitation that is currently practiced, especially in the cases of raising cattle, buffalo, horses, sheep, goats and a fraction of swine. If one wanted to use the current energy potential, only a fraction of it could be used (14.3%); especially the energy produced by the poultry sector and a fraction of swine, because these two sectors have a high percentage of exploitation in technical farms, which facilitate the collection of this resource. It is estimated that 864 GWh / year could be generated if the residual biomass obtained from those farms is used, equivalent to 1.3% of the current national electricity demand.

198-207

Authors: Erika Pinto, Dora Maria Ballesteros, Diego Renza

Image watermarking has been widely used for copyright protection purposes. One of the methods used to insert the marker corresponds to QIM, and it is typically done directly on the image. The main disadvantage is that the level of security is low, and the mark can be easily removed if the value of the quantization step used is known. In order to increase security, we propose an improvement to the traditional QIM method, applying the insertion in the wavelet domain of the image, and only in some high amplitude coefficients randomly selected by the system. According to the tests carried out, it was verified that, if the marked image is attacked intentionally, the recovered mark has a readable content. Additionally, we have increased security, considering the recovery key depends not only on the quantization step, but also on the selection of the wavelet coefficients.

215-225

Authors: Carolina Pimentel Gutiérrez, Fabián Eliécer Pinchao Papamija, Lady Carolina Rodríguez Rojas, Ricardo Alonso Espinosa Medina

This research project consisted in the design of a playful technology, used as a rehabilitation instrument in a game activity, focused on the restoration of the motor function in the upper limbs. The game considered the person as a whole of physical, intellectual and psychosocial systems. The upper limbs are involved in daily-life activities (personal hygiene, holding objects, supporting, among others). The prototype was designed with tests performed on 50 young people between the ages of 16 and 22, apparently healthy, who decided to participate voluntarily in the game. The toy consisted of an electronic bracelet (remote control) and a toy car that had the function of displacing simultaneously with the movements made by the player with his upper extremity. The toy moves in the middle of a track divided by three levels of difficulty. It was found that the recreational activity was carried out with the requirement of an activity within the framework of the rehabilitation, because the construction and realization of movements are articulated, from the proximal joint of a shoulder, following the elbow and the wrist. It also carried adjacent benefits, at a cognitive level, because the player must understand and identify the space in which the game is developed, in such a way that the player presents a game strategy based on strategic actions, actions and consequences, and certain social attitudes, evidenced in the appreciation that the game generates in the participant, identified through an evaluation in factors such as: fun, attention, pressure, sense of competence and effort.

234-242

Authors: Carlos Andrés Jurado, Luz Helena Camargo, Esperanza Camargo

To understand the behavior of the plantar pressure in elderly people, and the factors that influence on it, this is of interest to several researchers, due to the accelerated aging of the population and the consequences that this phenomenon carries. In this work, a simulation in 3D of the human foot has been done during the march, using the finite elements method. This study used the data of several elders, the national average of elders and a young individual as control. The peak pressure and the contact area were obtained, finding the existence of intrinsic parameters which modified the footprint of an elder, such as the weight and height; the greater weight, the greater peak pressure, and the greater height, the lower contact region. Men, unlike women, present the major contact area during the march. This study found values of average peak pressure in elders, 7,325 ± 3,97 psi in the heel support stage, 14,25 ± 1,60 psi in the charge transference stage and 16 ± 7,77 psi in the takeoff stage of the heel.

252-257

Authors: Santiago Orjuela R, Fernando Martínez

The objective of this project is to design a power supply system for an electric arc ignition circuit, in a conventional domestic stove, using Peltier cells as an electric source. The regular working conditions of a domestic gas stove were replicated, doing temperature measurements, by means of a thermographic camera on the stove surfaces, and by means of a conventional instrument on its inner room. Starting from the measurements, the most appropriate type of Peltier cell was selected, as well as its amount and optimum location. After that, the prototype circuit was designed, as for the load of the storage device, as for the electric arc ignition system. A design of a battery-based power supply circuit was obtained, whose energy recharge source is based on Peltier cells, and which has an energy consumption of 650mW. In conclusion, it is possible to use the thermal energy produced by a stove or any other energy dissipating, for supplying power to low-power circuits, taking advantage of the thermoelectric effect.

265-277

Authors: Jhon Alejandro Londoño Alzate, Aldemar Fonseca Velásquez, Eduardo Alberto Delgadillo

This paper presents the results of research project whose objective was to analyze, design, implement and verify a remote laboratory from a didactic thermal plant installed in the Technological Faculty of the Distrital Francisco José de Caldas University. During the execution of this project, several technical challenges of a hardware-software-web development were presented, such as: the selection of plant variables to be uploaded, which actions that could be performed remotely, what hardware and software platform would respond to the technical requirements, what is the availability of the web server, what is the best user-friendly interface to a remote user and how to have low response times. The justification of a remote laboratory can be seen in the need that is in engineering teaching programs -or training of qualified personnel- to practice control, instrumentation, automation with real plants when there is trouble with the availability of resources and staff. For this, it is proposed achieve this taking advantage of the advances in technologies like IoT (Internet of Things) and offer alternatives that are worth studying.

294-306

Authors: Alexis F. Ladino T, Jeimy A. Martínez R, Clara I. Buriticá A

The objective of this document is to define a methodology called "APRENDYSAGE", which consists of the use of waste from livestock biomass (animal waste) and its application from self-generating systems. For this purpose, an analysis of previous research studies at national and international level is carried out, in order to define and identify the theoretical and technical energy potential, associated with this resource, and to provide the tools to establish a route and conversion technology, in order to Generate electricity from non-conventional sources of renewable energy (FNCER), overcoming the limitations and problems of other techniques and methods proposed, and establishing a model that takes into account the geographical, cultural and normative characteristics of Colombia. It is evident that the main attribute of the APRENDYSAGE methodology is its ease of application at different scales in regions of the Colombian geography, where the livestock residual biomass resource is available.

319-338

Authors: Harvey Gómez Castillo

The article explores and proposes elements for reflection about the incorporation of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), through discursive practices of convergence and flexibility as part of a strategy of knowledge / power sustained over time, in the technology process of pedagogical practices. For this purpose, an archaeological-genealogical approach is proposed which also tells how a subject is configured for efficiency.