Biotechnologia Acta

12-24

Authors: Öznur Özge ÖZCAN, Mesut KARAHAN

Recent research focused on finding new strategies in cancer therapy that did not have significant side effects and was more effective than traditional modules including the surgical intervention, radiation and chemotherapeutics. In this regard the nanoscale structures provide useful approaches for cancer treatment. So, the nanoparticle systems improve the efficiency of therapeutic drugs reducing their side effects. Although many studies reported the development of novel cancer cell therapies for future, the clinical success is lacking understand the effects of nanoparticle type, size and dose with their usage areas. Thus, this review was aimed to illustrate the usage of nanoparticles in cancer diagnostic, imaging and treatment.

35-43

Authors: Sakovich V. V., Stohnii Ye. M., Zhernosekov D. D., Rebriev A. V., Korolova D. S., Marunych R. Yu., Chernyshenko V. O.

The aim of this work was to identify and to study physical and chemical properties of the enzyme preparation which was obtained from the cultural liquid of Pleurotus ostreatus. The protease containing fraction was obtained from the cultural liquid by sodium chloride precipitation followed by dialysis and concentration procedures. Gelatinase and milk-clotting activity were defined by standard methods. The content of the protein component of the fraction was analysed by HPLC, Laemmli electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF analysis. Protease activity was proved by enzyme-electrophoresis. To identify the protease, mass-spectrometry was carried out using the MatrixScience database. To study the specificity of protease action, the series of chromogenic substrates were used: S2238, S236, S2251, S2765, Leu-pNa, Ala-pNa and S2302. The inhibitory analysis was carried out using EDTA, benzamidine, PMSF, PCMB. The obtained fraction possessed maximal protease activity at 45 °C. Meanwhile maximal milk-clotting activity was observed at 35 °C. The highest milk-clotting activity was shown at pH 5.0 and less than 3.0. The highest protease activity was shown at pH 6.0. Using HPLC method, it was found the main protein component and some minor proteins. According to the electrophoresis results, the main protein component of the fraction had molecular mass 45 kDa. Enzyme electrophoresis demonstrated that protease activity of the fraction was present in the zone corresponding to 45 kDa. When identifying trypsinolysis products, no homology was found with other known proteinases. It was shown that the protease hydrolyzed peptide bonds which were formed by carboxyl group of amino acids with hydrophobic side chains. The enzyme was inhibited by EDTA (ІС50 = 2.5 mМ). The maximal enzyme activity towards gelatin and Leu-pNa was shown in the presence of 5 mM calcium chloride. The new calcium-dependent metalloprotease with molecular weight 45 kDa was found in the cultural liquid of Pleurotus ostreatus. The enzyme had no homology with other known proteases and hydrolyzes peptide bonds formed by carboxyl groups of amino acids with hydrophobic side chains.

46=55

Authors: T. P. Pirog, B. S.Geichenko, A. O. Zvarych

The aim of the work was to study the possibility of Nocardia vaccinii IMV B-7405, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus IMV B-7241 and Rhodococcus erythropolis IMV Ac-5017 supernatants usage with various concentrations of surfactants for post-harvest processing of vegetables. N. vaccinii IMV B-7405, A. calcoaceticus IMV B-7241 and R. erythropolis IMV Ac-5017 were grown on used sunflower oil and ethanol. For vegetables treatment, supernatants of the culture fluid with surfactant concentration of 0.01‒0.5 g/l were used. The concentration of surfactants was determined by the gravimetric method after extraction with Folch mixture. The total number of heterotrophic bacteria and fungi on the surface of vegetables was determined by the Koch method on meat-peptone agar and wort agar, respectively. It was shown that treatment of broccoli, Brussels sprouts, sweet pepper and tomatoes with N. vaccinii IMV B-7405, A. calcoaceticus IMV B-7241 and R. erythropolis IMV Ac-5017 supernatants was accompanied by 6‒17 and 8–50 times decrease of bacteria and fungi number on their surface, respectively, compared with that on the surface of vegetables washed with tap water. The possibility of double use of the same supernatant for various batches of vegetables washing was established. Non-treated and water-washed vegetables spoiled faster than those treated with surfactant-containing supernatants did. N. vaccinii IMV B-7405, R. erythropolis IMV Ac-5017 and A. calcoaceticus IMV B-7241 exometabolites used for treating vegetables to extend their shelf life have the following advantages in comparison with known microbial surfactants: they exhibit high antimicrobial activity when the surfactant concentration was sometimes lower and in the form of supernatant, which lets you exclude the expensive stage of isolation and purification of the target product from the technological process. In addition, surfactant-containing supernatants are highly effective in their repeated use.

65-70

Authors: Malynovska I. M.

The aim of the work was to study the direction and intensity of mineralization and immobilization processes in different layers of gray forest soil at fallow fields, extensively and intensively used agrosoils. The research included laboratory analysis, microbiological studies, and statistical processing. For the fallow plots, the layers chosen for study were Hd – turf (010 cm), He – humus-eluvial (11–40 cm), Hi – humus-illuvial (4174 cm), Ih – illuvial-humus (75115 cm), Ip – transitional from the illuvial layer to bedrock (116156 cm), Pi – bedrock with occasional insertions of illuvial soil (157191 cm); for the agrosoils of the stationary experiments: He – humus-eluvial (0-10 and 11–40 cm), Hi – humus-illuvial (4174 cm), Ih – illuvial-humus (75115 cm), Ip – transitional from the illuvial layer to bedrock (11656 cm). We found that humus mineralization differed in some layers of the gray forest soil under these management regimes. At fallows, the intensity of humus mineralization tended to decrease with depth, and it was interrupted in the Ih and Ip layers. In the intensively used agrosoil, humus mineralization was more active in Hi- and Ih- layers. Comparatively, the activity of humus mineralization smoothly decreased in the profile of the extensively used agrosoil from the uppermost layer to the lower by 97.2%. The mineralization coefficient of Nitrogen compounds gradually decreased in the fallow ground and extensively used agrosoil, unlike the intensively managed agrosoil, in which the intensity of mineralization-immobilization of nitrogen compounds increased in the He and Hi layers. It was shown that the fallow ground had the more efficient system to transfer substrates and mineral ions down the profile to the lower layers. The difference in biologic activity between the upper and lower layers was maximum in the fallow ground, intermediate in the intensively used agrosoil and minimum in the extensive agrosoil.