Revista SCientifica

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Authors: Anthon Daniel Torres Romero, Carlos Daniel Palacios Acosta, Milena Marlene Díaz Jara

Abstract Introduction: It is estimated that 40 million people annually need palliative care. Classically, the care of the terminally ill cancer patient has been the reason for being of Palliative Care, currently the range encompasses much more, therefore training and education from undergraduate is necessary. This study seeks to determine attitudes regarding palliative care and euthanasia in two populations of medical students Objective:To determine the knowledge and attitudes about palliative care and euthanasia in university students of the Medical and Surgery Career School of Medical Sciences, 2019. Material and Method: Analytical observational study, cross-section, non-probabilistic sampling for convenience, from March to September 2019, at the Faculty of Medical Sciences (Sajonia headquarters). It was used the questionnaire by Belén Ortiz-Gonçalves et. al, validated by literature. Results: 201 surveys were analyzed. Mean age of 21.02 ± 1.567 years. 65.2% of respondents have prior instructions regarding Palliative Care and 36.3% fully agree to receive Palliative Care. 65.7% consider Euthanasia acceptable. 46.7% of the students surveyed consider it as totally acceptable to legalize Euthanasia.Discussion: The majority of respondents in the 2nd year have knowledge about Palliative Care which is predictable because they have taken the Class of Medical Bioethics, differs with the results obtained in similar works where it was observed that less than half have knowledge about this service, may be due to the previous instructions that they have received from different classes within their university education. Conclusion: It was found that most of the respondents have knowledge about Euthanasia and Palliative Care and the fact that this knowledge is strong associated with the respondent’s course. Resumen Introducción: Se estima que anualmente 40 millones de personas necesitan cuidados paliativos. Clásicamente la atención del enfermo de cáncer en fase terminal ha constituido la razón de ser de los Cuidados Paliativos, actualmente el rango de enfermedades abarca mucho más, por lo tanto, es necesario la capacitación y formación desde el pregrado. El presente trabajo busca determinar las actitudes respecto a los cuidados paliativos y la eutanasia en dos poblaciones de estudiantes de Medicina. Objetivo: Determinar las actitudes sobre los cuidados paliativos y la eutanasia según el conocimiento previo en estudiantes universitarios de la Carrera de Medicina y Cirugía, Facultad de Ciencia Medicas, 2019. Material y Método: Estudio observacional analítico, corte transversal, muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, desde Marzo hasta Septiembre del 2019, en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (sede Sajonia), Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Encuesta validada por la literatura. En el trabajo se utilizó el cuestionario validado por Belén Ortiz-Gonçalves et. al. Resultados: Se analizaron 201 encuestas. Edad media de 21,02 con desvió estándar de 1,567 años. El 65,2 % de los encuestados cuenta con instrucciones previas respecto a los Cuidados Paliativos y el 36,3 % está totalmente de acuerdo con recibir los Cuidados Paliativos. El 65,7 % considera que la Eutanasia es aceptable. El 46,7 % de los estudiantes encuestados considera como totalmente aceptable legalizar la Eutanasia. Discusión: La mayoría de los encuestados del 2do curso posee conocimientos sobre los Cuidados Paliativos lo cual es predecible debido a que han cursado la cátedra de Bioética Médica, difiere con los resultados obtenidos en trabajos similares donde se observó que menos de la mitad tiene conocimientos sobre dicho servicio, esto puede deberse a las instrucciones previas que han recibido por parte de distintas cátedras dentro de su formación universitaria. Conclusión: Se encontró que la mayoría de los encuestados tiene conocimientos sobre la Eutanasia y los Cuidados paliativos, además de que dicho conocimiento se encuentra asociado significativamente al curso de los encuestados.

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Authors: Guachalla Olivares Sonia, Tejerina Rivero Laura, Irpa Condori Roly,Ticona Coarite Alice, MSc. Caron Estrada Rosaura

Abstract Introduction: In recent years, an increase in the number of cases of diabetes mellitus has been documented in Bolivia. However, there is little updated information about the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in young and middle-aged people.Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes in people between 20 and 45 years old in La Paz city.Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out in 2018. The Findrisk questionnaire was used to identify risk factors, to the 348 voluntary participants and they were determined fasting, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides in blood. They were applied as the diagnostic criteria recommended by the American Diabetes Association.Results: The prevalences of diabetes and prediabetes were 2.60% and 5.17% respectively. The prevalence of diabetes in the age group of 20 to 33 years old was 1.97% and in the 34 to 45 years old of 4,21%. It was found that, 8.6% of the studied population has moderate risk, 4.6% high risk and 0.3% very high risk and the most frequent risk factors were, the lack of daily consumption of fruits and vegetables and sedentary lifestyle.Conclusions: Given the increase in prevalence, that the main factors found are modifiable and that there are effective interventions that prevent the progression of prediabetes to diabetes and reduce the risk of complications of this disease, periodic screening is recommended in young and middle-aged people in La Paz. Resumen Introducción: En los últimos años en Bolivia se ha documentado un aumento del número de casos de diabetes mellitus. Sin embargo, se cuenta con escasa información actualizada acerca de la prevalencia de diabetes y prediabetes en personas jóvenes y de mediana edad.Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo de diabetes en personas de 20 a 45 años de la ciudad de La Paz.Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, realizado el 2018. Se aplicó el cuestionario de Findrisk para identificar factores de riesgo, a los 348 participantes voluntarios y se les determinó en ayunas, glucosa, colesterol total, colesterol de alta densidad (HDL) y triglicéridos en sangre. Se utilizaron los criterios diagnósticos recomendados por la American Diabetes Association (ADA).Resultados: La prevalencia de diabetes y prediabetes fue 2,60% y 5,17% respectivamente. La prevalencia de diabetes en el grupo etario de 20 a 33 años fue de 1,97% y en el de 34 a 45 años de 4,21%. Se encontró que, el 8,6% de la población estudiada tiene riesgo moderado, el 4,6% riesgo alto y 0,3% riesgo muy alto y los factores de riesgos más frecuentes fueron, la falta de consumo diario de frutas y verduras y el sedentarismo.Conclusiones: Dado el aumento de prevalencia, los principales factores encontrados son modificables y existen intervenciones efectivas que evitan la progresión de prediabetes a diabetes y reducen el riesgo de complicaciones de dicha enfermedad, se recomienda el screening periódico en personas jóvenes y de mediana edad de La Paz

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Authors: Karla Elizabeth Estrada Contreras, Maritza Tinoco Preciado, Erika Daniela Rodríguez Solano

Abstract Background and / or Introduction: Pregestational maternal nutritional status and unhealthy weight gain determine maternal and perinatal risk factors Objectives: To determine nutritional risk by unhealthy weight-gain during pregnancy. Materials and methods:Descriptive-cross sectional study, the nutrition questionnaire for pregnant women and the nutritional survey in pregnancy situations were applied, for nutritional assessment; the body mass index was used under the ISAK anthropometric technique, contemplating unhealthy weight gain. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis. Results: No. 49; averages: age 23,6 years, height 1,58 meters, pregestational weight 66 kilograms, increase 3,1 kilograms, pregestational BMI 26,3 kg/m2, gestational BMI 25,6 kg/m2; 16% had a special diet, suggesting some health condition, which requires it, 14% with gestational diabetes and 2% preeclampsia, 40% of weight gain was unhealthy. Observing that the major nutritional risk was presented by those with lower schooling. According to pregestational BMI 67,7% had overweight and for gestational BMI 57,1% nutritional risk. According to the gestational age of the 30-40 week are the most nutritionally risky. Conclusions and Recommendations: Nutritional evaluation in women of reproductive and pregnant age makes it easy to determine their nutritional risk and identify risk factors for the development of pregnancy diseases and complications. Resumen Introducción: El estado nutricional materno pregestacional y la ganancia de peso no saludable determinan los factores de riesgos maternos y perinatales. Objetivos: Determinar el riesgo nutricional mediante el aumento de peso no saludable durante el embarazo.Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo-transversal, se aplicó el cuestionario de nutrición para mujeres embarazadas y la encuesta nutricional en situaciones de embarazo, para la evaluación nutricional se empleó el índice de masa corporal bajo la técnica antropométrica ISAK, contemplando el aumento de peso no saludable. Para el análisis se emplearon estadísticas descriptivas.Resultados: N=49; medias: edad 23,6 años, altura 1,58 metros, peso pregestacional 66 kilogramos, aumento 3,1 kilogramos, Índice de Masa Corporal pregestacional 26,3 kg/mts2, Índice de Masa Corporal gestacional 25,6 kg/mts2. El 16% llevaba una dieta especial debido a alguna condición de salud, 14% presentó diabetes gestacional y el 2% preeclampsia, en el 40% su aumento de peso fue no saludable. Observándose que el mayor riesgo nutricional lo presentaban aquellas con menor escolaridad. Según el Índice de Masa Corporal pregestacional, el 67,7% presentó sobrepeso y para el Índice de Masa Corporal gestacional el 57,1% riesgo nutricional; según la edad gestacional de la semana 30-40, son las de mayor riesgo nutricional. Conclusiones y Recomendaciones: La evaluación nutricional de mujeres en edad reproductiva y gestantes permite de manera sencilla determinar riesgo nutricional e identificar los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades y complicaciones en el embarazo.

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Authors: Margaret Karem Gheraldine Quintero Irreño

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Authors: Guisela Melanie Poma Ibañez, Sergio Gonzalo Fernández Palacios

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Authors: Diego Mauricio Bados Enriquez, Alejandro Gamba, Patricia Gonzales Huamán

Abstract Introduction: History has shown that international exchanges and academic mobilization have become an important component in Medical Schools all around the world. In Colombia, Medical Faculties recognize the Scientific Association of Medical Students from Colombia (ASCEMCOL) as a strategic ally. It is necessary to analyze how many medical students get an international exchange every year in order to improve institutional politics and create new strategies to keep promoting exchanges to students from our country and all around the world. Material and Methods This study is a cross-sectional observational study in Colombian medical student population, which had an international exchange through SCOPE or SCORE from IFMSA, from 2015 to 2017. The data was obtained from IFMSA where 17 exchanges were through SCORE while 486 belongs to SCOPE. Results. The total population in the study was 503 medical students. After coding and analyzing the data, we found that the students who got an international exchange were affiliated or related somehow to ASCEMCOL. Data states that out of 486 medical students who got an exchange, 70% (341 students) chose America as their preferred destination, followed by Europe with the 21.8% (102 students) ,and Africa and Asia with 4.5% (22 students) each. Conclusion. Consequently, it is necessary to analyze Medical Faculties curriculum in the world in order to introduce exchange programs in countries in which the language is different from their native language.

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Authors: Brenda Marín-Toro, Mariana Blanco-Betancur, Jorge D. Buitrago-Calderón, Sarita Patiño-Valencia, Jorge A. Sánchez-Duque

Abstract Introduction: Mental and behavioral disorders are a prevalente group of high prevalence pathologies that impact the quality of life, and generate significant associated costs due to deficiencies in their prevention and integral management.Objective: To describe the most prevalent diagnoses of mental and behavior disorders identified. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. Patients who consulted the mental health services of the Colombian reference institution were included, who had a diagnosis of mental or behavioral disorder, attended between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017. There were no exclusion criteria. This information was typed in Microsoft Excel 2013 and analyzed in STATA 14.2 software, official version. According to the Declaration of Helsinski this work does not represent damage to the health or prestige of the participants. Results: The institution reported 7 429 consultations associated to mental and behavioral disorders (3 237 patients), of which 56,1 % were women and the 59,7 % were over 18 years of age. Of the consultations, 88,7 % were outpatient, of which 58,0 % were women. Of the consultations to emergencies, 59,3% were women. Anxiety disorders represented 17,1 %, major depressive disorder, single episode 8,6%, and mixed anxiety and depression, 8,1 %. Conclusion: Every day access to mental health services expands, wich increases the number of consultation.

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Authors: Ramón Yefrin Maradiaga, James Nigel Bodden Reconco, Elena María Olay Díaz Del Valle

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease caused by chronic kidney disease may be due to alterations in the PKD1 or PKD2 gene. In Honduras there are no publications of genetic studies. Female patient 57 years old, from Choluteca, Hondu-ras, evaluated in 2017, 20 years ago renal cysts and 15 years ago arterial hypertension; He has 13 siblings, 2 with chronic kidney disease, one died, another in hemodialysis, the cause is unknown. On physical examination asthenic biotype, blood pressure 150/90 mmHg, weight 54 kg, with 2 masses on both flanks, painless, mobile, with nodular surface. Complemen-tary studies with initial creatinine 2.2 mg/dl, hemoglobin 11.6 g/dl, general urine without proteinuria, renal ultrasound lost medullary cortex ratio, multiple cysts, right kidney measures 17x94cm, left 15.4 x11 cm. In December 2018, a genetic profile is sent to Blueprint genetic, California, USA, with a hetero-zygous mutation result for the PKD1 gene in chromosome16 short arm (p) is autosomal dominant.

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Authors: José Vladimir Cavero Alarcón, Evelyn Wendy Torrico Murillo

The main objective of this research was to determine in the medical education the learning styles of medical students. For the study of the monograph, a bibliographic review of original articles published in the last 5 years that were extracted from web pages of reliable sources was carried out. In this work the descriptive method was used, where each article is analyzed emphasizing the prevalence of learning styles, where we find the result: Most medical students have a learning assimilation model and theoretical - reflective learning style. Based on this result, we conclude that although the assimilative model and the theoretical-reflexive learning style are effective in medical learning, at the same time it would indicate an effect when choosing a medical specialty, since this type of students would have preference with physic specialties, therefore, clinical specialties would be detrimental.