Revista de Investigación Agraria y Ambiental

17 - 24

Authors: Yina Jazbleidi Puentes-Páramo,Juan Carlos Menjivar-Flores & Antonio María Ortíz Camacho

The research aimed to evaluate the physiological efficiency of N-P-K in clones of cocoa flavor and self-compatible flavor (CCN-51, ICS-95) and selfincompatible (TSH-565, ICS-39), to determine the ability of dry grain production per unit of absorbed nutrient. The design was randomized complete blocks with five treatments and four replications, the treatments were designed from the level of natural soil fertility (TR-treatment baseline) and this 25, 50, 75 and 100% more nitrogen-Phosphorus- Potassium (N-P-K), corresponding to T1, T2, T3 and T4. The results show that there are highly significant differences between clones for N-P-K nutrients absorbed, exhibiting increased uptake of nitrogen, followed potassium and last match, in this sense, the self-compatible clone CCN-51 showed greater ability to absorb for most nutrients, except phosphorus, however, it is not generally the greatest ability to self-compatible clones with respect to self-incompatible clones. Most physiological efficiency of nutrient use N-P-K appeared in treating one and the lowest production capacity of dry cocoa beans per nutrient unit was presented with the highest nutritional doses in the treatment four, which suggests that higher doses decreases the physiological efficiency of use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium clones.

37 - 45

Authors: Luz Adriana Lince Salazar,Wadi Andrey Castaño Castaño, Andres Felipe Castro Quintero &Fabio Alexis Torres Angarita

The water erosion is considered as the biggest process of loss of cultivable land in the world and it is estimated that the loss is 10 million ha per year. In order to determine the climatic aggressiveness grade and the rain distribution in the coffee region of Risaralda, Colombia, a study using historic data of daily precipitation recorded in 18 stations at Cenicafé - FNC from 1997 to 2011 was carried out. The index of annual rainfall erosivity (R) was estimated using a validated model for the Central Coffee Region of Colombia, which uses the modified Fournier index (MFI). The temporary variability of rainfall distribution was also calculated for every year through the index of precipitation concentration (IPC). 93% of the observations presented MFI higher to 160, indicating that the region was exposed to a very high erosivity. The annual values of R were between 6417 and 11762 MJ.mm.ha-1, corresponding to moderate, high and very high erosivity. ICP indicated that the rainfall distribution is uniform to moderately seasonal, with values between 9,7 and 10,3. The coffee region of Risaralda between 1999 and 2011 was affected by a strong climatic aggressiveness, with increases in April to May and October to November.

59 - 70

Authors: Olga Lucía Rosero Alpala, Giovany Orlando Gómez Cerón & Roger Stiven Moran

This research was realized with the species Cynoscion phoxocephalus which is abundant in the Colombian Pacific Ocean. Although there have been done studies of identification and any population censuses regarding the handmade and industrial apprehensions, reports do not exist on the nutritive habits, indispensable factor in the determination ofthe nutritional requests of the species and its baby’s process in captivity. It considered like target to identify specific nutritive habits by means of an analysis trofodinámico of the feeding of the sea bass or white haircut. Soldier moved forward the study in the Top corregimiento, Good luck, Colombia, with apprehensions or samplings during a period of two years; a monthly pursuit was done in the different apprehensions with a sample of 890 species in study. There established percentage (%) of empty stomachs (EV), being most of empty stomachs (81 %), probably for a high valuation of digestion reflected in the food scarcity in the way which is visualized in a high percentage of the coefficient of emptiness. In the quantitative analysis of the bogey trófico, across the quantitative methods as the numerical method (N %:100 that corresponds to fish and the rest to the shrimp 12 %), method gravimétrico (G % 78 corresponds to fish and 22 % to the shrimp) and method of frequency of appearance (FA % 41 that corresponds fish and the rest of samples 12,4 % to shrimp). Contributions proximales in the nutrition of C. Phoxocephalus confirms its carnivorous habit with a request of 51 % of protein.

83 - 92

Authors: Juan Carlos Henao Zambrano & Olga Teresa Barreto Cruz

Given the steady population growth at the global level observed in the passage of time, there has been perceived the need to have a social scheme where the offer of healthy food is constant and sufficient to settle the existing insufficiencies in the human population. Before this situation, the efficiency of the cattle models of animal production has turned out to be awkward as a result of the competition of the animal species for the nutritive resources that the man consumes. For such a motive, the need to recognize and to characterize new food that they have potential for its use in the animal feeding, has turned into a priority and a responsibility of the countries that possess a big biodiversity. Of the use of the seed of the plant of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) for the oil production, there has been generated a new element that he promises to contribute with the protein suplementación in animals, offering a viable alternative for tropical countries with favorable climatic conditions for the development of the species.

104 - 121

Authors: Catalina Trujillo Osorio & Adriana María Flórez Laiseca

This research article analyzes the importance of the traditional fishing for the economy and the welfare of them homes that inhabit the bank of the river Amazon. Using diaries of consumption and production, there was information about daily income of 23 homes, two riverside communities of the Colombian Amazon. Through the application of quantitative methods found that 78% of family income are dependent on the exploitation of natural resources, 24% is derived from fishing, exclusively, and 81% of the value of the intake of protein is fish consumption. The results give account of the social and economic importance of fisheries ecosystems, and make visible the need to implement actions of conservation and environmental management and fishing to ensure the natural supply of the resource, and this via the livelihood, food security and the well-being of coastal communities.

139 - 146

Authors: Nilsen Leonardo Lasso-Rivas & Isaac Cundumí-Jori

The papa china is an important crop for the inhabitants of the Colombian Pacific region, this crop has a dynamic of production fluctuating with average yields below its potential. In this work we evaluated the effect of the application of organic manure (chicken manure) and the planting density in the growth and production of papa china in the locality of Zacarías,Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. The experimental design consisted in a settlement of completely randomized block design with a split-plot arrangement, with three planting densities (100 cm x 50 cm, 60 cm x 60 cm, and 50 cm x 40cm) and three levels of organic fertilization (high 3 kg plant-1, media 2 kg plant-1, and low 1 kg plant-1). The results showed that the planting distance is the factor that significantly affects the variables of initial development of plant (Height of plant, number of leaves and circumference of the stem). For the variables of production (length, circumference and weight of the corm) it was found that with the planting distance of 100 cm x 50 cm was obtained the best development of production of corms, and the doses of fertilization high resulted in better development in production in plants.

157 - 165

Authors: Isidro Andrés Tejedor Cassiani & Nini Johana Mena

The purpose of the research was the determination of CO as a risk factor for workers in the service stations of the municipality of Pitalito, Huila, Colombia, where measurements were made of the concentrationof CO in the work environments of 9 service stations of petrol, through the gas monitor laptop GX 2009, brand RKI that allows to measure concentration of oxygen, CO, H2S and aliphatic hydrocarbons. These measurements were carried out every 15 minutes during 2 hours in the morning, at mid-day, evening and night, repeating the procedure during the 3 days of 8 working hours. In the first station was obtained an average of $45.32 ppm CO with a standard deviation of 19,47 (37,20 ± 19,47), in the second was obtained 48,82ppm CO and a standard deviation of 25,82 (48,82 ± 25,82), in the third (28.12 ± 24.15), in the fourth (37.05 ± 21,44),in the fifth (10.77 ± 12.56), the sixth (- 30.47 ± 25.05), in the seventh (43,53 ± 30,09), in the eighth (42,55 ± 30,96), in the ninth (27,72 ± 20,99) and finally the average concentrations of CO during a labor day in service stations corresponds to 34,02ppm. It is concluded that the concentrations of CO do not follow a pattern of directly proportional relationship with symptoms manifested by the workers; but many are alterations can be directly related to the time of exposure to the CO.