Vestnik of Vitebsk State Technological University

18-31

Authors: Borozna Vilia, Burkin Alexander, Kozlovskaya Lyudmila, Tsobanova Nadezhda, Goldade Victor, Zotov Sergey

Artificial leather is widely used in shoe industry. Artificial leather is exposed to various influences during wearing of shoes. Existing methodology does not allow to evaluate the technological properties. The objects of the study were artificial leather with a few-layer structure. This article is devoted to issues of setting production to manufacturing, which includes the following tasks: study of the structure, raw material composition and physical and mechanical properties of artificial leathers, development of a methodology for assessing the technological properties of artificial leathers. It gives recommendations on the use of materials in the manufacture of shoes. The article presents the results of a research of the technological properties of artificial leather.

40-51

Authors: Mikhail Kiselyov, Pavel Bohdan, Sergei Monich, Janina Jankina

One of the most important performance indicators of flexible adhesives is the peeling force from the rigid substrate. The most common method for determining this parameter is the method of uneven peeling of flexible material from a rigid plate at an angle of 90о. Devices used today to determine this parameter do not provide high accuracy of measuring the peeling force due to design features. In this paper, a method for determining the exfoliation force of flexible material from a rigid plate with self-regulating maintenance of the exfoliation angle equal to 90о is theoretically justified and experimentally confirmed. As a result of experimental studies using a medical patch, it was found that the developed device allows clearly recording and measuring with high accuracy the exfoliation force of flexible material from a rigid plate with self-regulating maintenance of the exfoliation angle equal to 90±3о.

59-70

Authors: Katsirina Mileeva, Galina Kazarnovskaya

The object of research is flax-cotton yarn with various twists of two linear densities obtained by the pneumomechanical method of formation. The aim of the work is to determine the rational values of the twist of flax-cotton yarn with linear densities of 50 tex and 110 tex, which ensures the best combination of quality indicators. The results of the studies showed that flax cotton yarn with a linear density of 50 tex (65 % cotton and 35 % cottonized flax fiber) and flax cotton yarn with a linear density of 110 tex (15 % cotton and 85 % cottonized flax fiber) have almost the same actual breaking characteristics when twisting from 700 twist/m to 1100 twist/m. The relative tensile load of yarn with a linear density of 50 tex is almost 2 times higher than that of a yarn with a linear density of 110 tex. An analysis of the values of the quadratic unevenness in linear density, in the number of thinning, thickenings, neps obtained with USTER TESTER 5 device showed that the optimal twist for a 50-tex linear density yarn is 800 twist/m, which corresponds to the actual twist of 736 twist/m for yarn with a linear density of 110 tex – 700 twist/m (actual twist – 656 twist/m). Yarns with a linear density of 50 tex are recommended to be used as warp and weft, with a linear density of 110 tex ued as a weft. A technique is proposed for determining the best sample of flax-cotton yarn based on a comprehensive analysis of its properties and quality indicators, determined using the USTER TESTER device.

79-90

Authors: Anatoli Alshanski, Alexej Kotow

The method of calculating convective drying of light industry thin materials based on the A. V. Lykov’s equation of drying kinetics and the B. S. Sazhin’s calculating method of drying is described. Processing of experimental data on wool felt drying, natural leather drying and fabrics drying is presented. Equations for determining the densities of heat flows, the intensity of moisture evaporation, the duration of drying process, and the temperature for the period of falling velocity are given. The values of the heat transfer coefficient and the Bio number for the second drying period are calculated. It was found that under mild drying conditions and insignificant temperature gradients along the thin body cross-section, the Bio number takes values less than one, and the main limiting factor for drying thin materials is the external heat and humidity exchange of the evaporation surface with the environment. It is shown that the relative drying speed is determined only by the moisture content of the material and does not depend on the drying mode. The comparison of the calculated parameters of drying according to the given formulas with the experimental values is given. The mismatch of values is in the acceptable accuracy zone of the experiment.

100-112

Authors: Anastasia Radyuk, Yuri Doylin, Maria Kozlova, Igor Bulanchikov, Alexander Burkin

The article presents technologies for recycling polyurethane foam waste. Various prescription formulations for obtaining materials for various purposes are presented. The latest directions of work in this direction are described. The scientific novelty of the work is presented by the development of new materials using PPU waste with a sufficient level of physical, mechanical and operational properties for the production of shoe soles. The practical value of the work consists of obtaining materials with a certain set of properties that meet the requirements of regulatory documents and are within the framework of traditionally used materials for the shoe bottom.

125-133

Authors: Natallia Skobova, Alena Kosoyan

The range of man-made fibеrs and filament yarn is constantly expanding due to the appearance of new types of polymers and modifications to existing ones. SvetlogorskKhimvolokno Company has released on the textile yarn market about 18 types of new products. For research, the Quick Dry yarn was chosen, the main feature of which is an increased evaporation surface. This effect was achieved by physical modification of the yarn. The research work was carried out to assess the feasibility of combining the complex functional yarn Quick Dry with hydrophobic (polyester) fibers to give the combined yarn hygienic properties. Experimental studies have been carried out on the process of a combined functional yarn on a ring spinning machine, during which rational technological modes are determined, which allow to provide the combined yarn with increased sorption properties. Comparative analysis of the absorbent properties of the combined functional yarns and conventional combined polyester yarns confirmed the feasibility of combining the Quick Dry functional yarn with hydrophobic fibers. The use of combined functional yarns of the analyzed composition for the manufacture of knitted products will improve their hygienic characteristics.

142-149

Authors: Aleksandr Charkovskij, Dzianis Bykouski, Vadim Goncharov

The subject of research is the influence of the thickness of the threads on the shape of the loops in two-layer knitwear. In the course of the work, samples of hybrid knitted cross-over knitwear with threads of different thicknesses and samples of knitted cross-over knitwear with threads of the same thickness were analyzed. Three-dimensional models of these samples were designed. Knitwear made from threads of the same kind has the same loops and uniform structure. The use of threads with different properties for a knitwear leads to a changes in the size and shape of the loops formed by these different threads i.e the greater the difference in size and shape of the loops, the greater the difference in the properties of the threads. The obtained 3D-models clearly demonstrate the degree of influence of the properties of the threads on the structure of knitwear.

159-165

Authors: Alexander Nizhnikov, Vladimir Savenok

The Republic of Belarus lacks energy resources. Local fuels with the necessary heat of combustion to meet heat and power needs are involved in the economic turnover. The purpose of the work is to determine the peculiarities of environmental regulation of power generating plants on various types of fuels. The main task of the study is to identify criteria affecting the assessment of environmental damage to the environment when replacing natural gas with local fuels. An analysis of the operation of power generating plants on different types of fuels shows that their conversion to local fuels leads to an increase in emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air per unit of installed capacity compared to plants operating on natural gas. This transfer should be accompanied by the development of measures to reduce the negative impact on the environment that occurs during the operation of fuel combustion plants on local fuels. A regulatory framework should be developed to ensure effective monitoring in this area. We propose to develop environmental and energy standards that regulate the emissions of pollutants from various fuel combustion plants per unit of power produced by thermal and/or electric energy.

173-187

Authors: Iryna Kalinouskaya

Volumes, variability, speed of generation, variety of social data require new technological ways of their reception, accumulation and processing from analysts and administrative structure of the organization. For these purposes the People Data technology is used, allowing to process the data on the human resources received from external and internal environment of the organization. The analysis of People Data directions used today in HR management has shown the narrowness of technical tools and technological solutions in human resources management. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use software products with Big Data technology based on artificial intelligence. The aim of the research was to study the application of digital technologies by HR specialists in receiving and analyzing social data. On the basis of the conducted research the architecture of the software product was developed, which allows with the help of technologies of personnel profiling by electronic traces in social networks to estimate the degree of readiness of the applicant to fulfill the range of professional duties of the position which they apply for. “HR Analytics” software product on the basis of artificial intelligence is offered for collection and analysis of social data during personnel selection. The advantages of this program are the following: speed, transparency of the process of analysis of the collected information, obtaining an extended list of business qualities and personal characteristics of the applicant, the ease of perception of the final report on the candidate for the position, the ability to export the report in Excel format for further work with the data. The practical applicability of the proposed program in human resources management is considered.

201-212

Authors: Svitlana Kucherenko, Viacheslav Riznyk

The article presents the results of a study of the magnitude and structure of migration flows from Ukraine to Poland. The motives, causes, and trends of emigration processes occurring in Ukraine are analyzed. The factors of the impact of migration on the economy of the countries of exporters and countries of importers of labor are identified. The consequences of the fast pace of emigration for the Ukrainian economy are clarified. Advantages and disadvantages of external labor migration of Ukrainians are summarized.

231-243

Authors: Yuliya Trukhan

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to form a development strategy for the logistics centers of the Republic of Belarus based on the analysis of business processes and the impact of their effectiveness on the efficiency of the logistics centers as a whole. Currently, the problem associated with the formation of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of business processes is the subject of close study of domestic and foreign economists. Increased competition (the emergence of new organizations in the logistics services market) and increased requirements for the quality of services provided become the reason for the need to review methods for assessing the effectiveness of business processes of logistics centers. The formation of effective management systems for logistics centers is a difficult task, which is caused by a significant lag in the level of development of organizations engaged in logistics activities in the Republic of Belarus, and the application of innovative management technologies in practice. The aim of the study is to analyze existing approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of business processes and the possibility of their application to evaluate the effectiveness of business processes of logistics centers. The scientific novelty of the study: on the basis of existing approaches an author’s methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of business processes of logistics centers has been developed.