Vestnik of Vitebsk State Technological University

18-28

Authors: Kazarnovskaya Galina, Samutsina Natallia

The article deals with the issues of creating a structure of competitive jacquard fabrics for household use made of flax. Modern design of jacquard fabric drawings was created with the help of CorelDraw and Adobe Photoshop software packages. Operating time of prototypes of fabrics was carried out in the conditions of RUPTE «Orsha Linen Mill». Drawings of fabrics in the material acquired artistic expressiveness, the structure of fabrics became three-dimensional and relief, thanks to the use of interlacing single-layer, two-layer, two and a half layers simultaneously in one fabric.

37-44

Authors: Rubanik Vasili, Bahrets Dzmitry, Savitski Uladzislau, Urban Vadzim

The work is devoted to the study of ion-plasma coatings of titanium nitride (TiN) used in medicine. In particular, the regularities of changes in the parameters of the crystal lattice, microhardness and biological inertness of these coatings after annealing in air were investigated. It is shown that lowtemperature (≤500 °C) annealing did not lead to a qualitative change in the phase composition of titanium nitride. The hardness of TiN coatings on the steel substrate was significantly dependent on the temperature: it was comparable with the hardness of the substrate at 300 °C, close to the hardness of the substrate at 400 °C and had high, typical for technical use values at 500 °C. The value of the potential difference of samples with TiN coating for all modes met the requirements of the interstate standard for dental metallic prostheses with protective and decorative coatings and varied in the range from 370 to 400 mV.

52-61

Authors: Savitski Vasili, Holubeu Aliaksei, Bykouski Dzianis

The subject of research is the influence of different 3D printing parameters on accuracy and quality of the final product. During the work test models were designed. They were printed for further analysis. Based on the measurements made, limitations on the ability to print small geometric elements of the model are revealed. The influence on the resulting products accuracy of the following parameters of the 3D printer software has been studied: the print quality mode setting; the fill density setting; adjustment of the extrusion ratio. The data obtained can be used for details printing to control their quality and accuracy. The results of the work will be used to develop an application for preparing a 3D model for printing.

74-83

Authors: Matveika Mikalai, Zarapin Vitali, Lugin Valeri, Artimovich Viktor

The purpose of the research is to study the microstructure and chemical composition of the boundary layers of concrete and fiber treated with anticorrosive and anchoring compositions and their influence on the mechanical properties of steel-fiber-reinforced concrete. Using electron microscopy and micro-X-ray analysis, it has been found that the treatment of steel fiber with an anticorrosive composition based on zinc phosphate and orthophosphoric acid, and also with an anchoring composition modified with white clay, leads to the chemical bonding of the cement stone of concrete to the surface of the fibers. The treatment of the surface of the fiber with a clay-modified anchoring composition allows the formation of a mechanically strong layer that combines the contacting phases of the concrete cementitious cement and the anchoring coating on the fiber. The use of the anchoring composition leads to the formation of intermediate layers from the interaction products of the coating components on the fiber and the cement concrete stone, which combine the contacting phases. The strength of the contact zone of cement stone and the strength of its chemical bonding with the anchoring composition on the surface of the fibers makes it possible to pinch the steel filament along the entire length, minimizing the possibility of unobstructed stretching of the fiber under the action of loads, which leads to an increase in the strength of the dispersed reinforced concrete.

95-103

Authors: Yasinskaya Natallia, Kulnev Alexander

Theoretical and experimental studies of the processes of impregnation of textile materials with polymeric binders during the formation of layered composite materials were carried out. Mathematical models have been obtained that allow determining the thickness of the polymer binder on the surface of a textile fabric when joined to the base fabric under the action of pressure rolls. As a result of experimental studies, it was found that for layered textile materials with a top layer of woven fabric the optimum value of the polymer binder film thickness is 0,03–0,06*10-3m. Also, experimentally obtained values of the effective pore radius into which the polymer binder penetrates for textile materials used in the formation of layered (composite) textile materials, is in the range of 20–100 microns.

112-122

Authors: Aliakseyeva Alena

The article presents the results of the labour costs study by the method developed by the author. The methodology is supplemented with indicators of variable and fixed labour costs, as well as the allocation of investment and compensation labour costs for the purpose of managing them. The differences in the mechanism of management of the labour costs types indicated are identified. The methodology was tested on the data of industrial organizations of the Bellegprom concern differentiated by industry. According to the results of the analysis, a discrepancy in the priorities of the organizations’ personnel policy to the modern requirements of an innovative economy and an intensively renewed commodity market, as well as the prevalence of current personnel tasks over strategic personnel priorities are revealed. The results of testing this methodology allowed us to develop recommendations for labour costs managing and improving their structure. In particular, the need is justified to ensure the labour costs financing in accordance with the priorities of personnel policy through the optimization of their structure. The results and recommendations developed can be used by cloth, shoe and textile industry organizations to improve the efficiency of labour costs.

135-142

Authors: Menshikov Vladimir, Volkova Olga

The article presents the basic principles of access to health care from the perspective of economics. The affordability of healthcare implies adequate medical expenses and is based on the principle of equity. Based on a statistical analysis of international survey data provides a comparative assessment of healthcare affordability in Latvia, offered realistic solutions to one of the most pressing problems to improve the quality of life of the population. The healthcare access is determined by two areas of positive development of the country – the economic growth and the institutional maturity, synthesized by social justice. In other words, greater accessibility of medical services for the population can and should be achieved not only by increasing the labor productivity of workers, introducing new technologies and other components of economic growth, but also by adjusting higher-quality state and non-state institutions, their effective interaction along the paths to achieve economic growth and quality of life of the population.

155-159

Authors: Jasińska-Biliczak Anna

Blockchain is not only the innovation or technology, it is very wide notion including lots of scientific disciplines – but without doubt it may have the biggest influence at the economics, especially innovation and entrepreneurship. Article’s aim is the study of the issue of the blockchain idea as the part of the sustainable development concept. To illustrate such undertaken problem there will be discussed the role and a place of blockchain technology in spreading knowledge among enterprises. For achievement of this aim there will be used the literature review from the scope of sustainable development as well as innovation, knowledge transfer and entrepreneurship (desk research). After such stated analysis it is possible to state that blockchain has got the possibility, as an internet at its early beginning, be the common technology used by enterprises in the future. There is also a value that blockchain is usually owned by the public. But the most important is its influence at enterprises development by knowledge transfer security.

12-17

Authors: Gorbachik Vladimir, Bashkina Vladislava

The article presents results of studies of changes in the parameters of shoe last footstep of women's shoes with a particularly high heel. The benchmark analysis of experimental and theoretical data of the change in the amount of shoe last (insole) footstep shear of the shoe in the heel part is made. The shear depends on shoe size and pitch. It is found that the value of the insole shear in the heel part in the series varies insignificantly when the pitch remains unchanged. An increase in the height of the heel part elevation of the shoe increases the insole shear in the extreme dimensions of the series by 5–6 mm. In the series of shoe lasts of high-heeled shoes, the insole shear is 9–11 mm. The constant value of functional allowance set by GOST for shoe lasts in the toe part violates the basic principle of grading, the principle of similarity, which can lead to the fact that in shoes with extra high heels the length of the shoe last footstep will be less than the length of the foot, which is not permissible. The research detected such cases in practice, which proves the need to increase the size of the functional allowance in shoes with extra high heels. The suggestion is made to introduce a system of footwear numbering uniform for all countries, taking into account the wide development of Internet commerce.

24-32

Authors: Kazarnovskaya Galina, Mandrik Alena

The subject of study is to work out two-sided linen two-ply wraps using fragmentary motives of Slytsk belts in the pattern: the compositional analysis of art prototype characteristics was done, the stylization of floral ground that is the basis of the textile sketches collection was detected, the intertwinings for every color effect of two-sided wraps, that were produced on the loom Picanol with the jacquard machine Bonas, were worked out, physico-mechanical characteristics were studied, the assortment of competitively products was expanded.

42-48

Authors: Naumenko Alexander, Karpushenko Inna

The article discusses the possibility of analysis of the degree of floor carpet wear by their reflectivity indicators. It is shown that the wear of floor carpets considerably changes their optical properties. By analyzing these properties, there is a possibility of an adequate assessment of the quality of carpets after a certain usage period. The work presents the abovementioned technique of using the standard photoblocker and a method to construct a luminous portrait of the carpet, which is an assessment of the reflectivity uniformity of carpet surface area.

63-69

Authors: Romanovich Aleksandr, Sunkuev Boris

The subject of the investigation is the determination of forces effecting the cutter during shoe materials cutting with an analytical method. The research is being carried out to improve the accuracy of the design of tooling for a sewing semi-automatic machine. Determination of forces affecting the cutter during shoe materials cutting is done applying analytical method which is based on the representation of forces as functions of the relative deformation of material, numerical integration of these functions, and compilation of a program for determination of these forces. Using experimentally obtained data a technique is developed for the analysis of forces affecting the cutter during shoe materials cutting.

79-87

Authors: Charkovskij Alexander, Goncharov Vadim

The aim of the work is to study the features of the formation of a knitwear three-dimensional structure, including those made using multifilament yarns. Experimental samples of products are made. The peculiarities of the structure of high-volume knitted garments of plush interlacing made of multifilament polyester yarns of JSC "Svetlogorsk Khimvolokno" are investigated. The expediency of using multi-filament yarns produced by JSC "SvetlogorskKhimvolokno" for manufacturing high-volume knitted garments is established.

96-102

Authors: Piatrova-Kuminskaya Sviatlana, Mironava Aliaksandra, Garanina Olga

The work investigated the possibility of combining the antibacterial treatment with the process of dyeing fabrics, containing polyester fibers, using triclosan. A feature of the chosen biocide is its ability to plasticize the polyester structure and facilitate dye diffusion, which will allow to lower the dyeing temperature of 30–40 °C (to 100 °C) or at high temperature dyeing decrease the consumption of the dye due to its greater selectability. It is shown that by using the triclosan color intensity increases while color stability persists. The fact of obtaining antibacterial properties is proved. Triclosan can not only provide a reduction in energy consumption during dyeing but also eliminate the antibacterial treatment at final finishing step. It can be recommended for the dyeing of fabrics that contain polyester fibers.

109-114

Authors: Chepelov Stanislav

The paper describes the criteria of assessment the environmental risk of oil products con-taminate not only for individual water bodies, but also for individual territories, including admin-istrative region and areas where data will be used to compare the environmental load. The aim of the work is to assess the environmental risk of pollution of water bodies in the Vitebsk region with oil products. The catchment areas of the Western Dvina River in the Polotsk and Braslav districts were chosen as a research object. In the developed model, the calculation is made according to four blocks of factors: a block of technogenic factors, a block of natural factors, a block of anthropogenic factors, and a block of factors that depend on the time of the year. A total of 20 criteria have been developed, divided into four blocks of factors.

123-133

Authors: Kasayeva Tamara, Chakhovich Elena

Such a form of housing stock management as an owners’ association is now distributed in the Republic of Belarus. The effectiveness of the activities of the owners' associations attracts the increased attention of various users. At the same time, economic science and practice does not have a systemic integrated approach to assessing the effectiveness of functioning these organizational and legal forms of organizations. The aim of the study was to develop an integrated methodology for assessing the effectiveness of owners’ associations from the point of view of all stakeholders – state, population and directly the association itself as an institutional unit of the national economy. In this paper, the authors proposed an integrated assessment to assessing the effectiveness of activities of owners’ associations, in which frameworks such concepts as "economic effectiveness", "social efficiency", "budget efficiency". From the point of view of economic effectiveness, the activities of the owners’ associations will be effective if the maintenance costs are fully reimbursed by the revenues received. Consequently, the economic effectiveness for owners’ associations is the ratio of the income received and expenses related to the maintenance of an apartment house. On the other hand, the owners’ associations are called upon to meet the needs of the population to the greatest extent. Social efficiency is defined as the correspondence of the results of the economic activities of the owners’ associations to the basic social needs and goals of society, to the interests of the individual. Taking into account that the owners’ associations receive budget subsidies as a reimbursement of part of the maintenance and housing maintenance costs, one can not ignore the budgetary component of the evaluation of the effectiveness of their activities, which can be defined as an indicator of the budget burden as a result of the participation of budget subsidies in the formation of the income of the owners’ associations. The developed indicators on all aspects of the effectiveness assessment make it possible to comprehensively analyze the activity of the owners' associations and determine the reserves for improving the efficiency of the functioning of such organizations. For the generalized estimation of efficiency, an integral coefficient is developed and variants of its interpretation are proposed under different conditions.

149-155

Authors: Kireyeva Alena, Navumchyk Siarhei

The article is devoted to the research of theoretical and analytical approaches to the formation of tax environment. The definitions of tax environment as well as factors that influence it are studied. The main elements and system indicators of tax environment (structure of tax system, tax burden, dynamics of taxpayers, satisfaction with tax services quality) are analyzed. It’s justified that modernization of tax administration in the direction of the improvement of tax environment quality should be focused on the strengthening of the interaction with taxpayers. The conclusions about the improvement of tax environment quality are made.

164-178

Authors: Kraenkova Kristina, Vankevich Alena

The article provides an analytical overview of the prerequisites for the emergence of social entrepreneurship, studied the world experience in the development of social entrepreneurship and the factors affecting it. The conducted researches showed that modern development tendencies promote the promotion of new types of entrepreneurial activity all over the world, including social entrepreneurship. The results of the empirical study were a statistical study of the relationship between determinants that affect the development of social entrepreneurship in the Republic of Belarus, which showed different degree