SCIENTIA MORALITAS International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

14

Authors: Ọmọ́wùnmí Àjọkẹ́ Mordi

A distinctive characteristic of D.O Fágúnwà’s novels is the manner in which they invoke the framework of ideas and beliefs through which the Yorùbá interpret the world. Previous works on D.O. Fágúnwà’s novels dealt with themes, styles, characterization and the use of symbols and language with little reference to the Yoru ba worldview about man, nature and the society. The paper, therefore, examined Yorùbá worldview on the family institution as encapsulated in D.O Fágúnwà’s novels in order to expose the influence of Yorùbá philosophy on his work, which has not been much discussed in literature. The paper adopted textual analyses of data. The five novels of Fágúnwà, namely: Ògbójú Ọdẹ nínú Igbó ìrúnmọlẹ , Igbó Olódùmarè, Ìrèké Oníbùdó, Ìrìnkèrindò nínú Igbó Elégbèje and Àdììtú Olódùmarè, constitute the primary sources of data, while library and archival materials were used as secondary data to complement the texts. Explorations were made into a wide scope of general philosophy as a guide to unveiling the relationship between the philosophical impressions in the novels and the conventional philosophical concepts. The paper established the interrelationship between literature and philosophy. It revealed the Yorùbá worldview as regards the family institution portrayed in Fágúnwa’s presentations of family settings, kinship, and co-wife rivalry. The paper concludes that the Yorùbá worldview which Fágúnwà revealed in his novels is desirable and relevant to all human races, irrespective of the epochs, countries or cultures. Also, the literary presentation in the novels revealed Fágúnwà’s knowledge of the Yorùbá culture, philosophy and tradition which should be distilled and projected in the modern day civic education.

17

Authors: Stelian Manolache

The occasion of 500 years from the beginning of the Protestant Reformation – an event of special importance for the central and western Europe – marked decisively the development of the western civil society in the following centuries, representing a reason for reflection and debate on the place and role of the Church in the ampler process of modernization started in the 16th century. In the Germany of the year 1517, the thesis belonging Martin Luther on the religious consciousness and freedom from the perspective of the public mentality led to the beginning of the later political events, which has as consequences a series of discussions/polemics on the new problem of the relation between the Church and the State and on the role of the modern mentality in this relation. From this perspective, we aim to commemorate the event with an investigation on the evolution and the content of the relations of power between Catholicism and Protestantism, and also an analysis of the radical formulas, of the manner in which the states, on one side, and the Church, on the other side understood to cooperate, cohabitate and confront each other. In fact, the evolution of the relation between the state and the Church can characterise the progress of the society, being, in our case, a pertinent indicator of the manner and the intensity with which the modernity and its values manifested at a certain time in the history of the European culture and civilisation and wider than this.

10

Authors: Cosmin Tudor Ciocan

The era of finding “the real” religious answer by fighting against all other pre-existing religious phenomenon and by ongoing splitage of Christianity—as well as in any other religion—has to become more peaceful and be replaced with the inner search rather than the outer research. This is the main point of not having all religious manifestations compared and dissected in the quest of finding peculiar aspects that might serve as proofs against its designation as “the divine commandment” given directly by God specifically for “certain,” elected people. My point in asking if “there is such thing as a wrong religion” is but to underline the human aspect in building any kind of religiosity, anyone can follow or not, regardless idealist target of its proposal and moreover the divine ownership suggested by its leadership. In this regard, the single factor of research over the religious phenomenon should be the inner relief, comfort, and peace, without external fights, accusations, and slander.

12

Authors: Alexandru Bulearcă

The real payment offer and the consignation are legal forms of voluntary payment, which can be defined as the manifestation of will of the payment obligation’s debtor by means of which he executes, on his own initiative and in kind the pecuniary obligation undertaken, regardless of whether the obligational legal relation is national or has an extraneity element. In other words, the payment defines that operation by means of which an obligation to issue a certain amount of money to the creditor is voluntarily executed by the debtor, in view of terminating the obligational legal relation, with or without extraneity element. Still, the debtor must resort to the institution of the real payment offer and consignation only if he is faced with the creditor’s reticence in receiving the payment or he is in a fortuitous impossibility to accept it. The reason why the lawmaker made such an institution available to the debtor is given by the fact that the creditor’s refusal to accept payment may be due to his intention to charge penalties on the debtor for his late payment. Even in the situation when the creditor would be in a fortuitous impossibility to receive the payment, this fact cannot create an advantageous situation for him, in relation to the debtor of the payment obligation, person from whom he can ask penalties for the delayed making of the payment.

24

Authors: Godina Bojan

The Sola & Tota Scriptura principles in Protestantism no longer have the meaning, which they had in Reformation, but have now been relativized by modern theology. The following article attempts to point out these principles as genuinely Biblical principles that show a great similarity with the fundamental aspects of Husserl’s phenomenology. Comparing Biblical texts and the fundamental methodological steps of phenomenology, the Bible has requested these precise methodological steps in its intrabiblical instruction manual. The biblical statements underline the impression that the whole Bible repeatedly contains different variations of the Reformation principle. In analogy to phenomenology, the biblical references might help us to find “back to the Biblical phenomena”.