Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

34-43

Authors: Ashwani Mishra, Subhash Pande and Anupam Pathak

From a divine creation to a massive complex system, this human body has slowly and steadily becomes less mysterious to us. With the up gradation, sophistication, and modernization of civilisation and technology and continuously changing teachings, and methodology, massively changed the care of both acute and chronic wounds. This article provides an overview of some of the methods employed and some are being used by physicians to enhance the wound healing process. The plurality of wound from Necrotic to malodorous have resulted in a wide range of wound dressings. If we try to define ideal dressing than it should achieve rapid healing at reasonable cost with minimal inconvenience better compatibility and feasibility to the patient. An attempt is made to write a review of the advances wound management dressings, emerging technologies for achieving improved wound healing, novel polymers used for the delivery of drugs to acute, chronic and other types of wound and It also reviews many of the dressings include adherent, non adherent, film dressing ,polysaccharides used in dressing, chitosan, alginates, hydrogel ,Foam dressing .Silicon dressing, deodorize, collagen and Larvae therapy. This review also concerns the requirement for formulations towards achieving optimum physical properties and desired characteristics for an active wound healing dosage form briefly.

48-56

Authors: Nidhi Pandey, Ashwani Mishra and A K Pathak

Ethosomes have been studied as a possible carrier for topical delivery of clotrimazole, an anti-fungal agent. The presence of ethanol in the aqueous compartment of the ethosomal vesicles favoured the encapsulation and enhanced its permeation via the skin because of the synergistic effect of ethanol vesicles and skin lipids. The dimensions of clotrimazole ethosomes depends on the composition and in particular, the mean size 223.31 nm decreases with increasing ethanol concentration(30 ml). Ethosome size exhibited limited dependence on phospholipid concentration.The ethosomal formulations with high phospholipid concentration had high entrapment efficiency(71.48). Very high amount of ethanol content had a lowering effect on drug entrapment in vesicles. Clotrimazole ethosomes showed sustained release of drug from the formulations over a specified period of time. An ideal or best formulation of ethosome is said to be one which gives high entrapment efficiency (ETH6). In this study entrapment efficiency is found to be ehanol-phospholipid concentration ratio dependent. Zeta potential study proved that the above formulation have an excellent stability. By these facts study can be concluded by saying ethosomes formed from optimum phospholipid and ethanol ratio is a promising carrier to improve the bioavailability of clotrimazole even for an extended period of time. These findings are very encouraging and confirms that ethosomes are a very promising carrier for the topical administration of Clotrimazole.

64-69

Authors: Pallav Kaushik Deshpande, Ragini Gothalwal and Anupam Kumar Pathak

Parasitic diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis represent a significant global burden and pose a great challenge to drug discovery and delivery to scientists due to their intracellular nature and disseminated locations. Moreover, poor rate of discovery in the anti-parasitic segment seen in last few decades has necessitated effective management of existing drugs by modulating their delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs) were proposed as drug carriers over 30 years ago and have received growing attention since, mainly due to their stability, enhanced loading capabilities and control over physicochemical properties. This research work emphasized on the biological and biopharmaceutical issues to be considered in the design of delivery strategy for treating plasmodium infection and role of nanoparticles in optimizing the delivery of anti-malarial drugs of natural and synthetic origin. In present study nanoparticles were prepared by using ionotropic gelation with Tpp anions ,liposomes were prepared by using thin film hydration,and phytosomes were prepared using complexing polyphenolic phytoconstituents with phosphatidylcholine.This study through in vitro and in vivo assays indicates that drug delivery system increases therapeutic index of traditional and novel drugs is enhanced via the increase of specificity due to targeting of drugs to a particular tissue, cell or intracellular compartment, the control over release kinetics, the protection of the active agent or a combination of the above.