Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

48-54

Authors: Devika Rawat, Santosh Bhargava

Recently microalgae have become commercially important because of novel compounds of potential medicinal value. Nostocspecies are producers of structurally and functionally diverse natural biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antitumor, algicide, antifungal, enzyme inhibiting, immunostimulant, antiplatelet aggregation, cytotoxic and antiplasmodium activities. Most of the isolated substances from the alga belong to groups of hydrocarbons such as phytane; lipids such as sterol, esters, waxes and free sterols; fatty acids such as dioic acids; derivatives of amino acids such as indole-3-acetic acid and anatoxin A; terpenoids and aromatic compounds such as diterpenoid and anthraquinone; boron-containing macrocycles such as borophycin; arsenolipids such as dimethylarsenic acid; mycosporine-like amino acids such as shinorine and scytonemin; lipopeptides such as cryptophycin-1 and polyketides and several carotenoids; amides, alkaloids, peptides, monosaccharides and polysaccharides. Some extracellular metabolites secreted by cyanobacteria function as toxins or allelochemicals. Apart from these cytotoxic metabolites (e.g. nostocyclophanes, borophycin, elastase inhibitors, antitumor, antifungal agent, antiviral indolocarbazoiles) they produce antimitotic compounds. This article provides an overview of bioactive compounds produced by Nostocspecies.

59-67

Authors: Hitendra Jadon. Ashish Chauhan

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of infection in both hospitals and the community, and it is becoming increasingly virulent and resistant to antibiotics. The recent sequencing of seven strains of S. aureus provides unprecedented information about its genome diversity. Subtle differences in core (stable) regions of the genome have been exploited by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) to understand S. aureus population structure. Dramatic differences in the carriage and spread of accessory genes, including those involved in virulence and resistance, contribute to the emergence of new strains with healthcare implications. Understanding the differences between S. aureus genomes and the controls that govern these changes is helping to improve our knowledge of S. aureus pathogenicity and to predict the evolution of super-superbugs.

77-80

Authors: Vivek Shrivastava, U. K. Jain

The aim of this work was to optimize particle size of Hepatitis B Surface (HBsAg) antigen containing poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) microspheres using the water-in-oil-in water solvent evaporation technique. Effects of manufacturing and formulation variables on particle size were investigated. It was observed that microsphere size could be controlled by modification of PCL concentration in the organic phase, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration in the outer aqueous phase, HBsAg concentration in inner aqueous phase, organic phase volume, and sonication time for primary w/o emulsion preparation. The optimized conditions yielded microspheres with an average particle size of 7.34 μm. Such biodegradable PCL microspheres appear suitable for the use as vaccine adjuvant.

86-91

Authors: Ashish Dixit, G. Garg, N. P. Sharma, D. K. Shrivastava, A. Sharma

Some new [4-[3-chloro-benzylidine]-2-phenyl oxazol-5-one & 4-[2-nitro-benzylidine]-2-phenyl oxazol-4-5-one were synthesized in microwave and there structures were confirmed by I.R. and 1H NMR and their antimicrobial screening against E. Coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were established by zone of inhibition.

2-6

Authors: Shivam Tayal

Cirrcadian rhythm are an adaptive phenomena relating to predictabe changes in environmental factors that regulate many body functions like metabolism, sleep pattern, hormone production and physiology. Synchronizing drug delivery in a consistent manner with body’s circadian rhythm is the basic concept for chronotherapeutic drug delivery system. The safety and efficacy of a drug can be improved by conducting the peak plasma concentration with the circadian rhythm of the body. The time controlled or pulsatile drug delivery systems are the best approach for chemotherapy. It offers rapid and transient release of certain molecules within short period which is a time and site specific drug delivery system. These systems delivers the drug at the right time in the right amount for patient suffering from circadian phase dependent disorders like asthma, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, hypertension, arthritic, epilepsy etc. So various systems like osmotic and coated system are being made.

12-14

Authors: Narendra Singh Kushmakar, Abhilasha Jumnani

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most frequent life threatening complications of diabetes mellitus that occurs approximately 30-40%. It is usually attributed to metabolic consequences of abnormal glucose regulations, such as elevated blood and tissue levels of glycosylated proteins and hemodynamic changes within the kidney tissue. Recently there has been a renewed interest in understanding the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play a key intermediate role in the pathophysiology of DN.

20-24

Authors: Amit M Tyagi , M. P. Toraskar , V. J. Kadam

Some new [ 5-mercapto-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-4-amino substituted-1,2,4-triazole] thiosemicarbazones were synthesized in microwave and there structures were confirmed by I.R. and 1H NMR and their antimicrobial screening against E. Coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were established by zone of inhibition.

31-33

Authors: Juhi Sinha, Devika Rawat, Shobha Shrivastava

Phytoextraction methods can be applied to reach the target of fallow-lands reuse and earn more incomes for farmers. In many studies, Indian mustards (Brassica juncea) were planted in the metal-contaminated soils to study their suitability in phytoextraction. In this pot study, B. junceaplants were planted in artificially Pb-contaminated soils in different concentration of Pb (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg) and find the effect on chlorophyll content and dry biomass of plant. In the present study we find the significant inhibition between the shoots of the control plants and the plants treated with 15 and 20 mg/kg Pb for the dry biomass, G.G.I., and the day 30 chlorophyll evaluation parameters.