IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences

9-16

Authors: POONAM PATHAK

Punjab agriculture has undergone significant structural changes since the advent of green revolution in the mid sixties. Traditional agriculture has progressively given way to modern and commercial agriculture. Agriculture in Punjab has changed its face from the means of subsistence to the source of earning. Commercialization of Punjab agriculture is the outcome of rapid mechanization, use of chemical fertilizers, greater capital formation in agricultural sector and change in the production pattern etc. All this has increased the cost of production and thus making agriculture non-profitable venture. Punjab agriculture is on the crossroads and mounting agrarian crisis has reached alarming heights.

33-44

Authors: KHAMAEL MUHSIN ABED1 & SAAD SALMAN HAMIM2

The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mastitis in sheep and cows in veterinary hospital during the period from August to December, 2014 in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. From a total of 700 milk samples collected from both animals (150 sheep and 100 cows), a positive number of clinical and subclinical mastitis cases in sheep recorded an infection rates of 46 (30.7%) and 60 (40.0%), respectively. On the other hand, in cows, clinical and subclinical mastitis recorded a percentages of (52.0%) and (18.0%), respectively (p≤ 0.01). According to the age distribution of the infected animals, the age groups of (2-4) and (4-6) years recorded the highest mastitis rates in sheep and cows with 75(70.8%) and 55(78.5%) infection, respectively (p≤ 0.01). The highest mastitis cases in sheep and cows was recorded in November with 39(88.6%) and 40 (86.9%), respectively. Rural areas showed the highest mastitis infections for both animals with 149 cases (59.6%) in comparison to Urban areas who recorded less mastitis cases with 101 cases (40.4%). Identification of common bacterial species isolated from all mastitis cases was done depending on morphological, cultural, microscopic characterization and biochemical tests, then confirmed by API system. The results of antibiotics susceptibility test for Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase negative staphylococci isolates showed a high rate of resistance to Pencillin, Oxacillin, Ciprofloxacin, Amoxillin/ Clavulanic acid with a percentage of (100%), (82%), ( 75.5%), (74.5%). On the other hand, Staph aurues and CNS isolates showed high sensitivity to Vancomycin, Piperacillin, and Nitrofuration(80.1),(76.4%),(73.5%), respectively (p≤0.01). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used, as a molecular technique, to detect the prevalence of mec A, Plaz and 16SrRNA genes in CNS (n=64) and Staph. aureus isolates (n=42). The results revealed that all Staph. aureus and CNS isolates were positive for the three genes, except Staph. xylosis which showed a percentage of (93.7%) for mec A gene.

55-58

Authors: ABBAS MOHSIN ABBAS, ZAINNAB ALI KADHEM & MURTADA HAFEDH HUSSEIN

Antiepileptic drugs influence, among others, cholesterol and lipoprotein serum level, we designed this study to assume the effects of dose amount on this parameters. In this study Serum cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL and triglycerides (TGs) levels were measured in eighteen healthy male Wistar rats (150-200 g) ( subdivide randomly to three groups ) after receiving two doses (0.25 mg\kg and 0.5 mg\kg) of Valproic acid (VPA) respectively for twenty day. Compared with controls, rats on (0.25 mg/kg) dose showed nonsignificant reduced TGs, VLDL, Cholesterol and HDL levels, and nonsignificant increase in LDL values, While rats on (0.5 mg/kg) dose showed significant reduced TGs, HDL and VLDL values and nonsignificant reduce in Cholesterol values and non significant increase in LDL values.