IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology

01-06

Authors: ASGHAR MOHAMMAD MORADI, MOHAMMAD ALI KHAN MOHAMMADI & MOJTABA POUR AHMADI

In this paper the relationship of architectural design and building regulations from Bryan Lawson's perspective is examined. Lawson is one of the prominent scholars who since about four decades ago have suggested that design research be used in drawing up building regulations for architectural design. In this research it was attempted to summarize his attitudes towards this issue. According to Lawson the structural tensions between architectural design and building regulations stem from three factors: over specific regulations, badly framed regulations, and the challenge of anticipation. In order to cope with this problematic characteristics building regulations should be general rather than specific, should focus on performance objectives, and should provide the designers with sample deemed to satisfy solutions.

13-18

Authors: RAHUL KAUNDAL, HARVINDER LAL & GURUDUTT SAHNI

Its main functional is to provide the basic structure to the globe valve précised to turbulent fluidic loading and how it maintain its part structure mainly the ring area where the structure optimization to low stress value is a important factor otherwise it may lead to the leakage of fluid through the obstructer and the corresponding contact area.

23-28

Authors: SANJEEV SAINI, GURUDUTT SAHNI & BALPREET SINGH

Surface engineering for tribological applications aims at two basic objectives: · To improve the applications of friction, lubrication and wear. · To modify overall surface hardness. Tribology comes from the Greek word, “tribos”, meaning “rubbing” or “to rub”And from the suffix, “ology” means “the study of” Therefore, Tribology is the study of rubbing, or “the study of things that rub”. The process leading to loss of material is known as "wear". Major types of wear include abrasion, friction (adhesion and cohesion), erosion, and corrosion. Wear can be minimized by modifying the surface properties of solids by one or more of "surface engineering" processes (also called surface finishing) or by use of lubricants (for frictional or adhesive wear). If a component is not completely separated from its counter-face by a fluid film, its tribological behavior critically depends on the properties of the contacting surfaces and hence the choice of contacting materials becomes important. Thus, a material selected on the basis of strength and bulk properties may be unsuitable for its tribological properties. It is well known that wear resistance of surface increases with hardness and hence to resist wear one should go for a material of high hardness. Materials with good tribological characteristics are often very expensive and difficult to fabricate. The method used in surface engineering may be broadly divided into two categories: · Treatment of surfaces · Coating of surfaces.