IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology

1-16

Authors: V. SUBRAMANIYAN, A. SRI BAVANI, I. VIKRAMAN, K. SRIMATHI & R. GOWTHAMI

The present systems of energy billing are error prone, time and labor consuming. The Service Provider for energy uses conventional method for calculating the energy consumed by individual consumer. Now-a-days, automation finds importance in every field. So, E-metering (Electronic Metering) has gone through rapid technological advancements and there is increased demand for an efficient and reliable Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) system. This paper presents a fully automated energy meter. To keep pace with increased necessity of advanced metering infrastructure and near real time, a two way data communication technique between the power distribution company (Electricity Board) and the consumer is used. The proposed system uses PIC16F877A microcontroller. A New interactive user friendly GUI is developed using Microsoft visual studio .NET framework and C #.

25-30

Authors: PREMA S. THOMAS & SATHEESH THOMAS

Technology trends are changing very fast compared to earlier days and it is a challenge for companies in Software development to implement more complex systems at a cheaper cost maintaining better quality. This article analyses some of the common causes for higher cost of implementation and suggest some rules which can help in development lifecycles for cost saving.

37-44

Authors: BISHWAJIT S. CHAKRABARTY

Polypyrrole is a well known conducting polymer whose electrical properties have been studied deeply. Amongst the various ways of polymerizing Pyrrole chemical route was chosen for the present study. Ferric chloride was chosen as an oxidizing agent. Cadmium was found to be an appropriate dopant. Cadmium belongs to group IIB with atomic number 48 having electronic configuration [Kr] 4d10 5s2. An expected substitution of Cd with Nitrogen of Pyrrole would leave a single electron with Cd after bond formation. Thus, creating a probability of polaron and bipolaron band formation. The expected results are reflected in the absorption spectra of the samples with clearly visible broad free carrier tails after 500 nm. Characteristic peak around 350 nm to 450nm is observed in all the samples confirming the formation of polypyrrole. Band gap of samples are found in the range of 2.80 eV to 4.07 eV. Apart from this some of the important optical constant such as absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index and optical conductivity have also been evaluated for all the samples and have been studied as a function of energy. SEM analysis reveals formation of highly spherical polypyrrole with high amount of porosity.

51-60

Authors: ABDULLAH ALHAMDAN, HUSSAIN SOROUR, MAHMOUD YOUNIS & DIAELDIN ABDELKARIM

The present study investigated the effect of three maturity stages on the basic mechanical properties of four date cultivars. Higher hardness values for the four cultivars were found at the Tamer stage relative to the Rutab stage for all basic mechanical properties. Higher hardness values for the four cultivars at the Khalal stage relative to the Rutab and Tamer stages were found using the compression test. Higher hardness values for the cultivars at the Khalal stage relative to the Rutab and Tamer stages, except for the Saqie cultivar at the Tamer stage, were found using the penetration test. According to the compression test, the elasticity modulus and rupture point values for the cultivars at the Khalal stage were higher than the values at the Rutab stage. The compression test also indicated that the elasticity modulus and rupture point values were higher for the cultivars at the Khalal stage than at the Rutab and Tamer stages. The longitudinal hardness values for the cultivars at the Khalal stage were higher than the values at the Rutab and Tamer stages. Moreover, the diametrical hardness values were higher for the cultivars at the Khalal stage than the cultivars at the Rutab and Tamer stages.

69-72

Authors: J. KUMARAN, ALLAMPATI RAKESH & PAWAR AJIT TANAJI

“Cloud computing” became the next generation of IT. The cloud is not simply the latest trendy term for the Internet. Though the Internet is a need for the cloud, the cloud is something more than the Internet. The cloud is where you go to use technology when you need it, for as long as you need it, and not a minute more. You do not install anything on your desktop, and you do not pay for the technology when you are not using it. The cloud can be both software and infrastructure. It can be an application you access through the Web or a server that you provision exactly when you need it. So, lot of people paid their attention towards this new era of IT. Automatically certain security problems will arouse, When the number of users using the cloud. They are either from the server of cloud or any attacker which had an interest to steal the users’ data. This paper provides a solution to identify the misbehaving and properly not working server using the token computation. It verifies the cloud server with the data which already distributed into the server data storage. The computed token checks the signature of the data in cloud data storage. Based on the result this scheme gives the authentication for the cloud data storage server weather it was working properly or not.

81-92

Authors: AHMED ABDEL MONTELEB ALI, ABDELAZIM NEGM, MAHMOUD BADY & MONA GAMAL ELDIN IBRAHIM

Life cycle assessment (LCA) program developments were intended for the construction of life cycle inventory (LCI) database for refrigerators, computers, and general consumer products. But buildings are different from general consumer products for their long life span, and possess different characteristics from consumer goods. Examples of the various programs developed or commercialized for the performance of LCA are Be Cost, BOUSTED, ECOLOGIC, IDEA, PEMS, TEMIS, SIMAPRO, ECOPACK2000, TEAM, OfE, LIFEWAY, LCAiT, GaBi, KCL-ECO, and LCAiT each of them special country-specific, the paper introduce a brief on each program. From aforementioned, Egypt do not have tool to estimate carbon emissions from building LCA, thus the paper sheds light on Be Cost tool to take advantage from it, furthermore to be a guide in creating ECE-LCA‎ Tool. Thus, the main aim of this paper is to develop a tool to estimate the life cycle carbon emissions (Global Warming Potential (GWP)) of the residential building materials in Egypt.

101-106

Authors: LEKSHMY D. KUMAR & B. R. SHANKAR

Cloud Computing is a model for delivering information technology services in which resources are retrieved from The Internet through web based tools and applications, rather than direct connection to the server and resources are provided as long as connected to the web. Cloud Computing has become a viable business and technological proposition because of the significant reduction in both infrastructure and operational costs that it offers when compared to traditional IT services. As cloud computing is increasing its popularity, concerns are being raised about the security issues associated with the adoption of the new model. Data Security is one of the most critical aspects in a cloud computing environment due to the sensitivity and importance of information stored in the cloud. Data resides in resources not in the purview of data owner or one which could be accessed by cloud administrators depending on implementation. This paper discuss about the various data security threats and challenges that are to be considered and counter measures to be taken by organization before moving their information into the cloud.

121-128

Authors: SAVITA MAURYA, B. R. SINGH & M. RADHAKRISHNA

It has been observed that the atomic layer deposition (ALD) and electrical properties of high-K oxides are strongly influenced by interfacial sub oxide formation, making pre and post deposition surface preparation and annealing conditions important. In this paper, we present a systematic experimental study on the leakage behaviour of extremely scaled HfO2 gate stack on silicon, deposited using atomic layer deposition process. The impact of deposition temperature, pre and post annealing parameters and surface conditions on the leakage behaviour in both accumulation and inversion regions is presented.

141-144

Authors: C. JAYA SUBBA REDDY & K. HEMAVATHI

In this paper some results concerning to right reverse derivations on prime rings with char 2 are presented. If be a prime ring with a non zero right reverse derivation and U be the left ideal of then is commutative.

153-162

Authors: ANURAG DUBEY

The paper reviews the technologies available to meet the exhaust emissions regulations for Internal Combustion Engine of, light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, non-road mobile machinery and motorcycles This includes fast light-off catalysts, more thermally durable catalysts, improved substrate technology, diesel particulate filters, selective catalytic reduction, NOx absorbers and lean DeNOx catalysts. The stricter world wide emission legislation and growing demands for lower fuel consumption and anthropogenic CO2 emission require significant efforts to improve combustion efficiency while satisfying the emission quality demands. Ethanol fuel combined with gasoline provides a particularly promising and, at the same time, a challenging approach. Extensive usage of automobiles has certain disadvantages and one of them is its negative effect on environment. Carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM) come out as harmful products during incomplete combustion from internal combustion (IC) engines. As these substances affect human health, regulatory bodies impose increasingly stringent restrictions on the level of emissions coming out from IC engines. Modern combustion techniques such as low temperature combustion (LTC), homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) etc. would be helpful for reducing the exhaust emissions and improving the engine performance. However, controlling of auto ignition timing and achieving wider operating range are the major challenges with these techniques.

173-184

Authors: P. MOHAN1, G. S. SUGANYA2 & T. SIVANANDHAN3

Grid integration of photo voltaic (PV)/Battery hybrid energy conversion system with (i) multi-functional features of micro grid-side bidirectional voltage source converter (μGVSC) (ii) tight voltage regulation capability of battery converter (iii) MPPT tracking performance of high gain integrated cascaded boost (HGICB) dc-dc Converter with quadratic gain and less current ripple are presented in this paper. The PV side HGICB Converter is controlled by P&O MPPT algorithm to extract the maximum power from the variable solar irradiation. This paper proposes a modified Instantaneous symmetrical components theory to the μG-VSC in micro-grid applications with following intelligent functionalities (a) to feed the generated active power in proportional to irradiation levels into the grid (b) compensation of the reactive power, (c) load balancing and (d) mitigation of current harmonics generated by non-linear loads, if any, at the point of common coupling (PCC), thus enabling the grid to supply only sinusoidal current at unity power factor. The battery energy storage system (BESS) is regulated to balance the power between PV generation and utility grid. A new control algorithm is also proposed in this paper for the battery converter with tight DC link voltage regulation capability. The dynamic performance of battery converter is investigated and compared with conventional average current mode control (ACMC). A model of a hybrid PV Energy Conversion System is developed and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategies for HGICB converter and μG-VSC with battery energy conversion system are validated through extensive simulation studies.

193-208

Authors: MAYUR THOMBRE & SNADEEP NAIR

F.W. Taylor, the father of ‘Scientific Management’ who isolated work –study from general range of management work, led the real foundation. World war –II brought new revolutions in the field of the Time Study and work measurement, is now a base line to productivity enhancement, incentive schemes, labour control, material handling, planning and plan and product designing. What so ever is the present from of work, definitively a improved one from past, and to have a possibility of change to get a improved one, this process is going on and remain till the existence of man and hence work.“Synchronized Manufacturing System” is one of the most versatile systems in the present scenario. 3M, Kanban, 5’ S’, TQM, TPM, Single Piece Flow. SMS is the combination of above stated systems. For understanding SMS, we must go through what is called “Conventional Manufacturing System”. The traditional system of production used to follow process based production ethics.

223-232

Authors: ANTONIO VALIENTE BARDERAS & LUCILA MÉNDEZ CHÁVEZ

The authors are professors of Chemical Engineering in the Faculty of Chemistry at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) and work in the so called Laboratory of Unit Operations. In this laboratory the students of the Chemical Engineering take practical courses in which they apply what they have learn in the theoretical courses. The experimental teaching is very important in the significant learning of the students of engineering. It foments the interactivity and the participation of the students, propitiating that they acquire knowledge, dexterities, habits and attitudes. In this work an experiment of flow of fluids is presented by means of which the students could acquire the significant learning when facing a classic experiment. Among the practical exercises with apparatus and equipments, the authors are interested in the field of unsteady state in fluid flow. This kind of flow is present, for example in the discharge of tanks. In this article we present some experiments that the students perform and which can be controlled automatically and related to the theoretical models.