IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology

9-16

Authors: R. G. SAKTHIVELAN & ASHIBA SUNDARAM

In Database outsourcing paradigm, the authentication of the query results at the client remains a challenging problem. Existing system focuses on the Outsourced Spatial Database (OSDB) model and propose an efficient scheme, called VN-Auth, which allows a client to verify the correctness and completeness of the result set. This approach is based on neighborhood information derived from the Voronoi diagram of the underlying spatial data set and can handle fundamental spatial query types, such as k nearest neighbor and range queries, as well as more advanced query types like reverse k nearest neighbor, aggregate nearest neighbor, and spatial skyline. In VN-authentication framework system the authentication of the mobile clients usually have low selectivity (i.e., the user is interested in very few results) but require less time to response. If the query selectivity is high it requires more time for a response and it becomes the major difficult in VN-auth. Hence proposed Merkle Hash Tree (MHT)-based approaches with VN-auth to reduce the time complexity when query selectivity is high. Merkle Hash Tree (MHT)-based approaches with VN-auth is named as VMN-Authentication framework. The Merkle Hash Tree (MHT) tree is constructed and signed by the certification authority and then distributed to untrusted directory services. Entities wishing to verify the validity of a certificate can query such a directory service and have confidence in the correctness of a response by using the returned data to verify the certificate authority's signature. Also it reduces the complexity of the system. In the extreme case where the client retrieves the whole database, the MHT approach would only return the root signature, while VN-Auth would need to return 6.n neighbors, where n is the database cardinality.

23-32

Authors: AMANDEEP KAUR & NEETU GUPTA

In this paper, the polarization mode dispersion in eight channel WDM system is evaluated by considering one even channel and one odd channel performance parameters like BER and Q-factor. As PMD effects transmission at high bit rates so it is compensated with the help of fiber bragg gratings at different distances by controlling the polarising angle with the help of polarization controller at ellipticity =+45/-45, azimuth=0 corresponding to right hand/left hand circular polarization technique and analyse BER, Q-factor and eye diagram of WDM system. The overall results shows improvements in performance of WDM system.

45-50

Authors: MAYURA M. YEOLE & VISHVAS A. JAGTAP

Plastic is everywhere in today’s lifestyle. It is used for packaging, protecting, serving, and even disposing of all kinds of consumer goods. With the industrial revolution, mass production of goods started and plastic seemed to be a cheaper and effective raw material. Hence improper disposal of plastic leads to problems like Acquisition of land under waste plastic, human problems as breast cancer, reproductive problems in humans and animals, genital abnormalities and even a decline in human sperm count and quality. The molten plastics waste exhibits good i.e. waste plastic and bitumen used suitably in preparation of flexible road construction as per by Ductility test IS 1208—1978. In binding property Use of plastic along with the bitumen in construction of roads not only increases its ductility and smoothness but also makes it economically sound and environment friendly. The ductility test gives the standard value of ductility of homogeneous mixture this paper the results of laboratory ductility tests of bitumen with increasing percentage of waste plastic have been discussed.

59-72

Authors: ANTIMA SAHALOT & SAPNA SHRIMALI

A salesperson desires to travel from a city to all the other cities exactly once a time to sell his products and return back to the city where he started from. He wants to cover this in minimum time with minimum distance while travelling. This paper discuss on a proper path of travelling Salesman. TSP is an application of graph theory. In the term of graph theory, given a list of cities and their pair-wise distance, the task is to find a shortest possible tour (Hamiltonian Cycle) that visits every city exactly once. Even though TSP is an easy to understand, but it is very difficult to solve. Researchers have proven that Travelling Salesman Problem is NP-complete. This paper explains a simple demonstration of the uses of modern graph theory by formulating a “plan of travel” between five metro cities: Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Sheila, and Ahmadabad. The procedure included the utilization of the four major algorithms in graph theory to create a “plan of travel” that would model the more sophisticated technology used by computer system like map quest. This paper focused on finding the route with the lowest cost and the route with smallest distance. We also study the history and growth of TSP by graph theory.

79-84

Authors: NEETU GUPTA & AMANDEEP KAUR

Space-time block codes are used for MIMO systems to enable the transmission of multiple copies of a data stream across a number of antennas and to exploit the various received versions of the data to improve the reliability of data-transfer. Space-time coding combines all the copies of the received signal in an optimal way to extract as much information from each of them as possible. However, wireless devices are range and data rate limited. The MIMO Alamouti scheme is an ingenious transmit diversity scheme for two transmit antennas that does not require transmit channel knowledge. Maximum likelihood decoding is achieved in a simple way through decoupling of the signals transmitted from different antennas rather than joint detection. In this paper, we have evaluated the performance of space time block codes with increased order of pseudo random number generator using different modulation techniques, for which the results have been verified through Matlab simulations.

99-104

Authors: AYOOLA AYODEJI, WONDERATTAH & STEPHEN IDONGESIT

This research is concerned with the conversion of the waste palm oil and jatropha oil to fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel)by method of trans-esterification with methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxideor potassium hydroxide catalyst (and their combination in varied proportions). For reaction time of 90minutes at a reaction temperature of 60⁰C and catalyst weight of 1gram, it was observed that maximum yield of 94.8% and 92.6% were obtained from palm oil and jatropha oil at a methanol to oil moleratio of 10:1. All biodiesel samples were tested according to ASTM B100 standards to ascertain their properties as commercially usable biodiesel, and all samples were found to comply with the standards.

113-124

Authors: ZDZISŁAW W. PUŚLECKI

In this research work, Author focus on the analysis of the trade interests in contemporary political economy. In last time foreign trade policy has been strongly affected by the force of the world economic crisis. Trade distortions revenues and protectionism played important roles in the politics of political parties. What indicates the importance and innovativeness of the research is the presentation of the new aspects of the political economy models of the foreign trade policy and trade interests in the political economy. First of all it must underline that in the new theoretical terms in the demand for trade policy very important is factor specificity. The low specificity of factors means that factor returns are equalized throughout a region’s economy. On the other hand, the Ricardo-Viner assumes that some factors are stuck in their present uses; therefore, factor returns are not equalized throughout a region’s economy, but are industry specific. Trade policy coalitions should form along the lines of exporting versus import-competing industries. The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of the political economy models of foreign trade policy, trade interests indicated by export orientation and import sensitivity, protectionistic pressures in different political system and different types of authoritarian regimes. It must be emphasis that on a theoretical level, understanding the choice of trade policies between liberalizm and protectionisme is very important. It should be stressed that free trade in itself is not responsible for economic growth, but more significant are the determining macroeconomic stability and increasing investment.

133-142

Authors: B. C. SURVE, AMIT KELOTRA & MANOJKUMAR DESPANDE

This research work focuses on evaluating location specific performance of PV panels for solar energy conversion to electrical energy. The proposed system facilitates plant designer to identify suitable location to improve efficiency of plant to meet energy demands increasing day by day. The paper illustrate the web based software system that constituted by components such as Neural Network and Google Map Interface. The system use climatic data for specific region, supplied by satellite for training of NN. Then this system evaluates seasonal performance of the PV module at any location within the specific region for which system is trained.

151-164

Authors: ABBAS H. SULAYMON & HAYFA'A L. SWADI

Through easy and environmental friendly processes, equisetum horsetail was used to produce biosorbent materials. This equisetum based biosorbent was investigated for the removal of Hg2+ and furfural from simulated waste water using granule equisetum horsetail. Many isotherm models were used for single component and binary system. Langmuir model gave the best fitting for the single system (R2 Fu= 0.9946 and R2Hg2+= 0.9935), while the binary system was fitted successfully with extended Langmuir model (R2 Fu = 0.9977and R2Hg2+ = 0.9969). For kinetic study, Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intra-particle diffusion and Elovich were chosen. From the results, the pseudo-second order model was well fitted for Hg2+ and furfural (R2 Fu = 0.9942 and R2Hg2+ = 0.9910). The biosorption thermodynamic indicated that the biosorption of furfural and Hg2+ontobiosorbent was exothermic reaction. Desorption of Hg2+ and furfural from simulated wastewater was obtained when using 0.1MNaOH and HCl.

175-180

Authors: MUSA M. AHMED

To gain insight into the challenges of SOSE issues, a good understanding of its features is imperative, this paper reports a systematic study of the difference between the Traditional Software Engineering, TSE, and Service-Oriented Software Engineering, SOSE. While TSE follows the SDLC formally, SOSE uses services as building blocks. In TSE, group of programmers work together through “Design-Development-Testing” circles, SOSE’s roles are divided into service consumer, service broker and service provider and employs “Discovery-Decomposition-Evaluation” circles. Services are dynamically discovered and composed in SOSE whereas requirements are set at the beginning and delivered at the end of the project in the case of TSE. Seven of such differences are identified in tabular format and followed by some recommendations.

189-202

Authors: PRAVIN DAHIPHALE, P. K. SINGH & K. K. YADAV

The drainage characteristics of the Jaisamand catchment have been studied using Survey of India’s topographic sheets of 1: 50,000 scales. The drainage pattern for delineated Jaisamand catchment was exported to ARC/GIS-10 software for morphometric analysis. The parameters computed in the present study includes stream order, stream length, stream frequency, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, stream frequency, form factor, circulatory ratio, elongation ratio, relief ratio and ruggedness number by standard methods and formulae. Then prioritization of different sub basins according to the order in which they have to be taken for treatment and soil conservation measures carried out. The total length of stream segments is maximum in first order streams and decreases as the stream order increases. The total stream length in the Jaisamand catchment is 7351.83 km. The values of the stream length ratio vary from 2.31 to 6.29 for the whole Jaisamand catchment. The relief of the catchment is 413 m and it varies from 83 m to 413 m in the sub-basins of the study area. The drainage density in the whole basin and sub-basins of the study area shows variation from 2.33 to11.50 km per km2 suggesting high drainage density.