IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature

1-12

Authors: Surabhi Awasthi

Manual scavenging is a stark reality of contemporary India. The aim of the study was to understand the socio-economic status of scavengers residing in Sitapur District (UP). The study includes men and women who are or have done manual scavenging at some point in their lifetime. As the first act of deconstruction of dry latrines came 22 years ago in 1993, it was imperative to understand the transition from dry latrines to sanitary, the lives and day to day struggles of manual scavengers and also the continuation of caste-based occupation in form of sanitary toilets. The study was quantitative in nature with a descriptive design and a sample size of 60 men and women. A primary method of data collection was adopted following the semi-structured interview schedule. Literacy level among the manual scavengers is found to be minimal. 57 percent were illiterate and are unable to take primary level education due to poverty and simultaneously drop out of school. 48 percent of respondents are unable to afford to school for their children. 93 percent of the respondents have no other source of income whereas 87 percent deny the feasibility of other alternative occupation due to the existence of untouchability.

17-22

Authors: Palash Majumder

The primary purpose of the study is to focus on the current status of the school inspection system prevalent in West Bengal. Through a survey, it was tried to determine the positive and negative sides of the school inspection system in West Bengal. The main aim of the study is to get an overview of the whole inspection system. What are the deficiencies of the inspection structure, what are the needs of the system for its betterment are some of the aspects that have been discussed here. The perception of the teachers about the inspection is also discussed here.

29-40

Authors: Rabia Ismail

A School Development Plan (SDP) is the product of an on-going process where the principal, in consultation with key stakeholders, reviews the effectiveness of the whole range of educational experiences provided for students in the school and prepares a vision and plan for continuous improvement in the short and long term future (ANTRIEP, 2011). The definition suggests that it is a cyclical process, through which the head, in consultation with others, reviews the current needs of the school, envisions a better future, establish priorities for development and evaluates the implementation leading to a further review and a new set of priorities. In India, according to the Right to Education (RTE) Act 2009, every Government or Government-aided School is supposed to prepare a mandatory School Development Plan as one of the Functions of School Management Committee. The rationale behind the addition of School Development Plan in the RTE Act is its holistic view. According to SSA-Framework for Implementation of Right to Education Act (2011) “It is a Master Plan and Base Document for school’s educational as well as infrastructure work along with its development in phases. It implies that it comprises of both the educational and infrastructure aspect of school and is a whole School Development Plan”. The SDP is visualized as a comprehensive plan focusing on all aspects of School e.g. Protection of children’s rights, Infrastructure, Teacher availability, Classroom transaction and Child assessments, Inclusiveness, etc. Hence, School Development plan plays an important role in school improvement. School head plays an Important role in School functioning. In Indian Context, he/she plays a wide variety of roles in School. They look after Academic issues, Administrative tasks, Managerial duties (Akhtar, 2000; Govinda, 2002; Seetharaman, 2001). They also play an important role in the formulation and implementation of school programs (Voorhis and Sheldon, 2004; Berua, 2001). He/she prepares a School Development Plan with SMC and Implement it with the help of Colleagues. Therefore, they can also play important role in formulation and implementation of School Development Plan, which in turn leads to School Improvement. Hence, the process of formulation and implementation of School Development Plan was explored studying the role of School head in the whole process. The purpose of the study was to explore the process of formulation and implementation of School Development Plan in schools to find outhow much policy directives are transformed into school practices. Also, the role played by the school head in the whole process.

51-58

Authors: Rafraf Shakil

John Steinbeck’s novel of Mice and Men embodies multiple levels of themes in spite of its brevity. It presents many major issues of the then prevailing conditions of America during the Great Depression and contains several worthy themes related to social and political upheaval. It continues the recurring themes in Steinbeck’s fiction written in the 1930s and 1940s like Tortilla Flat, the Pearl, Cannery Row and Grapes of Wrath. Like the other works were written during the Great Depression the novel touches on several themes: the American dream, the loneliness and isolation, the powerlessness and economic injustice, friendship and human nature. The novel gives voice to the working class of California during the 1930s.of Mice and Men is a story chronicling a few days in the lonely lives of two migrant workers, George Milton and Lennie Small, a story about their dreams and aspirations and the circumstances and forces that work against them. The relationship and the affectionate bond shared by George and Lennie open many types of interpretations for critics. It is a kind of protest against the life condition of migrant workers. The effective ending of the novel is particularly climactic and shocking however it additionally gives a lesson in comprehension of the awfulness and the tragedy of life. The present paper aims to highlight multiple themes and concerns represented by the Nobel Prizewinning author John Steinbeck in his little masterpiece, ‘Of Mice and Men’. “In every bit of honest writing in the world, there is a base theme. Try to understand men, if you Understand each other you will be kind to each other. Knowing a man well never leads to hate and nearly Always leads to love. There are shorter means, many of them. There is writing promoting social change, Writing punishing injustice, writing in celebration of heroism, but always that base theme. Try to Understand each other”. John Steinbeck in his 1938 journal entry

71-76

Authors: Lei Ma

I argue that the transformation of the problem domain will inevitably lead to the theoretical breakthrough and transition of philosophy and science. Democritus’ philosophy of atomism had induced a change of the scientific problem domain. The mechanistic view of nature in modern science has resulted in a philosophical problem domain. From the perspective of quantum mechanics, some synthesis of Democritus’ atomism and Leibniz’s monadism may avoid their respective shortcomings, thus exerting a far-reaching influence on advancing the study of matter and consciousness. It is shown that a certain cross-shaped pattern constitutes a complete understanding paradigm of the universe life, so that science and philosophy in the novel paradigm can reflect and complement each other.

91-100

Authors: Swaty Wadhwa & Sonal Pahwa

Workplace spirituality is gaining attention in recent times. Though the combination of workplace culture and spirituality is difficult to understand, still inter-play between them has fascinated both practitioners and academicians. Workplace spirituality provides benefit at two levels i.e. individual and organization. At the individual level, it improves the creativity, thinking capacity along with improving honesty making them more trustworthy. At the organization level, also, it improves overall organizational performance. Overall, the positive impact of spirituality is being taken into consideration but this paper also attempts to see the other dark facet of the workplace spirituality as this can’t be over looked and it has an impact on the actual organizational effectiveness.

105-114

Authors: Shabir Ahmad Malik& Vikas K. Jambhulkar

China’s bilateral relations with Russia can be traced back to the Cold War period wherein various ups and downs were seen in the mutual partnership. On the other hand, branded as an all-weather friendship, Sino-Pak strategic and diplomatic bond has always seen significant gains. Since, both China and Russia are antagonists of the US existence in their immediate neighborhood and, hence, the rising Indo-US strategic partnership has compelled them to get strongly knotted into an unbreakable bond. In this fashion, a paradigmatic shift in Russia-Pak relations was witnessed after the duo strategically came closer to each other. In other words, a new triple alliance in the form of China-Russia-Pakistan has been in offing. Consequently, the main target of the imminent triple alliance would be none another but to counter the rising Indo-US strategic maneuvering in the Indo-Pacific region in general and South Asia in particular. Hence, the main focus of this study would be on analyzing the formation of the triple alliance and its consequences on both Indo-US ties as well as the regional security order.

121-132

Authors: G. Kiran Kumar & Chikkamanju

The main aim of the study was to identify the process of dissemination of agricultural information through mass media to the farmer community. The study population consists of 1687 farmers having educational qualification of above seventh class. The survey method using the questionnaire as a tool was adopted to the collect necessary data. From this study, it is clear that farmers consider television as the most important mass media which disseminates information pertaining to their needs. Farmers also depend on traditional mass Media like magazines, newspaper, and radio. Farmers are less aware of agricultural supports available via the Internet.

137-142

Authors: R. Silambarasi & G. Sundharavadivel

This paper analyzes the level of job satisfaction among employees of Checkpoint ALS India Pvt Ltd along with the consideration of gender, age and experience differences. The modified Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) was used to gather data about the job satisfaction of respondents. The results indicate that the almost majority of employees are satisfied or highly satisfied with their jobs. Motivational factor is the most significant factor of job satisfaction to the employees of Checkpoint ALS India Pvt Ltd. Level of job satisfaction does not differ significantly between male and female employees. However, there are significant differences in the level of job satisfaction among various age groups of employees.

147-152

Authors: Binu B.L

Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally about what to do or what to believe. It includes the ability to engage in reflective and independent thinking. Thinking critically is the ability to analyze a concept objectively, considering the facts and differing perspectives to reach a sound, logical conclusion. The constructivist teaching techniques, peer tutoring, scaffolding, cognitive apprenticeship, co-operative learning etc allows people to take change of their own learning knowledge about peer tutoring concerns a person’s knowledge about personal cognitive resources and the compatibility between himself or herself as a learner and learning situation. Peer tutoring strategies facilitative learning how to learn. The investigator finds out the effectiveness of peer tutoring strategy for the development of thinking skill such as critical thinking, creativity, and problem solving among students at secondary level. A teacher can read by arranging for abler pupils to help less able one within a single class. The aim of the study was to find out whether the peer tutoring strategy is more effective than the prevailing method in teaching mathematics at the secondary level. With the support of their tutor and fellow students, learners must become skilled at assessing each source of information to determine its merit before using it as a reference. By helping students to cultivate critical thinking, we are sowing the seeds of a generation with a better-thinking capability that can help society

171-180

Authors: N. Saranya & R. Gunavathi

Sentiment Analysis is the process of determining whether a piece of writing is positive, negative or neutral. It’s also known as opinion mining, deriving the opinion or attitude of a speaker. A common use case for this technology is to find out how people feel about a specific topic. Many methods and approaches were implemented for this sentiment analysis. This paper works with TELM for the better performance and accuracy of the sentimental analysis. Twin Extreme Learning Machines (TELM) are the extension of Extreme Learning Machines (ELM). This approach gives the good result when compared to other techniques. Here the comparison is made among TELM, ELM, SVM and TSVM also experiment shows that TELM has better accuracy than others.

189-194

Authors: Gurpreet Singh

Human life is a solemn stage of the soul's perpetual voyage where the later attempts to shed its false impositions of gone lives and their resulting consequences. The individual soul has been separated from its source since times immemorial and has seen the various shades of grieve and gaiety. However, the internal thirst is not quenched, and the individual soul is attaining different attires of assorted colors materialised in the forms of gender, color, race, faith, and places of nativity. The end of this endless journey is assumed in Indian philosophy as the attainment of transcendental bliss (Ananda). The standard stage of human life is the state of internal darkness. This darkness is the manifestation of widespread ignorance (Agyaana) in the mental and spiritual spheres of an ordinary person.

207-218

Authors: T. Shemeera Kunhu & B. Johnson

The Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997 by 192 countries as the international community wanted to make drastic changes in the way the environment is treated by decreasing the level of emissions. Under the Kyoto Protocol, various market-based mechanisms were developed for the reduction of greenhouse gas. This reduction in greenhouse emission is measured and carbon credits are allotted for the same in the ratio of 1 carbon credit certificate for reduction of 1 ton of carbon. Such carbon credits can be sold in the international markets to those emitters who are not able to fulfill their commitments. Thus the Kyoto Protocol has established a flexible broad-based international mechanism that provides a valuable starting point for shaping efficient climate policies in the world. It has created an entirely new product which can be traded on the exchange. When the carbon credits are earned and sold in the market the concerned companies’ have to show them in their financial statements. Thus trained financial professionals are required who have adequate knowledge about the method of carbon credit accounting and the way in which it has to be disclosed in the financial statements. This study is an attempt to understand the level of awareness among the academicians and professionals about climate change and carbon credit accounting.

225-236

Authors: Prashant Singh

India is one of the G-20 major economies and a member of the five major emerging national economies (BRICS). The economy of India is the seventh largest in the world. In 2015, the International Monetary Fund reports that in the last two decades, the average GDP growth rate over 5.8% and this fast-growing economy, which has attracted many foreign companies to settle subsidiaries in the country. Based on this background, this report gives a detailed analysis about the sourcing of human resources of subsidiaries and international training about subsidiary companies. In the first part of this report, it gives the information about the size and features of Indian labor market, the governmental institutions, and the laws which are settle to create a fairly protective legislative environment for both employers and employees. The religion and caste influence the Indian business culture so much and because of this reason, in the second part, this report explains the major cultural characteristics by describing the society culture and business culture of India. In the last part, this report analyses situations about the sourcing of human resources by comparing expatriates and local executives. It also analyses international training of subsidiaries in India and suggests the companies provide relevant training programs.

251-256

Authors: K. Nachimuthu

A digital text and images are designed for display on web pages which is suitable for particular audiences are called as ‘e-Content’. E-learning is a process and e-Content is a product. For the e-Content development aspect, each one is used to develop the phases’ viz., analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Types of contents are based on three bases viz., according to uniqueness; format and interactivity. The main aim of the study is to develop and validate an e-Content and to find out the effectiveness of it in Botany subject. 174 eleventh standard samples were used. The author concluded that teaching through e-Contents were an effective manner and the application of e-Content in teaching learning process had a significant impact on Botany.

269-278

Authors: Bikash Barai

Technology has now become an integral part of educational practices. The present study is an effort to understand the relevance of K-Yan in the teaching-learning process at government schools of West Bengal. The author conducted a qualitative research to understand the opinion and experiences of ten teachers who were using K-Yan for a considerable period of time. The study revealed that K-Yan is a very useful tool that helped in transforming the traditional methods of teaching-leaning towards more effective, joyful and activity-based learning.

289-296

Authors: Shyamal Chandra Sarkar

The Gram Panchayat of South Berubari was in the district of Jalpaiguri and under the jurisdiction of Kotwali Police Station, West Bengal, India. Since the independence of India in 1947, the name of South Berubari was published as news headlines time and again. Berubari issue was a most sensitive and patriotic issue during the second half of the twentieth century. The problems of people of berubari originated after the partition of India. The aim of this work is to highlight how the berubari-Bangladesh international boundary problems originated and developed.

305-312

Authors: Monalisa Ghosh

In 1921 Gandhiji came to Assam on the invitation of middle-class Assamese and the movement spread towards the grass root. It was true that the charismatic character of Mahatma attracted Assamese to involve in national movement mentally Mahatma created a history in Dibrugarh. When Gandhiji fired the British clothes and things, whole Assam was flooded with the tide of anti-British movement. The agitation opened the path to Swaraj. The three movements- Non-Co-operation, Civil Dis-Obedience and lastly Quit India led by Gandhi made the Assamese revolt a real blow against the British. Common people including women and youth involved deeply in the Gandhian Movement. Student Sector also participated actively by agitation, picketing, boycotting foreign goods and with other organized programs.

319-324

Authors: Amarjeet

India is a developing country like all other developing countries; this country to is facing the twin problem of their nourishment and unemployment. The vital need of the hour is to produce and grow material which helps the Indians in removing the ill effects of undernourishment. The calorie intake of an average Indian is very low, so the dietary supplement is a must for India, which is a poor and half starving nation. The development of the poultry industry will go a long way in providing nutritious food to the millions of Indians it will help in their economic uplift and will also provide new vistas of employment. Poultry farming is developing in India day by day; it has brought a drastic change in our economy, but farmers face so many difficulties in it.It is not an easy job to the farmers, because many Chickens dies during the poultry farming. There is a lack of knowledge to farmers about the environment and feed in the farming. This paper is an attempt to highlight the physical environment for poultry farming with special reference to Ajmer city.

337-344

Authors: Biswajit Das & Amiyoparamanik

The basic aims of this article to explore the impotent and necessity of the disaster management. The study proposed an ideal model for the disaster management of the academic environment. It focused on categories of the disaster like man-made and natural disaster and light on the usefulness of disaster management tools through well-structured questionnaires used to collect the data. The study focuses on the important of the awareness program (Literature, workshop, Lecturer, Training, and Conferences etc.)among the library professionals and library members of the academic library environment. The study also lights on the communication medium of disaster responses after, during and before of the incident. Data collection has been done through structure questionnaires with a personal interview

347-352

Authors: Binu Singh NAAS Rating:

Technology has existed in one form or the other from the very beginning of human civilization. Throughout human history, science and technology have been developed in order to meet the challenges of natural environment, to meet human requirement and to provide solution to the problems faced by societies. The Internet is quickly emerging as a new defining line in society. Access to ideas and information transmitted electronically and to the growing online marketplace available through the Internet will be essential for the development of communities, cities, regions, and nations. Many parts of the country are going to benefit from the Internet, but many areas are going to become electronically improvised, cut off from rest of the civilization without phone lines or computers necessary to sustain modern industry, agriculture, education, or even culture. The paper is from one of the chapter from my Ph.d thesis :Impact of Internet on Society: A Sociological Analysis which analyzes the usage of Internet for sharing their daily needs. How Internet is helping them to share their problems, worries and advice with friends and family.

367-374

Authors: Er. Biswa Prakash Jena, Er. Pradeep Kumar Sahoo, Sudarsan Sahoo, Lopamudra Behera & Sureswar Dash

Over the last decades, the microfinance sector has achieved worthy progress in India. So to be successful in competitive market organizations need to entice, train and engage individuals, who can manage the business operation, i.e. responsive to customers & opportunities in the market. This paper finds to study the current employee retention in the microfinance industry in India and to understand the problems of employee turnover faced by the industry. The importance of HRM has changed a lot in the past years due to the competitive environment and theneed for new business requirements, the scope of HR activities has increased. The role of MFI is to give financial support through different services to lowincome clients and thus businesses have to give importance to HR practices for retaining the employee in order to serve the needs of clients. This emphasizes the importance of personnel management. In this paper issues related to employee turnover faced by MFI are studied closely & gaps are identified from the observed data. It is found out that MFI needs to focus more on training assessment, better compensation structure & women-friendly policies for implementing in the Workforce.

381-388

Authors: Gurmeet Singh Sikh & Karan Sanghvi

First decade of 21st century along till now mutual fund industry have witnessed a boost in mutual fund investments, even after major changes in Indian economy like global credit crises, demonetization and implementation of new taxation policy, i.e. GST, this investment instrument always get more and more boost in terms of investments and Now Mutual Fund as an investment instrument is a sole way to get more returns within the limited time period. Realizing mutual fund as a good investment instrument the outcome is that growth of the customer invests in mutual funds have increased and reached up to 2.29 crores, though this financial instrument supposed to achieve more that is what is to be expected. The objective behind this study is to create awareness among customers, to understand their perception when it comes to investing in mutual funds andRelationship between demographic dynamics of Investors and their Perception towards Mutual Funds. This study will help to understand an investor’s preference and choice towards investment options and their understanding towards mutual funds.

397-402

Authors: Bharti Harnal

Empowerment is needed more at the grass root levels, the bottom level of the economic pyramid of India. Women in particular need that extra empowerment because they have been ignored as having no ability to contribute to society. The world has been patriarchal in the past. It is now time to change the socio-economic disparity. Women entrepreneurship must be encouraged as there is no specific education required and most women are skilful in some way or other. Our national building efforts must have complete gender equality. Empowerment is a big challenge for India. Empowerment of all persons especially the marginalized like minorities, tribal, women, people living below the poverty line is the urgent need of the day. There is structural and systematic discrimination due to the culture of domination, marginalization ad exclusion based on formal and informal practices. Market centered and profit-driven practices have led to exploitation and cheap labor. It is the responsibility of Central Government and State Governments together with civil society to safeguard the rights of all. There is an urgent need to strengthen institutional mechanisms to encourage and strengthen people from grass root levels to make the people our country fully empowered.

411-418

Authors: Abdul Mojaffar Mondal

Religion is an important part of Indian culture. The major religion of India is Hinduism. It has been said that the Goraksha or Cow Protection is one of the major religious activity of Hinduism. India has many experiences of religious tensions with the issue of cow protection. In this article, I have tried to pinpoint that Cow Protection was started in a certain social need in an emerging cultivating society, not as a ritual practice. Cattle killing and beef eating was a part of Brahminism and the cow protection was started by Non-Hindu sects Buddhism and Jainism, latterly supported by some lower caste of Hindus. A cow was very useful animal in the pre-modern agricultural society, where the modern technology of plough does not exist. After getting involvement into cultivation due to royal land grants, Brahmins disapproved cattle killing.

1-4

Authors: Srimanta Das

Ecocriticism is of special importance in our contemporary world not just because of its growing significance in the academia but also because of its indispensable nature. The environment today is a threat and it is quite certain that every literate man today is aware of the situation. Global warming, water and oxygen crisis, pollution, the melting of the polar ice, hole in the ozone layer, etc are just some of the issues that need to be addressed. The increasing number of natural calamities, like the Tsunami, cyclones, and earthquakes that are causing substantial damage to life and property, prove that environmental issues cannot and should not be ignored. Ecocriticism seeks to read literature from the viewpoint of the environment and to unearth the ecological concerns of the authors. Mere awareness of facts has proved to be rather ineffective when it comes to environmental issues. What is required is a holistic approach to the issues and that is where literature can prove to be an important medium. We have already observed what great difference literature can make while dealing with social issues like female rights and rights for black men and what has made literature succeed it is the holistic approach. There is no reason why literature cannot be as effective when it comes to the environmental problems

15-24

Authors: Manju Mishra

The present study attempts to examine the attitude of bank employees towards female managers. Female managers are generally considered stereotyped as being less competent and efficient as male managers. They are not considered fit for challenging and responsible positions. Employees generally prefer male managers as compared to female managers. This study aims to investigate this biased attitude towards female managers. Despite having achieved educational and professional feats, female managers do not get respect and recognition as their male counterparts get. In the presented study, 100 bank employees working in nationalized banks participated as subjects. Amongst the participants, 50 were male and 50 were female. In this sample, 56 employees had male managers at their workplace and 44 had female managers. A measuring scale ‘WAMS’ was used to investigate the attitude towards female managers. Results revealed a negative attitude towards female managers in male and female employees. Male employees had a significantly more negative attitude towards female managers. But work experience was found to be a significant variable for affecting the attitude. Those participants who worked under female managers had a significantly lesser negative attitude towards female managers than those employees who worked under male managers. The experience was found to be a significant variable affecting employee’s attitude toward their female managers. These findings suggest that much have to be done for achieving gender equality in the organizations. The government organizations should do serious efforts to remove the gender biases against women leaders. Findings have been discussed with references to the role congruity theory and stereotype theory.

149-156

Authors: Safiya Mehdi

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of sports on academic achievement. The research design for the study is Non-Experimental, descriptive and qualitative with a thorough review of the recent literature including a collection of editorials, reports, and features written on the subject globally. The aim of the study is to establish a relationship between sports and educational outcomes including better grades, increased confidence in classroom interactions and better socialization skills. The results of the study may help the policy makers of India to address the lacuna in their planning and induce more changes in the physical education policy. The funds allotted for such purposes need to more than adequate as they directly affect the education output of the society.

163-166

Authors: Rinu Jose & Sreeja. S

India implemented trade policy reforms in the agricultural sector in 1995. The trade policy reforms were aimed at increasing exports and higher economic growth. India is the third largest producer of pepper in the world. The pepper production and exports from India declined in the post-reform period. The present study examines the trade performance of pepper in India in the post-reform period. The empirical results of the study show that there was a negative growth rate in exports of pepper and a positive growth rate in imports of pepper in the post-reform period. The import – consumption ratio and import – production ratio showed an increasing trend in the post-reform period. The export-import ratio of pepper declined during the same period. The increased imports have led to a decline in the price of pepper and worsened the position of domestic producers. The government should impose a floor price for pepper imports to India to protect the interests of the domestic farmers. Stringent measures should also be adopted by the government to regulate illegal pepper imports to India.

175-180

Authors: Preeti Goel

For higher education system NAAC has become an important part to provide better services. Before NAAC visit an institution has to prepare the SSR (Self Study Report) in three parts such as- institutional data, evaluative report and SWOC analysis and the process of NAAC accreditation takes place in once five years. This paper highlights about the importance of NAAC in HEI’s libraries.

187-194

Authors: Preeti & Kuldip Singh Chhikara

The Indian economy is fleeting through a stressed phase due to growing trade balance deficit having an adverse impact on the growth and development of the nation. The present study is solely based on secondary data collected from various sources and was analyzed with the help of appropriate statistical techniques such as Mean, Standard Deviation, CAGR, Diagrams, Regression, and Charts, etc. to draw the conclusions. It was exposed through the results of the study that the oil import besides other things contributes the most in the adversity of trade balance of the nation which needs to be addressed by the government of India and its allied agencies through measures like, energy conservation, adoption of alternative sources of energy and the awareness among the masses, etc. Import substitution and a surge in exports are the need of the hour for maintaining the good financial health of the nation which can be realized only through more capital formation and be expending more on research and development to avoid the heavy cost of borrowings of capital and technology.

211-214

Authors: Adizova Obodon

The article deals with the formation and progress of biographical methods. Main factors which influence the development of the same methods are mentioned as well.

227-238

Authors: Jaya Prakash Joshi & Durga Prasad

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the use of consortia based resources in the selected state university libraries of national capital region by research scholars and post graduate student. It mainly describe that users are having knowledge about consortia based resources or not, what are the reasons, for using consortia based resources and how they are getting benefit while using consortia based resources.

251-260

Authors: Shubhada Gholap

The electronic contract is generally different from traditional contracts. E-contract is a contract executed and enacted by way of software systems. The internet conveniently integrates into a single screen traditional advertising, catalogues, shop displays/windows and physical shopping. A viewer from any part of the world may want to get into contract to purchase a product as advertised. In this transaction, the issue is raised for its execution and protectionof the consumers. Fundamental Principles of contract law continue to prevail in contracts made on the internet. Nevertheless, not all principles will or can apply in the same manner that they apply to traditional paper-based and oral contracts. In India, the recognition of an electronic contract is mainly supported by the Information Technology Act, 2000. This paper is divided into basic research issues in e-contracts, including conceptual analysis of e-contract, standard forms of econtracts, and the ways in which e-contract is concluded, the laws governing to it in India and the consumer’s protection in e-contract.

269-276

Authors: Susmita Brahma

In Indonesia, the ethnic Chinese people played a significant role in the economic structure since independence. However, in the socio-political arena, they are a minority group. The economic dominance of the ethnic Chinese led to racial animosities between the ethnic Chinese and the ‘pribumis’ or native Indonesians. From the colonial period, the ‘pribumis’ felt insecure about the competition from the Chinese entrepreneurs, and this insecurity is still having an effect on the ‘pribumis’. This article mainly tries to focus on the position of the ethnic Chinese people in Indonesian society with special reference to their relationship with the native Indonesians. It also tries to highlight the political instability as well as ethnic conflict mainly during the New Order era of President Suharto.

293-298

Authors: Nitu Roy Kanrar

Education is the key factor for women empowerment, prosperity, development, and welfare. In the present day, the empowerment of women has become one of the most important concerns. But practically women empowerment is still an illusion of reality. Girls face gender-specific barriers to access and achievement. They are socio-cultural, economic, political and structural. No doubt women education is the crucial instrument to expand women’s ability to take the right decision for the next generation and to educate her children, who are the tomorrow’s pillar of the country. The present paper discusses the current position of Women Education in West Bengal. Paper mainly based on secondary data and conclude that government have taken various measures for the proper development of women but still, they are not in the equal position with men in an educational aspect

305-316

Authors: V. S. Harshith Babu, J. Vijayakumar, B. R. Venkatesh & T. Jothimurugan

In today’s modern era, stress is highly inevitable among bank employees. The stress may be positive or negative. The positive stress leads to an increase in employee productivity and commitment. The negative stress leads to work-life imbalance, increase in employee dissatisfaction and employee turnover. This paper tries to investigate the relationship between “Role Overload” which is considered as the independent variable and “Organizational Level Stress” as dependent variable which is mediated by individual-level stress and group level stress. The data is collected from a structured questionnaire provided to selected bank employees on a five-point Likert scale. A sample of 110 respondents was collected from Krishnagiri district in Tamil Nadu state in India using convenience and judgement sampling. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to analyze the collected data. The findings of the study show that the relationship between “Role Overload” and “Organizational Level Stress” is fully mediated by “Individual-Level Stress” and “Group Level Stress”.

327-330

Authors: Anamika Ganguly

Chotanagpur plateau, especially Purulia was a fertile land of the Lepers. It is a matter of sadness that the history of leprosy and its interaction with human being is one of suffering and misunderstanding. This disease is not hereditary or epidemic.Rev. Uffmann, a German missionary, cared for it. He established Leper asylum in Purulia. After that thousands of people cured from here and freed from the curse. This is a natural Asylum and still functioning from 1883.

337-342

Authors: Tanmoy Singha

D.H. Lawrence’s novel Sons and Lovers can be viewed through the lens of feminism where Lawrence pays more attention of the wretched condition of women like Paul Morel’s mother. Besides, how patriarchy works violently over women in the society and how ‘male gaze’ plays a crucial role in the 20th century – can be reflected through this novel. Patriarchy always thinks woman’s body as an object of sexuality and uses them for their own physical pleasure. This article focuses on how gender and sexuality become a central issue in the 20th -century society and it reflects Lawrence’s attitude towards them. It also shows the women’s realization under the impact of ‘otherisation’ and ‘marginalization’.

351-354

Authors: Unyendra Singh & O. P. Jain

The regret aversion is one of the investor’s psychological subject to study. Investors have a tendency to avoid regret that will have a powerful effect on an investor’s decision to mark financial decisions. Similarly regret is the generally found and observed in individuals specifically when they take investment decisions. However, this tendency is harmful to their portfolio they have invested in. In the present examination, scientists have attempted to discover the effect of Investor Attitude on Regret Aversion by utilizing General Linear Model. The results are useful in the Indian context. The target of this investigation is to examine affectedly the regret aversion, its impact on investors’ behavior and how to manage such psychological biases

365-372

Authors: Afroz Ahmad Bisati

The gender has been a ceaseless talk all through mankind’s history. For in the principal formation of Adam and Eve the contention surfaced. Some translated the formation of Adam (male) as prevalent for being made before Eve (Hawa) while others deciphered Eve’s second creation as optional. The later talk, pretty much, advanced round a similar structure. The later hypotheses and methods of insight either anticipated male predominance for manliness and mediocrity of ladies for womanliness. Some undertaking outright fairness between the sexual orientations while others competed for impartiality. Islam has its own particular stance on the gender orientation and this stance has offered to ascend to different points of view inside the Islamic idea. The present paper aims to identify the distinctive features of gender from an Islamic point of view with reference to the relevant verses (ayaat) of the Qur’an.

379-384

Authors: Prarthana Vardhan

Since time immemorial women have been treated as a vulnerable section of society. It is indeed an irony to see that they have never enjoyed the kind of opportunities as enjoyed by males. The condition of women has been pathetic in our male-dominated society. As a result, they have to face more challenges in their lives. Gradually, women realized that as human beings, they should also enjoy equal rights and opportunities with men. Even in the field of literature, they were never taken seriously in the patriarchal social construction. They became victims of gender discrimination. This feeling gave rise to a movement called Feminism. It gathered momentum in the 1960s. The movement basically aimed at achieving equality with men in terms of opportunities, rights, and participation in all spheres of life. Increasing number of women writers started projecting the plight of women in their works. Women’s liberation and emancipation became important. The pioneer writers of this area, who have produced commendable works and need to be mentioned are Mary Wollstonecraft, Virginia Woolf, Simone de Beauvoir, Elaine Showalter. They openly discussed the plight and problems faced by women and diverted the attention towards woman as reader and woman as writer. The gender discrimination was openly discussed. The Indian woman writers were not far behind they also presented their perspectives regarding the pathetic condition of women under male hegemony. Today, the worth and works of women writers are being acknowledged and acclaimed worldwide. Their talent and potential are getting recognition everywhere in all spheres of life.

393-398

Authors: Aryama Ghosh

The history of ‘proto-colonial’ forts is often seen as either defensive establishment or as a scheme of the vailed offensive spearhead. But a global analogy of various ‘proto-colonial’ fortified establishment will show that there was no unlined development or unbroken continuity. Based on the study of British fortifications in Bengal this article tries to argue that fortification had a tendency of turning into a sovereign entity by practicing a particular military-fiscal practice of protection and extraction. This tendency was developed slowly and influenced by adopting multiple events and short termed objectives. Even the native influences and parallel developments helped the structural as well as the abstract development of this fortification based sovereignty.

409-422

Authors: Prashanta Mondal

Women are the most powerful and indispensible part of a society. Their education influence the coming future generation. The education of women section is mainly depends upon the development of future generation. In a democratic system the position of women is equal with that of men. Women and men are equally treated in the law. So the education of women is provided to be the most essential part for the development of the society mainly West Bengal. The children learn their behavior at home and mostly mothers are responsible for creating good behavior in their children. Every educated woman can run her house well and make it a manageable process. Every educated woman can think well about her future and then chosen the appropriate subject which will be useful to her throughout the life. It can also realized that every woman to educate their children to be good manager of the family as well as the active member of the society. Now a day’s women are also conscious about their rights and obligations. In present day context, Education is most important means for improved personal endowment, build capability levels, overcome constraints and, in the process, enlarge their available set of opportunities and choices for a sustained improvement in wellbeing. Education is important not merely as means to other ends, but it is a critical invasive instrument for bringing about social, economic and political inclusion and a durable integration of people, particularly those 'excluded', from the main stream of society. The paper examines the issue of women's access to education in West Bengal. Drawing on existing literature and various statistics concerning women's education, the paper provides an overview of the state of education with respect to women and highlights some of the issues and barriers to women's education. Based on an analysis of emergent issues, some recommendations and suggestions are offered in terms of grassroots level interventions, strategic initiatives and enabling policy framework, towards improving women's access to education.

441-446

Authors: Pallavi Srivastava

Eliot is considered a Christian poet and his poetry are believed to be a religious one. His poetry saw a linear development of his religious maturity over the years, which can be found out only by reading it with deep insight. The starting phase of his religious poetry can be considered where his disillusionment with the modern ways of the world had started. ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’, ‘The Waste Land’ and ‘The Hollow men’ belong to the phase when Eliot was living in a constant confusion to follow the ways of the world or to find peace by finding out his own path of salvation. Eliot’s conversion to Anglo-Catholicism brought extreme transformation in his religious belief as well as to his poetry, while the first phase was marked with gloomy outlook; the next was marked with a spiritual slant. Eliot depicted the spiritual journey of the soul in the most beautiful and complex ways in his poems, although this ended with overwhelming spirituality, it started with his depiction of spiritual barrenness. His major poetical work ‘The Waste Land’ has tones of desolation and humanity is shown at the brink of extinction. This paper explores Eliot’s vision of Apocalypse and tries to find the optimistic vein he had in his poetry.

453-456

Authors: Pradeep Kumar

This study examined the dividend policy of a private sector company in India. A company has to make a policy regarding dividend to be paid to its shareholders out of the net profit after tax. In this study, Indian 2ndlargest private sector steel-making company-Tata Steel Limited- had been selected. The study used the secondary source of data, i.e., Annual Reports of Tata Steel Limited. In this study, the dividend payout ratio and retention ratio were used for the analysis covering a period of 10 years starting from FY08. It was found in the analysis that the Tata Steel Limited had a high retention and a low dividend payout policy for the study period, which had also helped the company to be consistent with the amount paid as the dividend to its shareholders in all the years in this study.

467-474

Authors: Abdul Rahim Munshi

This study was conducted with an aim to investigate the impact of store atmospherics on consumer buying behavior at D-MART store in Vadodara District. With the retail industry becoming highly competitive as a result of many convenience stores cropping up in the city, the bigger brands have to put in that extra effort to increase footfalls and convert footfalls into sales. What ways can the retailers adopt to increase their top lines remains an Achilles heel for many retailers. Can store atmospherics be used to differentiate the image of stores from competitors, whereby consumers will spend more time and money and further patronize a particular retailstore. A survey research was conducted in which primary data was collected from 301 customers from D-Mart store in Vadodara. Atmospheric variables of crowd density, store floor space, and product assortment were used to find out the impact of atmospherics on consumer buying behavior. Sample respondents were selected using non-random convenience sampling data was collected using a questionnaire that employed the Likert Scale to measure the responses. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Product assortment, store floor space, and crowd density has a significant impact on consumer buying behavior at D-Mart store in Vadodara.

487-492

Authors: Tarali Pathak

This study examined the career preferences of undergraduate learners of distance mode. For the study, all total 320 learners of KKHSOU were selected as samples and information were collected from them using the career preference Record by Vivek Bhargava and Rajashree Bhargava. It was found from the study that the most preferred career of the learners of distance mode of education is education that means the jobs related to teaching. While finding the differences between the male and female learners regarding their choice of the career no significant difference was found except the area Mass Media and Journalism.

497-506

Authors: Tanu Juneja & Satbir Singh

It is the prime focus of the state governments to keep fiscal deficit, public debt, and inflation in limits. Though fiscal sustainability is essential but it is not sufficient condition for growth. The design of fiscal policy and it’s transmission channel through which fiscal policy affects economic growth and welfare also needs to be focused. This necessitates that focus should also be shifted to the possible outcome of a level, composition, the effectiveness of public expenditures and efficiency of public revenue system. According to IMF (2006), fiscal policy, that neglects these dimensions face the risk of fiscal instability and emphasize low economic growth and standard of living of people. Therefore, we decided to incorporate the likely dimensions of a fiscal policy i.e. level, composition, and effectiveness of public expenditures and efficiency of public revenue system in this study.

525-528

Authors: M. Hariram

World becomes Global Village due to its growth on science and technology. People of nationality is laid only with their ethnicity rather than their living nations. They can be easily adopted to new culture. Culture is formed by the people’s persisted lifestyle with monotony. There is no certainties to draw the limitation for the cultural borders. The adaptation may never mingle with the origin culture. If it is mingled, it will give birth to the new culture both physically and mentally. It is pleasant to view a new or cross culture with globalized eyes. But when it occurs to an individual, for instance, the crossing cultural boundaries by the young generations, which cannot be accepted by the elders. But the reality is reoccurrence of same episodes come back again and again in various morpheme cultural formation. The only important thing is how a zeitgeist does transform from current generation to next generation. Like cultural variations, morality changes with respect of the zeitgeist. The term Livsglede is a Norwegian word that means ‘the joy of life’, which is used by Norwegian Playwright Henrik Ibsen in his play Ghosts(1881). The term itself indicates the happiness in life. But the happiness varies according to needs of people in each age. So the circumstances is responsible for defining the culture and morality rather than social laws. This paper is focusing on the variable values of happiness in human culture with respect to postmodern surveillance.

545-556

Authors: Arshi Pal Kaur

“The right to personal liberty takes in not only a right to be free from restrictions placed on his movements but also free from encroachments on his private life. It is true our Constitution does not expressly declare a right to privacy as a Fundamental Right, but the said right is as an essential ingredient of personal liberty. The Right to Privacy is considered as an inalienable and intrinsic right of every individual being. In order to build societal relationships, the autonomy of the individual is very important because it helps the individual to develop relationships through their personal free choices. The scope of the “right to privacy” which was held to be implicit in the right to life and personal liberty guaranteed under Article 21. The “right to privacy” meant “a right to be let alone. although the “right to privacy” is a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution it is not an absolute right and restrictions can be imposed on it for the prevention of crime, disorder or the protection of health or morals or protection of rights and freedom of others. The modern technological era everyone uses the internet in order to communicate, to buy goods and services, to browse the internet in order to trace any information, to send e-mails, net-banking, online payments etc. Therefore, the various internet sites install cookies, which can tag browsers for unique identified numbers. Due to the above-mentioned reasons, the informational privacy of an individual is very important in these areas.”

559-568

Authors: Sukanta Roy

Defining performance poetry is very difficult. For some critics the words in literary piece engage in an interactive response with the readers, composers and other words. This interaction is, in a way, performance. Therefore this engagement and its responses that we are calling performance happen undeniably all the time within the text. However apart from this internal textual performance and the reader response performance, if we can call it so after the reader response theory, there is this traditional view of performance that is more related to oral culture or something to do with orality of language. Performance poetry is the poetry being performed in front of an audience using language. Here it could be random or scripted, accompanied or not accompanied with music, with or without the active participation of the audience. Dub poetry which originated in Jamaica is considered to be one of the most successful forms of performance poetry. Descending from oral cultures of Africa and influenced by reggae music initially dub poetry was inseparably associated with music or the reggae “riddms”. Linton Kwesi Johnson, the most famous reggae dub poet and Bob Marley, the reggae singer, had not merely proliferated in their respective fields of poetry and songs, they also, for the first time, showed their artistic creativity to the world as the true Jamaican Art. However like many other genres of literature, in the fields of fine art or any kind of recognized art, women were thought to be not as progressive as men. This paper would try to highlight two women dub poets, Jean “Binta” Breeze and Louise Bennett, who not merely proved themselves extremely successful but also have showed how they distinguish themselves and their poetry from the already available, though recently made (because the genre is not very old) poetry, and at the same time, how they are continuously negotiating with the various layers of marginality and defining their own position in Caribbean literati and world literature.

575-582

Authors: CH. Veeranjaneyulu

This paper is aimed at an intensive study on the utilization of journals in engineering college libraries. The prime objective of the study is to find out how the faculty members access and utilize journals. The study makes a comprehensive assessment of the scope and extent of the utilization of journal and factors that have bearing on the use of available data by the faculty members of engineering colleges in Nellore District. In this study, a detailed attempt has been made to investigate about awareness, frequency, and purpose of journals in engineering college libraries.

597-610

Authors: Suchismita Mondal Sarkar

Self Help Groups (SHGs) have emerged as one of the alternatives in combating poverty in the development paradigm. This study intends to assess the workings of the Self Help Groups and their impact on the socio-economic conditions of the people of some of the selected villages of Bankura district of West Bengal. To serve our purpose, certain economic variables as well as social factors were considered for analysis. Survey was done using structured schedule. A sample of 240 members belonging to different SHGs was surveyed to make the study comparable and interesting. Endeavor has been made to treat different economic variables as thoroughly as possible but the scope has largely been determined by the data supplied. The levels of participation of the SHGs in developmental activities of the villages are also studied. Lastly, the benefits accrued to and difficulties faced by the members due to joining the SHGs were also assessed.

621-626

Authors: Manisha Tharu & Ram Ganesh Yadav

A woman’s standing in society can be judged by the level of social justice meted to them. This significantly portrays their position in society. Generally, status is very often evaluated in terms of income, occupation, education, health, and fertility. Moreover, for women, the responsibilities they hold within their family, their part in society, and the role in a community, all play a part. In respect to tribal communities, women have an important role to play. Their role is not just significant and is also vital as many a time they toil harder and the family’s economy and management depend on them. However, among tribal women, socioeconomic development is poor. The difficulties faced by tribal women and tribal men are more or less similar. Nevertheless, tribal women in society are considered more industrious than tribal men, being contributors of a substantial part of their family income. However, their sources for making money are limited. Moreover, with low-level of education, their awareness level is also low, thereby ignoring various basic health issues. As a result, tribal women are challenged to get a sustainable livelihood to maintain a decent life. Various explanations have been put forward to explain the low levels of literacy among the scheduled tribe girls. The accomplishments, inspiration, and credit orientation have been found to be mediocre among schedule tribe girls. The approach toward tribal development in general, and especially for women, needs to take on an improved updated outlook in order to further the uplifment of these women and empower them. This paper examines the socioeconomic status of tribal women in society and identifies the challenges faced by them. In addition, the paper highlights the approach that can be considered to successfully overcome these challenges.

637-650

Authors: Madhuri Hooda & Rani Devi

The present study was undertaken to examine the self-confidence of secondary school students in relation to cognitive style. Self-Confidence was treated as a dependent variable whereas cognitive style (Integrated, Intuitive, Split, Systematic and Undifferentiated) along with demographic variable i.e. gender (Male & Female) were treated as independent variables. A descriptive survey method was employed for the present study. A sample of 400 students studying in 10th class was taken using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Cognitive Style Inventory (CSI) developed by Jha (2011)[13] and Self-confidence inventory (PSCI) developed by Pandey (2007)[19] were used to collect the data and Two Way ANOVA with the 5×2 factorial design was used to analyze the data. Levene’s Test of Homogeneity of Variance was also applied to test the assumption of homogeneity of variance for ANOVA. The main effect of cognitive style and gender on the self-confidence of secondary school students was found to be significant. On the other side, the double interaction effect of cognitive style and gender on the self-confidence of secondary school students was also found to be significant. The findings of the present study have an implication for the teachers that they should plan their teaching accordingly by adopting effective teaching methods, proper teaching strategies and by guiding students for promoting their academic excellence and self-confidence. For this, seminar and guest lecturers may be organized for the students who are lagging behind the poor selection of cognitive style

1-6

Authors: Sikata Panda

India was partitioned in 1947. The scar continuous to linger because of the causalities involved in it. The process of division became complicated due to the different lines of thinking within the Congress, an attitude of the Muslim League and compulsions of the British. A hangover of partition is still felt when the forces of sub-nationalism raise their heads in both India and Pakistan. An attempt has been made to present the complications of the period by synchronizing both the internal and external factors putting a challenge to the political leadership in taking a stand. The sincere intention has been to find out the possibilities of the alternative to partition in the given situation.

15-18

Authors: Pooja Chatley

Advertisement is one of the major media that affect our daily life consciously and unconsciously. It is also responsible to play a significant role in shaping the society in a much broader perspective. There is a lot of dispute on the issue that whether advertisements depict what is prevalent in the society or the society embraces in itself what is portrayed in the advertisements and other media. Over the last few decades, there has been a great socio-cultural change in the society especially in the context of role and position of women in the society. There are increasing numbers of women pursuing careers of their choice, changing role in the family structure, negative attitude towards sex-role stereotypes etc. But has the representation of women in advertisements changed over a period of time? Or does it still confirm to some traditional notions about women and their role in the society? Such stereotypes projected about women go a long way in deciding what the society thinks about women and how the society treats women in the long run. The present paper is an attempt to study the different projections of women roles in various print and audio-video advertisements in India and how does it define the social acceptance of women in the society and the treatment they are met with.

29-38

Authors: Samrat Bharadwaj

The present day business scenario is all about providing the most unique service or the product which serves the greatest value to customers. In other words, the product or the service provided by the seller should be of competitive advantage. However, merely competitive advantage would not serve the purpose. The brand should be sustainable as well. Nameri National Park is an exclusive tourist destination in Assam. But because of its lower popularity, it has not been a high revenue earning tourist destination. This study is an attempt to evaluate the sustainable competitive advantage of Lalimou Camp situated in Nameri National Park in the district of Sonitpur. It also aims to check the strategies of the eco camp and see if it has the potential capacity to establish a tight grip in promoting eco-tourism in the national park.

49-62

Authors: Sikata Panda

Vallabhbhai Patel in India is very often compared with Bismarck of Germany because of his role in the integration of India. At the outset, it seems that the leaders made similar efforts to create a strong nation-state. But a closer analysis of the internal and external developments of both the countries of their period reflects their different approaches. The attempt has been made to analyze the different ‘contexts’ in which they played decisive and distinct roles.

69-76

Authors: Arti Kotak1,Manish N. Padia2 & Bhaskar Pandya3

This research canvasses the need for effective Oral Communication Skills for students of Oshwal College, Nairobi-Kenya. The students were selected from three departments by pilot testing. The departments were – IT Department, Account Department, and Business department. These research pane ploys the clear clue of the concept “Effective Oral Communication Skills”. The researcher has encompassed five domains (Communicative Vocabulary, Idiomatic Expressions, Basic Grammar, Body Language and Pronunciations) to make Students’ Oral Communication skills effective through Multimedia Activities. The sample size of this research was 60 students at Oshwal College Nairobi-Kenya. Twenty students from each department were selected. The researcher prepared 50 Non-linear Multimedia Activities by using its five effective tools- text, audio, video, images, and sound. The researcher used Experimental Research Methodology for this research; True Experimental Model was used of this methodology. Statistics data analysis of this research proved the importance of multimedia activities for Oral Communication Skills. A vast difference in the Mark sheets of pre-test and post-test of the subjects proved the effect of Multimedia Activities for Effective Oral Communication Skills of Students of Oshwal College.

85-94

Authors: Indrayani Pattanshetti1 & S G Hundekar2

Promotion of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) is instrumental in empowering poor women. In almost all the societies, women have less power than men, have less control over resources and receive lesser wages for their work. Self-help groups enable women to make decisions, increase self-confidence, self-esteem, better status and role in household activities etc. It is a known fact that poor women can be exploited easily, and have been underestimated and discriminated against in all phases of life. The economic development of the country is inseparably linked with the status and development of women. One of the powerful and effective tools to empower women is the formation of Women- Self-Help Groups. At present more than 100 schedule banks, 349 District Co-operative Central Banks, 27 State Rural Livelihood Missions and over 5000 NGOs are engaged in promoting SHGs as per the report of NABARD. This paper focuses on the operational dimensions of the Women Self-help groups in Belagavi and Dharwad districts of Karnataka. An attempt is made to analyze the impact of operations of WSHGs on the respondents in both Belagavi and Dharwad districts.

103-108

Authors: G. Amaresan1 & G. Sundharavadivel2

India has made great strides educationally. In 1951 the literacy rate was 16.6per cent, while in 1971 it had increased to 29.45 per cent. The percentage of literacy among men was 39.5 per cent while among women it was only 18.5 per cent. However, facilities for education do not keep pace with the rise in population. Hence within this twenty year period, the illiterates have increased by eighty-eight million (Manorama Year Book, 1978). In many states education is free, but a majority of poor children have to choose between basic needs and education. In addition school attendance means clean clothes, books, and other expenses. Sickness or death of father or mother means an end to schooling for many children at a tender age. Children in such areas do not get any education at all. Unfortunately, many children from the villages and slum areas find that they do not fit into the culture of the school. In certain areas, teachers coming from middle-class backgrounds look down upon poor children, particularly from the low castes. Sometimes children are beaten for bad behavior. This frightens them away from school forever. Thus the social distance between the educated and the uneducated grows. In many rural and jungle areas, schools are far away from home, hence parents are reluctant to send girls to school without someone to protect them. The purdah system also keeps Muslim and Hindu girls from receiving an education, particularly in northern India. Often schools are co-educational; therefore many girls are pulled out of school after the fourth or fifth standard. In education institutions the proportion of girls to boys at the primary level is 2:5, at the secondary level it is 1:3 and at the university level it is 1:4. Unless this changes rapidly the social distance between girls and boys will only widen the cultural gap between them. In some areas in India illiteracy among adults is almost one hundred per cent. In most areas, women are worse off than men. Many girls drop out of school for domestic reasons. Among many communities, girls are not sent out of the house after attaining puberty. A marriage of teenage girls means an end to their education. Hence the great need for non-formal education. · The Network Approach used in the districts of Raigarh and Surguja of Madhya Pradesh and in the Ranchi, Palamau and Hazaribagh districts of Bihar. · The Centre Approach used at the Adult Education Centre in Venoor, South Kanara district of Karnataka, and at Trumarikop in the same state. At Tirunelveli in Tamil Nadu and Lilipur in Andhra Pradesh too the same approach is used. · The Mini Mobile Team Approach used by the Sarvajani Seva Samaj (SSS) in Chattisgarh district of Madhya Pradesh. · The Live-in Village Approach used by the Sarvangin Gram Vikas (SGV) in Palamau district, Bihar and in Haryana. Several others use it in other states.

113-126

Authors: T.P. Himadri1 & Vidushi Sharma2

Language is a means to communicate one's thoughts, ideas, and feelings with one's surroundings through speech, writing, gestures, symbols, signals, objects, sounds, pictures, etc. According to A. C. Gimson "A language is a system of conventional signals used for communication by a whole community”. Speaking and understanding are as natural as breathing. English is a foreign language so people are comparatively quiet shy and they feel uncomfortable in their speech. The ability of speaking English depends on the correctness of pronunciation with proper word stress and sentence stress which directly affects the appropriate communication in conversation. According to George, (2002), “foreign-language learning is basically a mechanical process of habit formation.” Although there are more than two hundred local languages spoken in the Indian subcontinent but very few of them are considered the official language. English along with Hindi is the most official languages widely used all over the subcontinent of India. English is spoken in almost all educational, public and governmental settings, media, etc. It is also used as the written medium in many newspapers. A study was conducted to know the stress in English pronunciation by the English as second language learners. The Investigator collected data from 500 students and 60 teachers from 20 educational institutions situated in the area of NCR Delhi in order to know their knowledge of stress in Pronunciation English as Second Language (ESL) Learners in India. The findings of the study show that more than 86% students read monosyllabic words with proper stress about 84% students read the bisyllabic words with proper stress an average of 72% students read three-syllable words with proper stress and the number of students who read the polysyllable words were least. Only 67% of students from the sample were able to read the given sentences with proper stress. Majority of the students were found at the moderate level of speaking ability and below average speaking ability test in English. There existed a mixture of Indian language accent among sample students in speaking ability test in English. Most of the students mispronounced the English consonants that do not exist in Indian language and other consonants. Most of the students were found at the moderate level of writing ability and below average writing ability test in English. Majority of teachers (78.33%) liked speaking English, 86.67% teachers favoured that regularly using a foreign language influence their native language. About 80% of teachers’ used English for communication regularly in the classroom and 85% of teachers try to answer the questions in English whenever they got a chance. About 80% of teachers give special emphasis to teaching English pronunciation along with other skills. 40% of teachers make their students practices how to pick the odd word out while only 26.67% teachers used to teach syllable stress pattern in words.

133-138

Authors: Muzaffar Karim

In his story The Book of Sand, Borges defines the book as ‘infinite’ with no beginning and no end. In almost the same way when Barthes discusses his notion of text, in contrast to work, he defines text as ‘infinite deferment of the signified.’ Critically speaking Jorge Luis Borges’ short story The Book Of Sand and the kind of novel offered in the story The Garden of Forking Paths draw a clear resemblance and constantly comment on the Barthesian distinction between a ‘Work’ and a ‘Text’. This paper concerns itself with discussing Borges’ notion of ‘Book’ and proceeds to develop a contrast with the Roland Barthes conception of Work and Text.

147-150

Authors: Ancy Cyriac

Seemingly innocent narratives, fairy tales are used as a mechanism that expresses and enforces the relations of power in society. These ‘simple’ stories perpetuate socially acceptable ideologies and behavioral patterns for both sexes. Fairy tales project beauty, meekness, passivity, obedience, and submissiveness as the ideal qualities of women. Fairy tales never encourage girls to be outspoken persons, independent thinkers, and agents of action. Instead, these stories tell only about girls who are sweet and kind. The construction of gender roles using fairy tales has been criticized by feminists across the globe. Nikita Gill, a British Indian writer with a huge online following, in her poetry collection wild embers, rewrites many of the fairy tales. The feminine mode of writing takes new dimensions in the relatively new field of digital poetry especially the Instagram poetry. This paper aims at exploring the huge feminine potential in the rewritten fairytale heroines of The Sleeping Beauty, The Little Mermaid, Cinderella, The Beauty and the Beast and Alice in Wonderland.

161-166

Authors: M. Milcah Paul & V. Vijaya Lakshmi

Education is one of the important requirements for any individual. Proper teaching methods, faculty, infrastructure facilities and services and administration and management facilities have to be provided by any educational institution. This study was conducted to analyze the students’ expectations and satisfaction levels regarding the administration procedures in their educational institution. The results showed that the majority of the respondents felt that the administration procedures are somewhat fair, administrative staff are moderately efficient and are very helpful in providing the services required. Based on the results gained, suggestions were recommended to improve the administration procedures used in the selected institution.

171-182

Authors: Bidyadhara Bishi, Janardan Behera & Sudhir Kumar Sahu

We study a two type of demand situations inventory model for deteriorating items. First type the demand pattern follows linearly increase with time and secondly it follow exponential increase with time and finally shortage are allowed. Numerical example is used to illustrate the developed model. Sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to major parameter is carried out.

195-200

Authors: Sijo C. G & J. Amalaveenus NAAS Rating:

Human beings live and progress in societies. Primarily, he is bound to family, which is a miniature society. The societies, in which one is a member, help and influence the formation of one’s identity. Change of societies either forcefully or wilfully affects the identity of humans also. The advent of colonialism accelerated the isolation of native people from their mother country and the people of a particular native formed Diasporic communities in the new places in which they found themselves. Consequently, the communities and the individuals began to face hybridity and fluidity of identities. Postcolonial theories deal with the themes of identity, hybridity, homelessness and rootlessness. Meira Chand, through her novels, The Gossamer Fly and Last Quadrant, tries to address the themes of rootlessness, belongingness and home. The characters in her novel show the never-ending struggle of coping up with the changed situations. The processes of assimilation and integration all play roles in this sophisticated endeavor. The identities they possess are qualified with dividedness. Meira Chand calls for ‘a joyous combustion’ and to strive to get into the modified and dynamic rhythm of life.

207-218

Authors: Stanley Robinson I. & H. Samuel Thavaraj

Emotional intelligence is defined to guide behavior, thoughts, effectively communicating with family and within organizations. EI is an exhilarating area of research and it should prove valuable to entrepreneurs and business people of all kinds. EI was found to be associated specifically with dynamic leadership and success in the workplace by increasing performance and productivity in the workplace (Thi Lam & Kirby, 2002). An administrator is a leader. The effective leader is one who works with the maximum quantity and quality, excellent performance and consent and commitment of staff. Their management takes control of induced character rooted in their emotional intelligence. Administrators play a mediator role in social institutions between the management and employees. The present study aims to investigate the role of EI in administrators in social institutions.

229-240

Authors: Akhaya Kumar Mishra

Known for its utkarsh in kala, i.e, excellent in art Odisha is considered as India’s one of the most hidden splendid cultural landscapes. Traditionally archaeology and monuments have been the prime motivation for a visitor to Odisha who usually returns with enchanting experience, enduring thoughts and lingering memories of an endearing and hospitable Odia people, their picturesque land and above all the magnificent monuments. For touristic interest, this ancient land of Odisha offers its rich and varied archaeological treasures and wealth of monuments in a pristine and fortunately intact form. The entire length and breadth of the state are dotted with a large number of standing monuments and archaeological sites which would be around 4000- in the figure. The range of monuments includes early Jaina caves and temples; Buddhist Viharas (Monasteries), chaityas (apsidal structures), stupas; Hindu temples; mosques; churches; ancient and medieval forts; palaces of erstwhile kings and the colonial architecture. The great tradition of monument building which is as old as the recorded history or even older, finds an echo in the religious and cultural life of the people till today.

255-260

Authors: J. Kavin Mozhi, C. Susila & Jain Vanitha

The study reveals the effectiveness of CBT and RT on fatigue and quality of life among teaching professionals with chronic fatigue syndrome. Quasi-experimental with time series design was adopted. The study was conducted at selected schools in Chennai. 30 samples who fulfilled the inclusive criteria were included in this study using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Fatigue severity scale and quality of life index scale were used for data collection. The mean difference score of fatigue and Quality of life had significant values, showed the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and relaxation therapy. The reliability of the tool was measured by the test and retest method. The pilot study revealed the data collection tools were reliable and practicable to carry out the main study. There is a significant improvement in fatigue and quality of life in both CBT group and RT group when compared with the control group. When compared to RT, CBT shows better improvement in fatigue and quality of life.

269-274

Authors: Amita Rani & Mahesh Arora

India, having been ruled by the British for nearly two hundred years, got its freedom only in 1947 with numerous losses. Markedly partition is one of them. The partition horror associated with the migration of people has been a major theme in Indian writings. Although the treatment, different writers make use of, differs from one another but the subject is the same. Amrita Pritam is one such creative woman writer whose individual contribution to the range of Partition literature in the Punjabi language is singular and far greater than that of any other woman writer. Violence against women is a worldwide problem that affects women of all ages, ethnicities, races, nationalities and socio- economic backgrounds and during Partition many sisters, daughters, wives and mothers were lost, kidnapped or simply fell behind when families ran from one side to the other. Atrocity does not have any face or religion. It is faceless and Amrita Pritam herself experienced the trauma that people suffered during those fateful days and she was made of a stuff that enabled the women of 1947 to experience humiliation and violation and yet survive. She had the rare gift of the ability to give tender expression to human sorrow and separation. She wrote with courage and without any introversion. She witnessed the human tragedy during Partition and aftermath and portrayed its pathos and the ruin of human spirit it caused in her literary works.Her novel “Pinjar” clearly deals with the dislocation and violence against women during Partition. Intolerance, cruelty, kidnapping and rape of women left thousands of innocent lives as their luck. So the main objective of this paper is to portray the character of Hindu female protagonist of her novel Pinjar who highlights the patriarchal hypocrisy and challenges the national obsession with borders even after becoming a victim in the hands of a Muslim. This paper will also highlight how a Muslim boy abducts a Hindu girl and how she chooses to remain with him rather than be shifted in India after Partition. It also tries to depict a love story of a couple thrown in a situation, not of their making, but they rise above the situation with love and care.

285-292

Authors: Sunayana Khatter& Dipankar Sukul

Women’s writing has surely gained momentum in the present age. Moreover, a fresh introspection of the female protagonists from mythology has shattered some misconceptions about Indian Women. Far from being submissive and fragile, we now see them as iconoclasts. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni has explored the rebel in Draupadi from The Mahabharata. We see her as the fierce princess who wanted to take hold of her destiny. An inquisitive learner and an able business woman that she later proved herself to be is critically analyzed in this research paper

299-310

Authors: Evelina Mohapatra & Rajeshwari Panigrahi

Banks play an important role in the development of a country. A financial crisis in 2008 led policymakers to think about regulation of banking system and adopt policies to reduce the level of risk in the sector. BASEL committee on banking supervision was formed as a primary global standard setter for the prudential regulation of banks. This committee laid its first regulatory norms in the year 1988 termed as BASEL accord, which is a set of three regulations (Basel -1,2 and 3). This paper is an attempt to measure the level of compliance of BASEL norms in India. Top 10 banks according to market capitalization and profitability are taken as sample and the extent to which the banks complied with BASEL norms is studied. Research limitation and implications-This research have considered only quantitative information for understanding the compliance of BASEL in Indian Banks and qualitative aspects like process and systems in banking is not taken into consideration. This research will help in understanding the level of Compliance and result development of suitable guidelines.

323-332

Authors: Sr. Jisna jose

RFID Technology is wildly used in modern times. It has so many applications RFID applications have been in use for many years in transport ( public transport entry ), access control cards ( building and highway entry ), event ticketing and management, and, more recently, in government identity cards and passports and extensively in manufacturing supply chains and in logistics for goods distribution. Industry sectors differ widely in RFID deployment, with many automotive companies and hospitals relying on RFID systems. RFID plays an important role in modern times. The technology increases recently in all fields and also in the library field. The recent technology used in the library is RFID Technology which enhances the speed, accuracy, productivity, and efficiency of library staff. This study provides the information about how RFID technology applicable to modern libraries and how it becomes essential for library automation.

343-354

Authors: Farah Tabassum & S. Mehartaj Begum

Evidence shows that in terms of participation of male and female in the economy, education, employment, politics and many other areas of human life, the relative position of women has remained much below their male counterparts. The position of women varies in different socio-cultural situations. There are many reasons for this situation, and historically, the position of women remains still subservient to men. This paper examines such situations and highlights the issues which have remained intractable so far. The paper highlights certain areas of employment and education in which women’s participation has been very low as compared to their male counterparts. It suggests some broad policy measures and concludes that even in designing and formulating policy and programmes women’s involvement is very necessary.

371-374

Authors: N. Arunkumar& A .Benazir

Sister Carrie was an impression of Hermann Theodore Dreiser’s personal life. This story is about a lady who keeps chasing the materialistic needs. In her journey of life, she comes across pain love, a problem of unemployment, migration, a problem in fixing habitat, illegal affair, and robbery and so on. At the end of the novel, she will be succeeded. Human survival is the hardest task is proved in the novel Sister Carrie. This very research speaks about the multiple theories which involved in Sister Carrie.

1-6

Authors: Sakshi Arora

This study assesses the quantum of disparities in the manufacturing sector among the seventeen major Indian states by studying the distribution of the Net State Domestic Product of the manufacturing sector of each state in the aggregate NSDP for the pre- reform period (1973-74 to 1991-92) and the post- reform period (1992-93 to 2013-14). ‘Independent samples t- test’ has been employed to study whether or not there exists a statistically significant difference in the average shares of manufacturing sector’s NSDP across the two time periods under study. The statistical tool of quartile deviation has been used to analyse the extent of variability in the shares of manufacturing sector’ NSDP for each major Indian state. The maximum increase in the average share of manufacturing sector’s NSDP from the pre reform to the post reform period has been recorded by Himachal Pradesh followed by Bihar, the results of both being statistically significant at 1% level. The analysis further revealed the presence of maximum variability in the share of the manufacturing sector in the aggregate NSDP as depicted by quartile deviation for the state of Odisha both in the pre-reform period and the post reform period, whereas the lowest variability in the pre-reform period has been witnessed for Himachal Pradesh and in the post reform period for West Bengal.

13-24

Authors: Sangeeta Mittal

Postmodern Delhi has been writing itself voluminously. This paper presents a survey of the Delhi novel- a genre that saw a boom coinciding with economic liberalization of the 1980s and is brimming with more and more literature in the global postmodern ethos of today. The paper explores objectives, tropes, themes, voices and locations inscribed in this city based cultural production. The study is not just recommends must-read postmodern Delhi novels, but also examines the writers’ postmodern subjectivity that coalesces and collides with Delhi urbanity and spatiality. The narratives that so emerge are winding, groping, finding, hiding, and ultimately inconclusive, like the city itself. Postmodern Delhi,thus, becomes an active agent in shaping the structure and thematics of these novels. Straddling the urban schisms of proximity vs. remoteness, belongingness vs. loneliness, community living vs. blasé anonymity, affluence vs. poverty, center vs. periphery, civicism vs. alienation, opportunity vs. monopoly and many such structural and existential dichotomies splintered all over the urban landscape, writings by campus goers, new migrants, old Delhiwallah gentry, expats, gated communities- all attempts to vanquish the hydra-headed monster of the maximum city.

35-40

Authors: Subhas Biswas

At the time of independence of India in 1947, India was divided and separate Pakistan was created. Bengal and Punjab province was divided at the time of partition. East Bengal and West Punjab were included in Pakistan and West Bengal and East Punjab remained in India. The minority Hindus of East Bengal becomes refugees and they had been coming to the different adjoining border provinces of India for having shelter since the partition of India. The majority of the refugees of East Bengal took shelter in West Bengal. The Govt. of West Bengal had to take responsibility for these refugees. The Government took initiatives to establish some camps for the shelter of these refugees. The establishment of Cooper’s Camp and some more camps in the district of Nadia were the first step of this initiative of the Government.

51-58

Authors: David Newlyn

Whether you love him, pity him, have distain for him, worship him, revile him or have complete contempt for him, Orenthal James Simpson is infamous. His life provides a microcosm of how Critical Legal Studies can be used to provide a hermeneutical construction of reality. The Critical Legal Studies movement provides for a constructed or hermeneutical theory that purports to challenge accepted preemptory standards in contemporary accepted legal theory and practice. Integral to this hermeneutical theory is the notion of truth. Proponents of Critical Legal Studies indicate that the rationality and structure attributed to the law are constructed from the power relationships that exist in society and from this truth is constructed. But the Critical Legal Studies movement also promulgates that these traditional relationships may not be valid or at least that they may not have been validly considered in the past. In this paper the power that the media exercises as described by the Critical Legal Studies movement is analyzed as it relates to OJ Simpson.

69-76

Authors: Dinesh Kumar

Health is a significant indicator of the development of any country and disability plays an important role. India with more than 26 million people with disabilities has acknowledged that accessibility is the key to inclusion and the accessible barrier-free environment is the first step towards empowerment of people with disabilities. The accessible environment includes accessibility of physical infrastructure as well as equal access to knowledge, information and communication technologies. To achieve universal accessibility, Government of India has launched a nation-wide flagship “Accessible India Campaign” (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan) that enables persons with disabilities to gain access to equal opportunities, to live independently and to participate fully in all aspects of community life. This research paper endeavors to review these key policy initiatives and tries to examine the challenges and future possibilities in the context of persons with disabilities in India. Finally, this paper concludes by suggesting the ways to achieve the goal of inclusive and accessible India through collective efforts at the government, non-government, community and individual level.

81-92

Authors: Chandra Mohan Singh , Ashok Chandra & Sanjay Sharma

Graduates in engineering branch need several skills required for employment and continue with the organization. Various skills for employment needed and identified are communication/ technical/ numeracy/ teamwork/ creating thinking/ problem solving. Fresh engineers lack in these skills, as verified by employers. This paper attempts to know the condition of these skills in fresh engineers coming out from Chhattisgarh’s engineering colleges. The subject was chosen as the sample to know the status where the HR-Manager/ Team Leader of various organizations operational in Chhattisgarh state. A close-ended questionnaire is prepared and used to know about the condition of these skills in fresh engineers. The questionnaire was filled by HR staff of organization in Chhattisgarh. Nine (9) skills so identified are the constructs for this study and under each construct, four questions were asked, the answer of which tells about the presence or absence of these skills. Questions were to answer in 5 point Likert scale, i.e. strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree. Later, the mean value of all the four questions is calculated and opinion is created for each skill separately. To test the reliability of data, Cronbach’s alpha is also calculated for each construct. The outcome of this study shows that organizations are not satisfied with fresh engineers due to their skills. The study identifies these skills through literature review and later found that fresh engineers are lacking in these skills.

97-104

Authors: Kaustubh Ranjan & S. P. Prasad

The present paper discusses Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novel Half of a Yellow Sun (2006) in the light of postcolonial masculinity. It analyses the influence of Odenigbo and Richard on the character of Ugwu and further tries to see Ugwu’s character through the lens of Bhabha’s idea of mimicry and ambivalence. In the backdrop of civil war, the novel portrays the internal struggles of developing nation post-colonialism. The war of Biafra plays an important role in determining the issue of marginality, history, and conflict present in the novel and how these themes give dynamism to characters and their portrayal.

111-118

Authors: Claudin Rocha & Mathew Jose K

Women are an essential part of the nation. Men and female are two wheels of a cycle which requires together to move. The Indian economic system is searching ahead for the equal participation of men and female for the economic development of the nation. This paper discusses with entrepreneurship amongst rural women. Many packages have been promoted by the government and non-government authorities to promote rural entrepreneurship among women. But most of these programs are observed to be inactive by the midst. This can be efficiently implemented if their requirements and troubles are properly studied. In this paper’s discussion is also made concerning the want for merchandising entrepreneurship among rural women.

129-138

Authors: J. Gayathiri & L. Ganesamoorthy

Union budget is the government's main economic policy document, which shows how the government plans to use public resources to meet policy goals. It is always much awaited by all sectors as this may bring a drastic change. Stock markets also respond to the budget announcements to an extent. This paper attempts to study how Sensex companies have reacted to the announcements of Union budget 2018. The impact has been studied by using event study taking data prior and subsequent to the budget announcements. Regression analysis is used in the study. Returns, average abnormal returns, and cumulative average abnormal returns were calculated. Returns on the Sensex were negative, even before budget announcements and continued the same. It was found that there was no significant impact of the event of the announcement of union budget 2018 on return on Sensex companies. While CAAR showed a slight negative effect on day-1, event day and day+1 which shows that the market expected and reacted to some extent on these days because of the union budget 2018.

157-160

Authors: Sapna G.S , C. Chamundeshwari & R. V. Sheela

The partition of India is a significant historical event. It witnesses the exploitation of women and the bloody riots. India was the colonial country. Britishers ruled India for over 200 years, when the Indians realized that the westerners are ruling us then they fought for freedom that is first started in 1857, but it was a failure for several reasons. It gives the message for Indians to fight for freedom and our country is acquired by Britishers. Thus, the freedom fight is started in many groups, mainly Mahatma Gandhi’s non-violent agenda with the Congress party and the Muslim League and Communities and violence agenda group. Many people participated in several groups for freedom. Mainly Gandhi, Nehru, Tilak, Subhash Chandra Bose, Bhagath Singh, etc. These all personalities struggle and sacrifice, until British government gave independence to India. In the partition of India and Pakistan many people suffered and women suffered with great cruelty. This unforgettable historic moment has been captured as horrifying by the novelists like Khushwant Singh in Train to Pakistan (1956), A Bend in Ganges (1964) by Manohar Malgaonkar, Amrita Pritam’s The Pinjar and Attia Hosain’s Sunlight on a Broken Column (1961), Balchandra Rajan’s The Dark Dancer, Bipsi Sidhwa’s ‘Ice candy Man’ and Bhisham Sahni’s Tamas. Even now, 70 years of after Partition, some novels and films are made to unfold trauma and pain of the victims. Most of the writers presented Partition as the main theme of their works. A number of novels in the Indian subcontinent have been written on the theme.

167-176

Authors: Seema Vinayak & Jotika Judge

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of altruism and forgiveness on empathy among police personnel. 150 female police personnel (age range 30-45 years) were administered Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (Spreng, McKinnon, Mar & Levine, 2009), Self-report altruism scale (Rushton, Chrisjohn, Fekken, 1981) and Heartland forgiveness scale (Thompson, Snyder & Hoffman, 2005). Correlational analysis and regression analysis was applied. Results indicated that empathy is positively related to altruism and forgiveness. Results revealed that altruism and forgiveness turned out to be relevant and were retained as predictors of empathy among police personnel.

183-190

Authors: P.V. Geetha Lakshmi Patnaik & M. Praveena

Science fiction as a literary genre has generally been regarded as a male realm since the stories were written by men, featured male heroes and were aimed at a male readership. There was the occasional woman writer taking up the task of writing a science fiction story, but that was not often enough. It was only in the late 1960s and early 1970s that women writers began to enter the genre in earnest and women protagonists began to populate the pages of the genre. This paper provides a brief overview of the treatment of gender in science fiction. It will present some of the most important images of women that the genre has offered over the years and also discuss the impact of the second wave of feminism.

199-206

Authors: Shyla Abraham & Mala N

India stands suffused with myriad cultural and philosophical manifestations that form the tapestry of this great pluralistic nation. The Constitution endeavors to preserve this aspect of the state which lends itself to this unique flavor. But unfortunately, individuals are often seen struggling in the cultural, communistic and religious domain which often tends to bracket itself into walled in spaces. Articulation of plurality with the single political order is superficial, often leading to chaos. Exclusion politics has turned out to be a necessity for a cohesive democratic society in the postcolonial setup. Social exploitation is an inherent aspect of the society which is still seized in the throes of metamorphosis into a progressive entity. Imperialism has crushed the psyche of the people to such an extent that even after seventy-odd years of independent rule, we have not yet been able to shake off the shackles of colonial rule-we still suffer the hangover of servitude and psychological inferiority that is now translated into nepotism and an exaggerated and distorted sense of importance. Aravind Adiga’s “The White Tiger” has exposed the decaying state of society where people are caught up in the web of birth and circumstances and their emancipation purely relying not on their potential but in their contexts of birth. It represents the sad reality of India submerged in economic inequality, and an arduous political, social set up for the less powerful and underprivileged sections of society. This paper is an attempt to analyze the concept of freedom and individuality in the post-colonial milieu of the Indian Society and unravel the white lies of constitutional rights and autonomy through the perpetuation of the other –so as to justify and sanctify explicit exploitation of humanity.

215-224

Authors: A. K. Makwana & M. D. Gurjar

In the present study, the employers of dairy professionals in the country, mainly the cooperative and private dairy plants, have given their feedback regarding the quality levels of the existing dairy professionals as well as they have expressed their expectations of a newly appointed dairy professional. However, in this study, the responses from the private sector has been low while the responses from the cooperative dairy sector have been high, hence the following discussion pertains mainly to the cooperative dairy sector of the country. The most important skill/quality aspect desired in a dairy technologist “in general” were - Dairy Technology Knowledge, Work orientated and Honesty/loyalty. In no particular skill /attribute the respondent dairy plants found the existing dairy professionals in the High ratings (60% and above) under “very satisfied’, indicating that there is a lot of scopes for improvement to move the ratings to “very satisfied” from “satisfied”. Similarly Skills/ attributes such as Willingness to travel, Problem-solving skills, Willingness to work at Chilling centers and Shifts, Practical knowledge which has received ratings under “dissatisfaction’ and ‘average satisfaction’ also need to be addressed.In terms of Behavioral attributes the attribute of ‘Problem-solving skills’ was most important for all the regions. Remarkably the attribute “Son of a dairy farmer / Son of the soil” did not have much importance in Northern region. To a great extent (55% to 73%), the respondent dairy plants across all regions used to permit Dairy Professional to pursue Further Studies. Out of 207 cooperative dairies around 106 said ‘Yes’ there was a need to start a Post-graduation course in Dairy Business Management field. Regarding the modality of the proposed course, around 64% of the respondents suggested the title of the course, should be “MBA in Dairy Business”.

229-242

Authors: Aditi Swami

Dadu Dayal (1544-1603) was an influential nirgun bhakti-poet of North-western India. He ranks second only to Kabir in terms of his influence and literary output. The structure, diction, imagery, and philosophy of his poetry bear a - striking resemblance with those of Kabir. In many of his compositions, (like Kabir and several other Sufi and Bhakti poets)Dadu also imagines himself as the “lover” of the Brahm (the ultimate Godhead) whom he calls his “beloved”. Dadu Anubhav Vani, the sacred scripture of Dadupanthis (followers of Dadu Panth), is the compilation of Dadu’sentire compositions. It contains two thousand five hundred “saakhies”/couplets under thirty-seven “angs”/parts/chapters and four hundred forty-four “padas”/hymns/psalms/songs under twenty-eight “ragas”/musical moods and notes. By translating selected saakhies and padas from the scripture into English, the paper seeks to highlight and examine the concept of the love of Sufis as well as the elements of Bhakti which resonate in Dadu’s poetry.

259-268

Authors: Sunita Sharma & Som Raj

Skills and knowledge both are the driving forces of social development and economic growth in any country. Countries with a better level of skills adjust more effectively to the challenges and opportunities of the world of work. As India moves progressively towards becoming a knowledge economy, it becomes increasingly important that the country should concentrate on the advancement of skills and these skills have to be relevant to the emerging economic environment. For imparting skills after independence ITIs were set up in all the districts of the state of J&K in 1958 and the thrust of ITIs was on providing a more fundamental type of vocational training. The present study is a primary study and confines itself to Industrial Training Institutes. Among all districts of J&K state, Udhampur is one of the hilly districts where ITI was opened in the early sixties for providing vocational education and knowledge about specific trades to the youth of the district. In this backdrop, an attempt has been made in the present study to ascertain the impact of vocational training on the social security of the youth of Udhampur district. Vocational training through skill development has made a significant difference in the social security of the respondents under study in Udhampur district. The majority of the respondents have experienced an improvement in the level of income. Hence skill development has made a significant difference in the social mobility &social security of the respondents.

277-284

Authors: Tarun Sasmal & Pritikana Maity

The main objective of the present study is to understanding the women’s condition in rural area. We know the women’s condition in rural area theoretically but here we have taken attempt to understanding the real situation. We have collected primary data to understanding this. From our database, it is clear very preciously, that women are oppressed. Women are confined in the house and they are overwhelming by others. Today we are frequently said the concept empowerment. To find out real empowered women in our study area is very real job. Puritan and orthodox concept of the women is another cause of their backwardness. It is very sorry to say, there is lack of strong determination of women’s. Women’s education is not so good in the study area. Poor work participation of the study area indicates that, lack of proper education. Therefore, guardian thinking regarding women education is very ineffable. They are very interested for male child education instead of female child. So, we cannot say it is common matter but it is the characteristics of patriarchy. Maximum women are housewife, so there is limited scope of economic empowerment. Domestic violence against women is very noticeable. Actually, patriarchy devouring everything in the rural society. The findings of the study can assist the sociologists and planners to introduce the new scheme for women’s development.

289-294

Authors: Visakan & Khaja Sheriff

Online shopping is witnessing a considerable momentum during the recent years because of its exclusive advantages for both retailers and consumers, namely shopping at 24 hours, reducing dependency on physical visits to retail stores, cost and time saving, large coverage of segments and a large variety of products and services. Value for money, easy to use and website features are the factors that influence the purchase decision for online shopping among consumers. Significant difference prevails in factors influencing purchase decision of consumers for online shopping among socioeconomic profile of consumers. Value for money, easy to use and website features are highly and positively correlated with the satisfaction of consumers about online shopping. In order to improve purchase decision of consumers in online shopping settings, online retailers should modify their marketing and promotional strategies, providing priorities to consumer orientation through the value of products and services, simple and easy ways to use services and website attributes.

299-314

Authors: Josephine Aboagyewaa, Ntiri & A. K. Kemevor

Adinkra is a collection of cultural symbols that have been used for designing Adinkra cloth from antiquity. Over the years, modern consumption dynamics have resulted in the decline of Adinkra cultural cloth usage. The purpose of this study is to transform Adinkra cloth through innovation and explore a form of textile production using digital printing technology to print new cloth using single Adinkra symbol designs. A comparison of the new cloth with the original revealed that digital printing accommodated different colors better, making the cloth more colorful than the original. Also, different color shades appeared differently on the new cloth based on specific fiber and fabric constructions. This study is the first to transform the cloth from its original state by using a single symbol as the design for modern printing technology.

319-334

Authors: Bhawna Chauhan

Vandalism, disrespect, rebellion, a symbol of urban decay, these are few descriptors the vast majority of the population would use for graffiti or Street art but is graffiti any different from any other art form? Just like any other piece of art, graffiti is an expression. It can easily be argued that graffiti is the biggest art movement ever seen, especially on a global scale. Street art today in a way is allowing people to connect with art and expression on a daily basis, the colorful and beautiful murals painted on walls, trains etc reach out to the public every day. As a whole, modern-day graffiti and street art or urban art emerged as an impactful medium of communication and can be broadly categorized into-mass communication like any other social or political commentaries and individual expression. Every culture contributed to this art form with its own set of symbolism. In India using walls as a form of advertisement or expression is not a new idea and so Delhi accepted Graffiti and street art with open arms. The main focus to study Graffiti/Street Art is to understand the ideologies and cultural diplomacy of Graffiti in Delhi, and how street art came to Delhi from a major perspective.

341-346

Authors: C. Yuvaraj, Samarpan Chakraborty & S.K. Acharya

India, the largest democratic country, is agrarian in character. Its 76 percent population lives in villages and depends on agriculture for the development. Mehta (1957) reported that development cannot progress without responsibility and power. The Mehta committee recommended the scheme of democratic decentralization. The scheme of democratic decentralization is the form of a three-tier interconnected, interdependent democratic structure of rural local self-government at the village, block/manual and district level. Thematic Background The committee evolved some basic and fundamental principles for Panchayati Raj which is as follows: - • It should be a three-tier structure of local self-governing elected bodies and from village, to district, the bodies are to be organically linked up. • There should be a genuine transfer of power and responsibilities. • Adequate resources should be transferred to the new bodies to enable them to discharge these responsibilities. • All development programmes at these levels should be channeled through their bodies. • The system should be such as will facilitate further devolution and dispersal of powers and responsibilities in the coming future.

353-358

Authors: Ashutosh Pandey

The preamble of the Indian constitution contains inter alia, two important concepts namely, popular sovereignty and socio-economic Justice. The former, which implies that ‘the people’ is the ultimate sovereign, is a powerful constitutional tool for directing and shaping the constitutional development, But its usefulness and power depend much on the actual position granted to it in the constitution by the constitution makers. The later represents the aspirations of the people who have established the constitution. Therefore the three topics discussed here are: • The position of the preamble • The concept of popular sovereignty, and • The concept of socio-economic justice & fundamental Rights in Indian Constitution.

365-374

Authors: Gurjeet Kaur

The study reveals that Russian foreign policy has undergone various transformations in the 21 century under the leadership of President Vladimir V. Putin. These changes are reflected in Russia’s active involvement in international affairs and its response towards the issues in its backyard (Georgia crisis 2008, Crimean reunification with Russia 2014). In terms of realist aims and ambitions, Russian foreign policy discourses indicate certain continuities of the Soviet era, for example, Russia’s emphasis on its global power status. What marks the beginning of a new era in Russian foreign policy discourses is the approach of Vladimir Putin. He has transformed the way today’s world looks at Russia. While in principle, Russian foreign policy remains focused on the ‘multi-polar world’ order with a respectable place for Russia, in practice, it is a pragmatic approach to enhance Russian national interest and counterbalance the West in its backyard and former zones of influence in the world. This study looks at the continuities and changes in the Russian foreign policy in terms of its national interest, Russian Identity and its stance on various international issues.

385-390

Authors: Nisha Kumari & Niharika

In a world of higher technologies, universal knowledge interacting, and multitasking experts, the dynamics of learning experiences must change to provide value to new generations of learners. If the knowledge is to be alive it must have an impact on society. In old paradigm “Knowledge was Power” but today “Sharing knowledge is Power”. Digital technologies are moving our relationship with information and how we appreciate and construe the Knowledge. New tools that is already so communal we barely notice them and applied in our day to day life to get knowledge regarding anything. The context of the Digital Age and the implications of new technologies commonly used in the sharing knowledge and the mindsets that is required for motivating the academician’s towards knowledge sharing. This paper aimed to identify the most significant technologies that are used in emerging and gaining knowledge sharing among academics faculty members in Post Graduate Govt. College, Sector- 11, Chandigarh, In addition, it is also aimed to ascertain knowledge sharing motivators.

403-416

Authors: Omar Fayaz Khan & Mohammad Sajidkirmani

There has been an upsurge in the quantity and quality of women employees in both public and private organization space at the global level. With their contribution to professional space, their challenges of balancing both home space and professional space have become difficult. At present, at the global level, work-life issues are studied to enhance productivity and satisfaction of employees. The research paper explores the relationship of a family with the work-life balance from the perspective of demands and resources model. A sample of 278 female doctors and nurses in the city of Srinagar based on snowball sampling technique was held. The initial findings indicate that working women of Kashmir receive minimal support systems especially supposal support in the family. As a result, it manifests into personal life interference with work at the higher level than work interference in personal life. In contrast, family demands include-child care, elderly care are highly skewed than the resources produced by the family. Organizations can contribute with initiates of family supportive programmes (FSPs) for the balancing work-family challenges of working women in the health sector.

431-438

Authors: Khamrayeva Shahlo Mirjanovna

The article deals with the relationship of the authorship`s lexicography with the corpus of authorship, the concept of concordance and the frequency of dictionary, the general and unique character of the authorship corpus.

445-450

Authors: A. Krishnamoorthi & R. Jeyanthi

Best adjustment is the ultimate goal of education. The most significant agency of education in school, where an individual should learn to adjust. Good adjustment makes the students proud and self-satisfaction motivates them for future success, encourages them to be of independent thinking and builds their self-confidence. This study aims to measure the adjustment level of standard XI students in Dindigul Taluk. The findings of the study were i) the students have a high level of adjustment ii) There is no significant difference between boys and girls in their adjustments and iii) Adjustment highly positive correlates with academic achievement.

459-468

Authors: Abdul Rashid Dar

Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965), was an American who made England his home and left behind him a wealth of influential literary works in prose, poetry, and drama. He came under the sway of contemporary European trends of art and literature and became one of the influential leaders of the modernist movement in poetry. He was a profound scholar and thinker, a product of diverse influences- literary, anthropological and philosophical. The literary influences of Elizabethan dramatists, English metaphysical, French symbolists and imagists are paramount in his poetry. As he had deeply studied the French imagist and symbolist poets, he gave imagism a dialect as well as a symbolist dimension and a tone of intellectual irony. His poetry marks a complete break from the nineteenth-century tradition. Reacting against subjectivism of romantic theory, he advocated his famous theory of impersonality of poetry. He demanded an objective authority of art and appreciated the order and completeness of classical poetry, the qualities which he tried to achieve in his own practice as a poet. His philosophy grew from continuous meditation through which he blossomed into a spiritualist. In his pursuit of giving a realistic representation in his poetry to life around him, he many a time becomes critical of the spiritual degeneration and expresses his despair over the utter hollowness of the contemporary civilization. By producing the poetic masterpieces like The Waste Land, The Hollow Men and Four Quartets, he inspired a young generation of English poets who appeared on the English literary scene in the years following the First World War.

475-480

Authors: Sujit R. Chandak

This paper shows how the Marwadi identity is not something derived from any one location and it looks at how it gets constructed in the very act of migration of the community. It deals with the question of how even if there is no one same place the semantic construction of the term ‘Marwadi’ throughout the country, wherever the community is found is similar. For the purpose of this paper the researcher has taken the frame of a novel in Marathi by Dr. Girish Jakhotiya Eka Marwadichi Goshtha, an autobiographical fiction by a Marwadi settled in Maharashtra, to analyze the community. The misconception that others have about the community and the community has about its own self and its links with the past are elaborated upon in this paper.

487-500

Authors: Srikonda Ramesh

This paper investigates native building materials used in a typical dwelling unit to understand the impact on the environment in terms of embodied and thermal energy. The dwelling unit designed and constructed using the local materials and local Artisans of Ravicherla, and estimated embodied the energy of 37.2% as compared to using conventional materials. Indoor air temperature found to be lower by 6-8 degrees lesser than the ambient air temperature 2 during summer. It has been analyzed that the local materials consume only about 37.32% of energy (1.09 GJ / m ) as 2 compared to a building with conventional materials which consumes about 2.92 GJ/ m . The indoor air temperature was o o found that the maximum temperature varies from 6 to 8 C as compared to an ambient air temperature of 45 C. The vernacular architectural practices provide an excellent solution to reduce the impact of buildings on ecology and environment with specific reference to Climate change.

513-524

Authors: Seema Vinayak & Anupreet Kaur Arora

The present study aimed to investigate social anxiety and peer pressure as predictors of materialism among adolescents. The sample for the current study consisted of 300 adolescents (150 males and 150 females) in the age group of 16-18 years of Chandigarh. The sample was administered a measure of Social Anxiety Scale (La Greca & Lopez, 1998) along with Peer Pressure Scale (Saini & Singh, 2010) and Youth Materialism Scale (Goldberg, Gorn, Peracchio, & Bamossy, 2003). Inter-correlation analysis, t-test, and simple linear regression analysis were applied. Results revealed that both social anxiety and peer pressure were positively related to materialism. Also, social anxiety and peer pressure were positively related to each other. It was found that social anxiety and peer pressure predict materialism in both male and female adolescents. Males were found to be high on social anxiety and materialism as compared to females. No significant gender differences were found on peer pressure.

533-536

Authors: Preeti Goel

Classroom studies mean only books and theoretical learning. Through internship, students not only get the working experience, but also learn to face the real challenges of workplace. An internship programmed is beneficial for students as well as for employers. Without being employed students can gain practical knowledge and learn what responsibilities and tasks the job entails.

545-548

Authors: A. Krishnamoorthi & R Jeyanthi

Learning depends on many factors like intelligence, aptitude, personality, motivation, socio-economic status, individual difference and personal factors like study at home; planning for work, the devotion of time for different subject etc among these factors the study habits plays an important role. The major objectives of the study were i) To find out whether there is a significant difference in mean scores of study habits with respect to gender, type of family, residency, and community. ii) To find out the extent of the relationship between study habits and academic achievement of students with respect to gender, type of family, residency, and community. The investigator selected as sample of 240 students of standard IX in Government AD welfare school in Dindigul district. The tool has 45 statements with five alternatives. The major findings of the study were i) Community of the students do not influence their study habits. ii) A relationship between study habits and achievement of girls was moderate.

555-558

Authors: Rajbir Kaur

The paper is an attempt to probe into the harsh realities of man’s existence on earth and how the class differences affect a man’s life and make his survival even more difficult. It is an attempt to explore the struggles of a commoner and his efforts and failures to live up to the standards set by the rich. The story of a commoner who wishes to identify himself with the rich and struggles to be like them but ends up disappointed and disgusted with the kind of treatment given to people like him for instance ,Kamla, a character in the novel. RupaBajwa through the protagonist Ramchand opens up a window to her world and presents a society which is highly divided between the rich and the rich and the rich and the poor. The story brings forth considerable insights into the contemporary Indian society and the constant struggles of a commoner for a better life, his desires, and aspirations and his failures and inabilities to fulfill his dreams. The streak of realism that runs throughout the story brings us face to face with therealities of life, where a poor man the protagonist of the story better called a subaltern, is bound to suffer and leads a mundane life of misery after all his efforts end up in nothingness. Ramchand a salesman at the Sevak Sari House and Kamla, wife of Chander are the representatives of subaltern under discussion.

567-570

Authors: Puja Pal & Amit Kumar

Recent National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government initiative to provide universal social security cover to the entire working population through ‘Labor Code of Social Security & Welfare’ is a welcome move. Although the draft in the present form fails to fulfill its stated objective and provides less than the existing benefits to the unorganized sector workers from whatever is available under the existing legislation. The draft needs to be rethinking and improved from the experience of the existing legal framework of Social Security such as Building & Other Construction Welfare Board.

1-6

Authors: Mamta Sharma, Sachin Gupta & Pooja Sharma M

With the market ‘flooded’ with job seekers, one would mistakenly think there is an abundance of talent available in the market but the biggest challenge faced by educational institutions in India is the acute shortage of qualified and competent faculties. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that institutions should design and pursue policies/mechanisms so as to compete well in the marketplace to retain the best faculty talent for them. There are a lot of factors that affect the retention of knowledge workers in an educational organizsation. The pPresent study aims to identify whether sound employee empowerment helps in retaining knowledge workers and to assess various elements of employee empowerment and their effect on employee retention. The area of study to respondents from Rajasthan State and the sample size is 100 faculty members of higher education. The Primary Data has been collected through questionnaire and interview and the Secondary Data has been collected with the help of journals, magazines, books, and internet. The rRandom sampling method was used in present study. The pPresent study concludes from the above that there is a relationship between employee empowerment and Employee Retention. It has analyzsed that Autonomy is a major factor that contributes toward employee retention and it has found that various elements of employee empowerment has a positive relationship between employees retention in higher education.

15-22

Authors: Hasannudin

A photograph on newspaper has been known for years as an illustration of the news which has the meaning behind of it. A photograph also used to strengthen the emotion described by the text. The used of a photograph in mass media is getting greater nowadays. However, nowadays photograph on newspaper used only for the complement of the news, the decorator, as if it does not have meaning at all. The Jakarta Post one of the online newspaper tries to portray the paost situation of natural disaster through their photographs. The cyclone Cempaka which has hits Java Island since the end of November 2017 has remained the condolence. This natural disaster which happened mostly in East Java and Yogyakarta, has taken several victims of the dead or declared missing. This news becomes a widespread topic in several media in Indonesia. This research aimed to examined the compositional meaning in terms of information value, salience, and framing of The Jakarta Post Online Newspaper Photographs portraying natural disaster. This study used visual grammar by Kress and Van Leuwen (2006) as the analytical tools to investigate compositional meanings. This study analyzed five Photographs from The Jakarta Post Online Newspaperportrayingnatural disaster of Cyclone Cempaka. As a result, the study revealed that The Jakarta Post’s Photographs tend to portray the physical destruction, especially private and public facilities building to gain emphathy from viewers.

31-46

Authors: Samuel Afriyie, Jianguo Du & Kingsley Appiah

Marketing blueprint has been central importance to businesses and a way for accomplishing collectively organizational performance. Our research annex to the current inquiry of marketing strategy by buttressing the connection between marketing mix overall organizational performance. An iInference from present literature facilitated a structure of a conceptual model that explains the inclusive organizational performance. Product standardization and adaptation, Pricing, Promotion, and Place have an influence on sales, customer satisfaction and monetary performance of firms. The study puts forward that the effects of the marketing elements of on performance influenced by the marketing program of adaptation and standardization

59-66

Authors: Shela Mary Varghese

Article 45 of the Indian constitution declares “The State shall endeavor to provide, within a period of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution, for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years.” However, it was only in 2002, that the 86th amendment to the Indian constitution made free and compulsory primary education a fundamental right. The legislation envisaged by this amendment cleared its final hurdle seven years later as the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act of 2009 came into force, which for the first time in India’s history made primary education a legal right. The RTE Act provides a legal framework to provide free and compulsory education for all children age 6- 14. It presents a tremendous opportunity to overhaul India’s education system and change the inequities that exist within it. The act is enormous in its scope, with various provisions that covers aspects of school management, curriculum, teacher qualifications, pupil- teacher ratio, physical infrastructure, as well as many other provisions regarding access, equity and quality. Moreover the Act also specifies proper mechanisms for its implementation. (Schechter, 2011

75-82

Authors: Uday Veer Singh & Shikha Mishra

Law and society both are interrelated to each other. Society changes overwith the decades. The process to change the society is very steady. The changes which come in the society are the consequences of various adjoining factors as education, technology, industrialization, globalization etc. These all variations do not only transcend our society and its' social structure but also transform the law. Laws are changed by following the process composed under the Constitution of the India. Law works in the context of the society. If the law, already prevailing in the society does not correlate and adjust with the requirements of the society then it can be held obsolete. It may be possible that something could not be grabbed by our society and nation before seventy years at the time of independence but that may be accepted in the present regime. Uniform Civil Code, though it is not enforced till the time when the rest of the provisions of the Constitution were enforced by taking into consideration the societal complexities in public policy but now the time has drastically changed and the code has become the need of the span for the survival of the society.

93-102

Authors: Lenny Nofriyani Adam

Gender difference in language use is always emphasized in any study of language and gender. Various different characteristics between men and women in the use of language are explained in many researches on the diversity of language, sorted by this social construction. This study examines the abbreviations used by men and woman in maintaining their words’ meaning. The objective is to describe the distinctive patterns of abbreviations used by women and men in maintaining their words’ meaning on the conversations in a WhatsApp group. This study based on the theory of from Lakoff which implies that women and men have difference variation in using language. The result of the finding analysis shows that there is a differentce in the abbreviation patterns used by the men and women in maintaining their words’ meaning in the conversation. Men tend to use constractions and acronyms. On the other hand, women tend to use abbreviation patterns of syncope and apocope. In addition, both of women and men are involving number pattern in the conversation

111-114

Authors: Ponnu Liz Malieckal

Margaret Atwood is a Canadian poet, novelist, literary critic and environmental activist. She is the winner of many prestigious awards and has been shortlisted for the Booker Prize five times, winning once. Margaret Atwood’s famous dystopian feminist novel, written in 1985 was always ahead of its time. Set in an imaginary land called Gilead1, the book is about a dystopian future where pollution, lifestyle and nuclear contamination have led to infertility. A theonomic2 military dictatorship regime has taken over the country and the belief is that now only God can save them. Atwood points out that the extreme nature of Gilead is a result of the conservative and feminist viewpoint espoused during the time she wrote the novel.

123-134

Authors: Vassiliki Pliogou&HarilaosZaragas

Family and school are primary child socialization institutions. They constitute social places where children learn to communicate, develop relationships and cultivate skills useful in the course of their lives. The concepts of "loss", "death" and "mourning" are demanding and sensitivethat is why handling these issues is becoming one of the most important skills in life. Loss is part of life and a child experiences it from an early age, when, for example, he/she loses his/her favorite toy or a puppy or when a person’s relativeis seriously ill and even when he/she daily lives with one of the two parents as a result of business responsibilities, divorce or death. Therefore, it is important that parents and teachers gradually contribute to the development of this skill by preschoolers as it will allow them to recognize process and express their emotions through realizing the loss and seeking for the supportive network. This paper is a literature review of researchers in which we attempt to outline children’s psychosocial consequences of loss and mourning according to their age, to give insights into the teachers' role in such a difficult issue in children's lives, to strengthen cooperation between family and school, and to present basic guidelines about the way we address children who experience a loss. Finally, we present sample educational material that could be used in the classroom to help students understand and develop relevant skills to contribute to shaping a positive attitude to teachers’ involvementin children's mourning and promotethe implementation of death-focused preventive educational programmed.

145-154

Authors: Har Lal Singh

Johad is a wonderful historical system of rainwater harvesting and conservation of Shekhawati region of Rajasthan state located in north-west of India. The people of the Rao-Raja's, Seth-Sahukara's, Samantas, landlords and general cast people hereby formed the people of this region, keeping in mind the scarcity of water in the area for their need and public welfare. This work was completed during the famed famine 'Chhapnia' of India. Johad is a unique symbol of architecture that is recorded in every town and villages of the region. Its shape is square or rectangular. Artistic umbrellas built at the entrances and corners. Within it, there is a resounding form of Yagyavedi, which is called 'Part'. Its deepest place is called 'Beech ki Chalabi'. With the flow of changing times due to administration and people's indifference, this water heritage is being destroyed. Which used to be the lifeline of people at any time? The unique paradigm of fair culture with the social harmony of the area, which is associated with the region. It this is not preserved, and then it will be destroyed as soon as it is destroyed, an important system of rainwater harvesting and social-cultural related to it. Presently, the lack of water has become a challenge for the whole world. I believe that if this heritage is preserved in a scientific way, then a large source of water can be recovered from the historical heritage and the culture associated with it can be preserved.

161-166

Authors: Dilbag Singh

The Gurdwara Reform Movement from 1920 to 1925 has occupied a very important place not only in the Sikh history, but also in the regional and national history. The Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (S.G.P.C) was the result of Akali Movement. Soon after the formation of the S.G.P.C. its military wing, the Shiromani Akali Dal was formed by uniting the local Akali Jathas under one central body in order to intensify struggle against the mahants. The peaceful agitation was adopted as a weapon to fight the vested interests in the Sikh shrines on the one hand and the bureaucratic machinery in Punjab on the other. This weapon proved very effective. The Akalis were supposed to take the oath that they would not resort to violence. One of the most striking features of the Gurdwara Reform Movement was that it was carried on in the true spirit of non-violence. The agitation was stopped in 1925, when Sikh Gurdwaras and Shrines Bill (The Sikh Gurdwara Act VIII of 1925) were passed on 28 July 1925.

173-180

Authors: Prosenjit Pal

India-Pakistan relations have been mired in conflict since their inception ass independent states-it remains virtually, as aptly quoted my Michael Brecher, as a constant state of an undeclared war. Any analysis of India-Pakistan relations has to analyzed in the backdrop of the insolvability of the Kashmir issue which has clouded over other issues and aspects of the relation, due to which stability and convergences seems to be like meager interruptions in between successive periods of instability and discord. The Kashmir issue has been a determinant of the level of relations since the Partition of the subcontinent in 1947 and still evades an amicable solution. The congenital animosity between these two Frontline states has shaped the politico-economic dynamics of the South Asian region. As a result, the security imperative has been a predominant aspect in Indo-Pakistani ties and especially in the context of the threat of global terrorism in the post-9/11 world. The aspect of terrorism as a factor of security has been an important dimension in India-Pakistan relations, especially since the 1990s. Other outstanding issues have been virtually relegated to the background in the face of Pakistan’s unrelentingly hardline stance on the Kashmir issue. Bilateral relations have been strained and held hostage to the Kashmir issue.

189-196

Authors: Sayantika Palit

This paper looks at the privileges and anxieties in the lives of white-collar corporate professionals in Delhi-NCR. They enter the corporate sector owing to their social and cultural capital. A closer look at the composition of the workforce in this sector points to the exclusion of the vast majority of marginalized castes and communities. However, using a qualitative approach, this paper highlights that lifestyle and consumption requirements create inconsistencies and anxieties in the lives of these people in the context of inflation and insecure nature of contemporary work.

295-302

Authors: Nayan M. Gadhia

Banks have the major role of accepting long term & short term deposit and lending money (Advances) to the borrowers. Bank advance means the advances of a specified amount of money to a business entity or an individual by a commercial bank. Advances plays a very important role in thebanking sector. On one hand, it’s generated interest income, which is the major sources of income for banks in the context of profit. On the other hand, if it’s got converted in to non-performing assets, then not only profit & loss but balance sheet also gets affected. The present study is more relevant in the current environment, as the Indian banking sector is facing a big problem of higher Nonperforming assets. The level of the NPA is comparatively higher in public sector banks than in private sector banks. To improve the productivity and profitability of the banking sector, the NPA need to be reduced and controlled with a particular focus. Additional preventive measures should be taken to control it. This study focus on GROSS-NPA, NET-NPA, NET-PROFIT, & TOTAL ADVANCE of a public sector bank (BANK OF BARODA) and a private sector bank (AXIS BANK). In this study, NET NPAs and NET PROFIT of the two banks are taken to measure correlation, and all GROSS NPA, NET NPAs and TOTAL ADVANCE are taken for tabular representation.

311-320

Authors: Nilimpa Ghosh

Economic security was always a vital and immediate concern of the developing countries. Following decolonization, the third world leaders have recognized economic development and consolidation of state legitimacy as the two primary concerns and India has been no exception to this. With the failure of the old strategy of autonomous development, the state today is in most cases undergoing a fundamental shift from a leader in a relatively controlled economy to manager in a relatively free market. The decreasing ability of the state to control the economic life within its jurisdiction, in turn pressurizes the states in attempting to meet its welfare goals. As economics go increasingly global, the state’s control over economic activity declines. The economic fate of its people is determined ever more by forces outside its borders. The recession in the American economy, which began with the crash of the Lehman Brothers at the beginning of the year 2008, has adversely affected the world economy. The Indian economy has also been hard- hit by this 1 global economic phenomenon rendering many Indians jobless.

335-344

Authors: Pradeesh Kumar S.

Road accidents have become a serious economic and social problem. According to a 2015 report by World Health Organizations, every year 1.3 million lives are lost and 50 million suffer from serious injuries on the roads across the world. The major brunt is borne by low and middle-income countries. It is predicted that without appropriate countermeasures, this problem will become the third leading cause of death in the world by 2020. Considering the severity of the problem, the United Nations is observing the decade of 2011 to 2020 as the ‘Decade of Action for Road Safety’, with the objective of achieving zero accident rate by 2020. All its member countries, including India, have set out ambitious plans and policies to achieve the desired objective. India registers a high rate of road accident fatalities and injuries every year. Kerala, the southern state of the Indian union, which accounts for only 2 percent of the geographical area and 4 percent of the population of the nation, registers around 7 to 9 percent of road accidents in the country. Kerala, commonly known for its paradoxical development pattern, high human development with low economic growth, labeled “Kerala model of development”, faces serious repercussions because of the involvement of people from the most productive age group in road accidents. Against this background, this paper attempts to analyze the road accidents of the state in the national context, based on data gathered from the annual reports of Ministry of Road Transport and Highways on “Road Accidents in India”.

351-358

Authors: Monika Agrawal

The present paper “The Theme of Agonized Childhood in The God of Small Things and The White Tiger" deals with the analytical study of the present topic. Here it is attempted to discover how they have dealt with the traditional subject with inventive style; how their method for saying things cause a stir in the minds. In this manner, the detail study uncovers that the genuine idea behind their writing is to strip and assault the roots of ordeals. The emphasis has been on how they have displayed in the topic of the loss of youth, which chocked and rotted the buoyant qualities of childhood. Both the writers have created a new dimension not only escaping from the mire of stale themes, but evolving new artistic styles, which have definitely strengthened the Indian writing in English.

367-378

Authors: Tejil Thomas & Suresh T. S

The world is presently in a tech era, where the technology offers different ways for future growth. In the area of finance too, the technological development is now playing a drastic innovative role. India is now on the path of digital financial inclusion. The knowledge or awareness about new technology or a new functionality will definitely motivate the proposed users to make a try of it. The current study aims at measuring the knowledge regarding digital financial inclusion and its related aspects among the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. The analysis found that majority of the respondents are having knowledge regarding some of the means of digital financial inclusion and the others are still unknown and untapped. Digital financial inclusion helps in anytime and anywhere banking and the means of digital financial inclusion helps in the correct allocation of benefits in the marginalized sections of the society. The Structural Equation Modelling has been used for testing the validity and the fit of the knowledge model developed based on the study. Mann Whitney U Test is applied to test the hypothesis.

383-388

Authors: P. Mohanraj & S. Dhivya

Social Marketing is a planned process for influencing consumers and its components of marketing and consumer research, advertising and promotion play important role in topics like health, environment, and other important issues. Impact of Social Marketing on Consumer Responsibility Project is taken up to understand the influence of social marketing campaigns on consumer perception and behavior. Social Marketing combines the best elements of the traditional approaches to social change in an integrated planning and action framework Thus the role of market research agencies becomes crucial in determining not only the target audience, but also in studying their likes and dislikes, motivations, drives and behavior that may aid or deter the efforts taken to bring about behavior change. We find that the awareness of social campaigns can influence the consumers’ responsibility. Since social campaigns also impact the goodwill of the brand it is important for consumers to establish the association correctly. The aim of a social cause is to influence a change in the consumers’ behavior in a positive way. The level of awareness of these campaigns, brands, brand ambassadors and parent company among the respondents was identified. The influence these campaigns have on the brand loyalty, consumer behavior and how the respondents prioritize these campaigns were checked.

397-404

Authors: A. Senthil Kumar

The effects of stress in other than the personal sense are difficult to estimate. Work stress in the industry may be estimated in monetary terms in the amount of lost production but in teaching the loss is defined in terms of the departure of skilled teachers, impairment of teaching skills, or even premature death. In the field of engineering education, there is a need to investigate the level of stress among engineering teachers and consequences of stress that affects the teachers. Thus the study sets out to investigate the level of stress among selected engineering faculty members of 62 self-financing engineering educational institutions in the Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu. This article finds out the association between the level of stress and psychological and physical consequences of work stress among teachers of self-financing engineering institutions. Chi-square test was used to analyze the data.