IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature

5-14

Authors: BADRIYEH MIRZAIE RIZI, MOHD. AKHTAR SIDDIQUI, REZA AFSHAR MOGHADDAM & SHANKAR MUKHERJEE

The process of teaching and learning English in Iran is not satisfactory. Most of the Iranian students, who have passed seven years of learning English (from junior to secondary school), fail to acquire expected level of proficiency in English. In the Indian context also, a high percentage of school dropouts who were taught English for about six periods per week for six years, leave their schools as ignorant of English usage. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the existing problems of teaching and learning English as a foreign/second language in the secondary schools of Iran and India. Material & Method: The samples consist of 400 randomly selected government secondary school students, (200 Iranian and 200 Indian), and 20 English teachers of the same schools. The questionnaires mainly focused on language usage, teaching strategies, medium of instruction and English textbooks. Results & Discussions: Indian students found to have better access to English audio-visual aids, they read English newspapers and magazines more than five times as compared to the Iranians and majority of them find the contents of their English textbooks interesting. The extent of speaking English in their English classes was higher than the Iranians.

21-24

Authors: ABIDHA BEEGUM V. S

Right to service is an essential service available to all citizens irrespective of their age, caste, race and class etc. But in the case of senior citizens, by considering their weakness, a special consideration and protection can be given. Even the Constitution of India addressing this privileged group to a certain extent. More consideration is given by Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, National Council for Older Persons, Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Finance and Union Budgets, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare etc. So this paper trying to address the real problems of senior citizens in the light of Kerala Right to Service Act and looking for sufficient consideration in this regard.

35-44

Authors: Y. RAMACHANDRA REDDY & SURYA PRAKASH

Born into a Sikh family which had earlier been involved in revolutionary activities against the British Raj, as a teenager Bhagat Singh studied European revolutionary movements and was attracted to anarchist and Marxist ideologies. He became involved in numerous revolutionary organisations, and quickly rose through the ranks of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) to become one of its main leaders, eventually changing its name to the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in 1928. Seeking revenge for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai at the hands of the police, Singh was involved in the murder of British police officer John Saunders. He eluded efforts by the police to capture him. Soon after, together with Batukeshwar Dutt, he undertook a successful effort to throw two bombs and leaflets inside the Central Legislative Assembly while shouting the slogan of revolution. The two men were arrested, as they had planned to be. Held on this charge, he gained widespread national support when he underwent a 116-day fast in jail, demanding equal rights for British and Indian political prisoners. During this time, sufficient evidence was brought against him for a conviction in the Saunders case, after trial by a Special Tribunal and appeal at the Privy Council in England. He was convicted and subsequently hanged for his participation in the murder, aged 23. His legacy prompted youth in India to begin fighting for Indian independence and he continues to be a youth idol in modern India, as well as the inspiration for several films. He is commemorated with a large bronze statue in the Parliament of India, as well as a range of other memorials.

53-56

Authors: R. K. SADІKOVA

The main direction of the article – is a historical origin of a great holiday “Nauryz” which has been developed within many centuries and since then is a holiday of people in the world; it also has impact on upbringing of the youth. The main issue is celebration of Nauryz in Kazakhstan; it must be the basis of education and upbringing of the youth. Kazakhs call March as "Nauryz", believing that it is the period of awakening the nature, pealing a thunder, beginning of spring. Celebration of Nauryz is associated with many traditions. Since 30th of September 2009 year Nauryz was included UNESCO, in representative list of materialistic cultural heritage of humanity, from this time 21st of March is declared as International Day Nauryz.

73-86

Authors: POOJA SINGH

The return and volatility trade off persist throughout the market. According to nerdy sounding financial jargons saying, more risk offers more return. It means risk and return are proportional to each other. More volatile day give high return than that of less volatile period. The study helps in developing the market strategy and policy formation for government to take corrective action in market promotion and investors to decide for the right time to enter in the market by hedging risk. The daily return as well as volatility is useful at several places like policy makers, regulators, market participants and investors. The indices show extreme positive and negative price movement. The irregularities in the market have created high fluctuation from the mean value of the return. Volatility in Indian stock market will show alot for market development. Indian stock market are by and large stable and volatility has been under control. The development of any market requires removal of bottlenecks on supply as well as demand side, while putting in place alongside sound institutional and legal framework. As the market evolution is an ongoing process, the Indian equity market would have to continuously strive to keep up to the international standards.

93-96

Authors: SARA ABASI, MAHJOOBEH SAFIKHANI & ZEINAB YOUSEFI

The aim of this article is to study Kevin Brockmeier’s Things that Fall from the Sky (2002) from Magic Realist viewpoint. Things that fall from the Sky is a short story which is selected from a short story collection titled Things that Fall from the Sky. Magic Realism is a literary movement that tries to give real states to the world of mind. The movement originated in the fiction writings of Latin American writers describes the world of reality and challenges the traditional perceptions of the ordered world which underpins realist fictions pretentions to reproduce reality in literature. In Postmodernism, skepticism and doubt are the tools of writers. Postmodern authors do not put force on people to accept the truth, but readers are free to accept the vision of truth which they believe.

103-122

Authors: MANPREET KAUR

The need of the individual and the requirements of the society are never identical. But the flexible person is resolve the two demands into an acceptable synthesis. In every School, we can perceive adolescent who differ greatly in their School, we can get adolescent who differ greatly in their tolerance of frustration and conflicts and in the type of adjustment without under stress and strain. An adolescent who adjust well can be regarded as a young person who experiences relatively little tension in his daily activities contrariwise, an adolescent who habitually adjusts poorly tends to experience tension to a marked degree. Main intention of research exertion is to estimate the carious problems of adolescence and their effect on behavior of the individual. The findings also call for further inquiry into affective family, home, school, social relations so as to cause least frustration in the adolescence.

131-142

Authors: PROTUS NATHAN UZORMA & JOHN NWANEGBO-BEN

Before now, hostage-taking and kidnapping have existed in varied forms and for varied reasons in Nigeria. But they were not known to be among the business ventures Nigerians are known for. However today, they have become a big industry and a steady source of income for many, particularly in the South-East. The duo crimes thrive almost in the entire neighbourhood in this region and the adjoining states. Many residents know the traders, where they operate, but watch helplessly as the culture of the area seems to consider any criminal venture that yields wealth to their citizens as “business,” especially if the criminal operates in areas far from home. What are the reasons behind this illicit business? Why and how are they flourishing in this region? Who are the perpetrators of the crime? What are their effects in the country? What is the Nigeria Police Force doing about it? These and many more form the fulcrum of this discussion.

151-156

Authors: NEGAR SEIFZADEH & B. YADAVA RAJU

Voice appropriation' or 'cultural appropriation' might be defined as the practice by authors, and novelists who create themes, or 'voices' from cultures not of their own, mostly with first person intimacy and the implied authority of a person of the 'inside'. The dictionary meaning of 'appropriation ' is' using something that belongs to someone else', usually without having the right to do so. 'Narrative technique' and 'voice appropriation' are the two interdependent literary terms which will help writers and and to create readers' fantastic aid to decode fiction. The present study aims to focus on the modern English novels, written by Indian novels written by Indian novelists. It is proposed to study and examine the problem of speaking or writing about other cultures, and on behalf of minority groups of society, considering issues selected to the categories such as 'caste', 'gender', ethnicity', and 'race' in the selected Indian English fiction. In the process, the narrative technique and tone/voice adopted to represent certain characters would also be taken up. Even when a writer makes an attempt to represent a society /culture or caste not of his own, she should be well prepared to compass a work of art more convincingly and authentically. This one can do, only when one cultivates the right attitude and opinion about whom he is going to represent or write about. Four Novels which are selected are: R.K Narayan.The Dark Room (1938, Eyre), Mulk Raj Anand. Untouchable (1935), Shashi Deshpande That Long Silence, Penguin (paperback 1989), Arundhati Roy The God of Small Things (1997)