Vìsnik Dnìpropetrovsʹkogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Ìstorìâ ta arheologìâ

4-15

Authors: Shliakhov O. B.

The article deals with the main milestones of the Professor S.I. Svitlenko's biography, the life and creative path as the famous Ukrainian historian, a dean of the Historical Faculty of the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University. The author defined his contribution to the development of historical education and science

29-42

Authors: Sviatets Yu. A.

The article analyzes the main information collision of historical knowledge, which consists in physical inaccessibility of events and phenomena of the past as an object of historical science for a historian as an investigator. The aim of the research is to formulate and discuss a working hypothesis about the information field of historical science. The article provides an analytical background on the main ideas and approaches in the field of modern information field theory. The author carries out the projection of the main provisions of the information field theory on historical research. It is shown that the information field is a really existing information carrier that provides its acquisition, transportation, storage and visualization, as well as provides information and knowledge recorded in various forms, realizes cultural communications. One of the manifestations of such a culture is the sign systems, which determine certain contexts. Signs are characterized by polysemy. Despite artificial origin, semiotic reality is objective. Simultaneously, signs provide intellectual activity of people. Mental signs in the historical process of use by society acquire additional meanings, generating new symbols. Polysemy shapes the problem of epistemological uncertainty of two stages – identifying the problem and solving it. Historians as researchers resort to cognitive models, which, thanks to the translational function, ensure the transfer of information from the known to the unknown. One of the explanations of polysemy is the theory of conceptual integration, according to which the structures of the original mental spaces are projected onto a new, constructed, mental space – blend. This is the result of a person's intellectual ability to create new meanings on the basis of the available ones. Since signs and symbols are multi-valued, they form a multiplicity of retrospective scenarios of historical research at the stage of problem formulation. At the stage of its solution, the historian interacts actively with the information field, which consists in verifying empirical data of available scientific hypotheses. At this stage, the historian conducts heuristic, axiological and selection work, which results in the authorʼs version of the historiography.

49-56

Authors: Repan O. A.

Bohorodyts'ka and Starosamars'ka hundred (sotnya)is an unique Cossack formations. They existed in a territorial isolation from the Hetmanate and Slobozhanshchyna, on the lands of the Zaporozhian Sich. The study of these formations will better understand the policy of the Russian government in relation to the Sich, to find out the methods by which the state authorities planned to put Zaporizhzhya Cossacks under their control. We do not know when the Bohorodyts'ka hundred (sotnya) arose. Now the first mention in the documents dates back to 1700. The Russian government planned to create a Cossack regiment (polk) here, but in reality was founded a Cossack hundred (sotnya). Ivan Mazepa, as an autonomous ruler, wanted to include this formation in the structure of Hetmanate, but a hundred (sotnya) was subject to the authority of a representative of the Russian administration – the Kiev governor. The hundreds (sotnya) were liquidated as a result of Russia's defeat in the war with Turkey and the signing of the Prut peace in 1711. We do not know when the Cossack hundred (sotnya) was restored under the name Starosamars'ka. This happened in the late 1730s – early 1740s. In 1744, the Starosamarsʼka hundreds became part of the Poltava regiment (polk) of the Hetmanate. The administrative apparatus of the hundreds was predominantly similar to other hundreds of Hetmanates, but the real power of the Cossack officers was a bit lower here. During the existence of the Starosamars'ka hundreds, such a body of self-government was preserved as a council (rada) that was not typical for the Hetmanate in this period. This was due to the fact that the peoples could easily escape from their power and move to neighboring settlements and recognize the jurisdiction of the Zaporozhska Sich. The population of hundreds and officers consisted mainly of immigrants from the left bank of the Dnieper, to a lesser extent – from immigrants from the right bank. Summing up, I note that the Bohorodyts'ka and Starosamars'ka hundred (sotnya) appeared as instruments of control of the Russian government over the colonization of Zaporizhye cossacklands. The Bohorodyts'ka hundred (sotnya), as far as we can judge, was under the direct authority of the Kiev governor. Starosamars'ka hundred (sotnya) became part of the Hetmanate. This is due to the fact that in the 1740s the Russian government was already convinced of the reliable control over the Hetmanate, although at the end of the 17th century there was no such control. Zaporizhska Sich fought both with legal and violent methods with this hundred (sotnya), which was located on the lands of the Zaporozhian Cossacks. The Starosamars'ka hundred (sotnya) ceased to exist in October 1761, when its territory entered the jurisdiction of the Zaporozhzhya Sich.

66-71

Authors: Slivenko V. A.

The author has identified the causes of crime VUChK staff of 1919−1922. In the 1919−1922 most crimes of VUChK staff were made for profit. Officials crimes were committed because of the low level of the material condition of staff VUChK. Excess of official powers be explained by the lack of regulatory framework, low professional and cultural level VUChK staff. The author believes that in this period of great importance was the factor of "revolutionary euphoria" that would justify the use of any means "in the name of ideals of the revolution". In some cases, there have been psychic pathologies of professionals. Another cause of the majority of official crimes was the excessive use of alcoholic drinks. The fight against crime VUChK staff was not always successful. But the fight against crime officers always been a systematic character and did not allowed this social evils to transformed into a global problem. Often the effectiveness of the fight against crimes VUChK staff has been reduced because of factors such as too lenient sentences and connivance, particularly in cases of unscrupulous performance of official duties.

82-87

Authors: Skira Yu. R.

Start of the campaign for the rescue of the Jews by the Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky in August 1942 is studied in the article. The author begins with an analysis of the August campaign in 1942 as a massive Holocaust of Lvivʼs Jewish community. He focuses on the fact that a foreboding of imminent catastrophe felt by some Jews led them, in despair, to address the Head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. A visit of Rabbis Dawid Kahane and Kalman Chameides started the campaign for the rescue of Jewish children from Lviv Ghetto. Active rescue efforts regarding adult Jews were made during the August operation. Some sources allow us to assert that sheltering the Jews in cellars of St. Georgeʼs Cathedral architectural complex was not a one-time act of commitment but an ongoing rescue operation under conditions of growing genocide. Events that took place in August 1942 became the turning point for Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky and Lviv Jews and their relationship, since they started the process of rescuing people deprived of the right to live by the Nazis. This rescuing campaign developed during the following months of autumn 1942.

96-110

Authors: Venger A. H., Portnova T. V.

The article describes life and professional activity of Yakov Rubin, Soviet historian and pedagogue, specialist in medieval history. Special attention is given to the description of the university museum, created by Rubin in Dnipropetrovsk university in the end of 1940 – at the beginning of 1950s. Rubin is a vivid example of the intellectual of Jewish original, who started a successful pedagogical and scientific carrier in early Soviet times. He was born in Dolginovo (Vilens'ka gubernia), raised in traditional Jewish familyand presumably studied in yeshivah, but after 1917 radically casted aside the life of shtetl. He finished Kharkiv teaching seminary, and later the Minsk university, and gained the diploma of the historian. In the end of 1920s Rubin became the active participant of the korenizatsiaya campaign in Belarussian Soviet Republic, writing numerous textbooks in Yiddish for Jewish schools. He also became of research worker of the Jewish sector in Belarus Academy of sciences. The majority of his works then were devoted to the history of class struggle and promotion of antireligious propaganda. After korenizatsiya was stopped, Ya. Rubin, alongside with many other his colleagues, was criticized for "nationalistic distortions". He was forced to leave his position, though managed to avoid direct repressions and continued scientific carrier as museum worker and lecturer. In 1944 Ya. Rubin, after evacuation from occupied Belarus, arrived to Dnipropetrovsk and headed the department of world history here. He tried to support medieval studies here. One of the main steps in this direction was the creation of special didactical museum. The museum emerged from Rubin's passion for visual methods of teaching – it was expected to make middle ages more visible and vital for history students. Though the museum emerged spontaneously (from the materials, gathered by Ya. Rubin as illustrations for his lectures) and existed by bare enthusiasm of the historian and his students, by the middle of 1950s it had an integral exposition. The ideological message of the museum totally corresponded with the official Soviet historiography: the exposition focused on the glorification of the Russian military victories in the past, anti-church and anti-clergy propaganda and history of class-struggle in Middle Ages. After Rubin's retirement in 1962 the museum declined, but hadn't perished. It changed its specialization and turned into museum of Dnipropetrovsk university, which exists till now.

119-123

Authors: Nikiliev O. F.

It is analyzed the results of the companies due to the providing with agricultural industry by the specialists with high and secondary agricultural education that are exampled in the politics of the state about the powered development of agrarian sphere of the country in a short period. It is mark that the results of realization of agrarian program that was made in 1953 in the part of intellectualization the material sphere of collective farms industry, were unidentified. From one side the radical organized economical changes were happened, the result of what was the change of accent in the system of formation the staffʼs potential of the village. During these changes the specialists were concentrated in the economies and were having the personal responsibilities for the results of actions of the serving and departments. The dates of transformation were accompanied as quantity and quality changes in the staff structure of the leading and governing links of collective farms. From the other side in the middle of 1960th the situation of their security was far away from the necessities of the material sphere of the village in the whole and also in the concrete directions of the agricultural industry.

139-147

Authors: Kovalkov O. L.

А role and place of soldiery and civil advisers as an important instrument of soviet politics in the Democratic republic of Afghanistan are investigated in the article. It is well-proven that on a quantity, scales of activity and sphere of plenary powers the institute of soviet advisers in Afghanistan did not have analogues in history of the "cold war". The attempt of determination of degree of efficiency of realization of orders of soviet guidance by advisers is realizable. Factors that influenced on their activity are found out. Question about responsibility of soviet advisers for the failure of socialistic experiment in the Democratic republic of Afghanistan discussed in the article. Also heaved up the problem of interpretation of institute of the soviet advisers as an important instrument of the soviet occupation Afghanistan in 1979–1989. The researches based foremost on the memoirs of the soviet advisers. Like research is at first carried out in Ukrainian historiography.

154-165

Authors: Voronov V. I.

The author analyzes scientific studies of M. S. Hrushevsky, which directly or indirectly are connected with Old East Slavic chronicles characteristics as specific historical sources. The article determines famous scientistʼs conceptual approaches to such topics as chronicles texts' attribution, determination of the content authenticity, information capabilities to investigate the history of the Kievan Rus'. It is ascertained, what are the main problematic issues, discrepancies, thematic and conceptual lacunae according to the M. Hrushevsky were the obstacle while researching Old East Slavic chronicles as a sources complex in the Ukrainian historiography of 20th century. The most weighty contribution was made by M. S. Hrushevsky to the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle studies. He reconstructed in depth the chronology of Galician-Volhynian Chronicle, and proved that this chronicle was firstly composed as a narrative ignoring dates. Only later some-one filled out the dates while editing the text, but "in a very random and false way". The author of the article makes a conclusion that in general M. Hrushevsky has described Old East Slavic chronicles as a "golden age of Kievan Rus' culture". However, only poor fragments of the chronicleʼs tradition remained by the turn of 20th century, being interrupted by the Mongol invasion. That's why the scientist warned historians against attributing the Old East Slavic chronicles with irrelevant "significant forms", since as reported in his researches there werenʼt enough sources to make such conclusions. The article demonstrates that the most typical features of the chronicles according to M. Hrushevsky were: significant impact of the Christian ideology, symptomatic loyalty to "knyaz-druzhina" system (governing classes in Kievan Rus'), content originality and stylistic ingenuousness, predominating collectivity and anonymity of the authorship. It is stated that Ukrainian historian has also defined main challenges for future researchers of Old East Slavic chronicles as historical sources. These challenges are aimed at the reconstruction of chronicles initial look (deprived of following supplements) through the comparison study of different collections and fragments.

175-181

Authors: Luchka L. M.

The works by archimandrites Havriil (V. F. Rozanov) and Feodosiy (O. G. Makarevsky), historians A. O. Skalkovsky, D. I. Yavornitsky and V. O. Bidnov were the first documents on the history of the monastery (Novomoskovsk, Dnipropetrovsk Region). The monastery suffered from raids, fires, epidemics and robberies. The monastic archives were largely lost in the military operations. A lot of original documents didnʼt survive. The epidemic of 1750 did a great damage. The paper archive, infected things and monastery items were burned. The archive consisted of clerical documents, volumes of ancient laws, manuscripts and correspondence. The archive contained some other documents of great importance. They are so-called Universals, 11 statements with seals of Zaporizhian Sich Kosh (Leader) and priorsʼ complaints. The monastery archive contained manuscripts by the last Kosh Otaman (leader) − P. Kalnyshevsky. The archive included documents of state and local authorities and supreme church governing boards – reports, orders, decrees, warrants referring to the monastery property, inventories of monastery household items. A certain percentage of documents was correspondence among priors referring to internal discipline and economic life of the monastery. The names of famous visitors of the monastery are known: archimandrites Havriil and Feodosiy, A. O. Skalkovsky, A. P. Chirkov, P. M. Sochinskiy, V. D. Mashukov, D. I. Yavornitsky and V. O. Bidnov. They worked with documents and left published articles, essays and reviews. Except manuscripts the monastery had printed editions. The monastery library kept 150 liturgical books of Kyiv and Moscow publishing of the 17th − 18th centuries. Six printed books from Samara Desert-Nicholas Monastery are kept in Dnipropetrovsk National Historical Museum. The library collection of the 19th century was quite big. The research of the archive and the library of the monastery give an opportunity to highlight some of the unknown facts on library science and find rare editions of Ukrainian culture heritage.

189-200

Authors: Arkhireyskyi D. V.

The information content of the journals (minutes) of the meetings of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian State (1918) is investigated, which makes it possible to clarify the specifics of governmental agrarian policy. Information on the influence of the German and Austro-Hungarian military command on the agrarian policy of Ukraine, the peculiarities of land ownership and agrarian relations, the food and price policy of the Ukrainian government, and attempts at agrarian and land reform are discussed. The journals of the meetings of the Council of Ministers contain information about the emergence of a peasant rebel movement, caused in general by the unsuccessful agrarian activity of Hetman P. Skoropadsky, and also about government measures aimed at suppressing this movement. The investigated documentary complex should be recognized as an important source on the history of not only the Ukrainian State, its agrarian policy, but also the insurrectional movement and the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917−1921 generally.

215-224

Authors: Gubrienko P. S.

The article deals with the history of the study of nomadic antiquities of the 9th – 16th centuries steppe zone Dnipro and Azov region of Ukraine. The author analyzed the features of the first excavations of archaeological monuments of late nomads in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The initial stage of the archeology of the nomads of the 9th – 16th centuries on the Ukrainian lands is considered.