Homosporticus

4

Authors: Edin Mirvic, Eldan Kapur, Faris Rasidagic, Nermin Nurkovic and Milomir Trivun

The main goal of this research was to examine the decrease in lung capacity influenced by load caused by swimming, that is, to what extent the fatigue affects the change in lung capacity and to what extent the maximal inhalation and exhalation after the 200m crawl technique section is decreased. Inadequate breathing (inadequate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide) causes fatigue more quickly. Breathing in water, due to hydrostatic pressure, is harder than breathing ashore. Therefore, it is harder to keep the swimmer’s body position in water. It is harder to overcome the forces which interfere the swimming, the coordination is being obstructed as well as the swimming technique. All that weakens the result, therefore the attention should be on the education of breathing technique during swimming specifically. Accordingly, the goal of this research has been set – “to determine the decrease in lung capacity influenced by load caused by swimming.” If the decrease of lung capacity is proven, the significance of training in swimming technique is affirmed. Students of the second year at Faculty of Sports and Physical Education of University of Sarajevo were involved for the research – 26 male students. During the research, four measures of the lung capacity were done, which showed that load caused by swimming influences the lung capacity negatively. T-test did not show any statistically significant difference (p=0.558) for the maximal expiratory pressure for the first second of measurement at standing in water and lying in water (p=0.225). The indicator in the sixth second, at standing in water, showed significant difference a (p=0.038, η2=0.16). At lying position, in the sixth second, the difference which was also significant (p=0.006, η2=0.27). Significant correlation of air flow in the first measurement – standing in water (p=0.023, η2=0.17) and second measurement – lying in water (p=0.050, η2=0.14) was noted. In conclusion it can be argued that the load caused after the 200m crawl technique section affects the lung capacity negatively and obstructs the breathing. As a recommendation for further work with students, but also for other swimmers of similar characteristics, it is necessary to dedicate more lessons to the practice of breathing technique.

5

Authors: Eldan Kapur, Anel Dračić, Edinela Gračić and Maida Šahinović

Non-contact ACL injuries are more common in female, than in male athletes. One of the possible risk factors discussed were morphologic variations in intercondylar notch height and width. The supposed pathomechanism of injury was related to a narrower and higher built intercondylar notch in female in regard to male athletes. We measured 2 intercondylar notch morphometric parameters and their indices of 100 dry human femora as to estimate the values and differences of intercondylar notch morphology in men and women. We determined that there is a difference between linear morphometric parameters of the intercondylar notch between male and female samples. The mean for both samples, regarding ICW, was 18.71±3.82 mm with the maximum value being 32 mm and minimum 10 mm. For male ICW values the mean was 19.32±4.25 mm with the maximum value being 32 mm and minimum 10 mm. Female ICW value mean was 18,04±3.40 mm with the maximum value being 25 mm and minimum value being 10 mm. The ICH value mean in both genders was 28,00±4.48 mm with the maximum value of 40 mm and minimum 15 mm. The male ICH values mean was 29.05±5.58 mm with maximum value being 40 mm and minimum 15 mm. Female ICH values mean was 26. 85±4.12 mm with the maximum value of 35 mm and minimum value 16 mm. No gender difference was found between intercondylar notch geometrical indices and as such the intercondylar notch geometrical indices cannot be used to explain the more often occurence of non- contact injuries in female athletes.

5

Authors: Mensur Vrcić, Erol Kovačević, Denis Čaušević, Amila Hodžić and Ensar Abazović

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal rest period between PAP and medicine ball throwing, and to verify that the performance of the explosive strength of upper limbs was improved when it was preceded by 3x3 90% of 1RM on the incline bench press. Fifteen male respondents (age = 21 ± 1.53; body mass = 73.75 ± 5.18) students of Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo, participated in this research. Respondents throw the ball from sitting position, and 3, 5, 7, 10 minutes after the activation stimulus - incline bench press 3x3 90% 1RM. Analyzing the obtained results, an acute increase in the distance of the medicine ball throw was detected. The highest statistically significant pre and post-AP changes occurred in the seventh minute and amounted to 17 cm and 2.89% (p = 0.033). 3x3-90% 1RM IBP results in statistically significant PAP effects and optimal recovery time is 7 minutes.

5

Authors: Izet Bajramović, Ćamil Habul, Munir Talović, Slavenko Likić, Nermin Nurković and Amel Mekić

The aim of this study is to determine effects of 8-weeks long muscle endurance training with the weight of body in case of recreational athletes. Study included 10 males (age 26.4 ± 1.2; 181.38 ± 5.64 cm and 84.49 ± 11.29 kg). Three muscular endurance trainings per week were performed during the program. Modified types of conventional body exercises, which include basic models of movements for the whole body are included in the program. Training load was dosed by position of the body, speed of exercise performance, number of series of a certain exercise (3-5 x 3-5), number of repetitions (10-25) and length of passive recovery between series of exercises (30-90 sec). The following variables were used: maximal number of pull-ups in 60”, maximal number of squats in 60”, maximal number of push-ups in 60”, maximal number of rotational forward bends of the body in 30”; body extension hang ; left arm hang under the angle of 90°; right leg hang under 90° and pull-ups hang. Results of the T-test for dependent samples were statistically significant differences between two measurements (p<0.01). Muscular endurance of recreational athletes can be significantly improved by continuous and programmed exercises using the whole body as basic loading. Coaches need to consider implementation of training of strength with your own body, due to its useful effects.

8

Authors: Nikola Utvić, Aleksandar Pejčić, Radenko Arsenijević and Ljubiša Lilić

Introduction: Flexibility is defined as a maximum mobility amplitude. Flexibility drops with the age. It is very well known that a physical activity stands out as a decisive factor in terms of quality lifestyle, which, at the same time, prevents and reduces various physical and psychological age-associated changes. Stretching exercises or flexibility excercises are particularly important part of each training programme as they increase the mobility span at joints, relax muscles and ease everyday activities, making a body more flexible and helping in the prevention from injuries. Methods: The works through two databases PubMed, Cihnal, Embase, Open-J-Gate i Google Scholar have been sought. The works of experimental character on exminees over 60 years of age have been analyzed. The works dealing with the issue of flexibility directly or indirectly through a research by its very content, have been sought. Results: By initial database search we have come across with a preliminary figure of 3810 works, which have consequently produced 16 works by a meta-analysis, being analysed in details, from which a comprehensive conclusion has been eventually inferred. Conclusion: Exercise including joints relaxation by its content, such as water exercise, then the one excluding uncoordinated rash motions by its content, such as pilates, has been scientifically proved to be beneficial to the elderly population.