Society. Environment. Development

3

Authors: T.V. Sholomova

The question why F.M. Dostoyevsky made N. V. Stavrogin the graduate of the Alexander Lyceum’s graduate was is considered in the article. The choice of the student place of study for his literary character is never wasn’t random. The Lyceum played the a big role in the writer’s live – a lot of his friends were as the Lyceum’s graduates, such as the members of the Petrashevsky Circle, including M.V. Butashevich-Petrashevski. The Lyceum wasn’t a hotbed of the freethinking, but some famous revolutionariesonists studied there: from Decembrists to the October Revolution’s participants. But the most important thing (in the contrast to a democracy University) is that the Lyceum was exclusively noble a study place for nobility, with a tendency to isolationism, that strictly supported only noble culture and despised others. Exactly Varvara Petrovna’s striving to underscore the exclusivity of her only son might have been the reason that forced her to make that decision.

4

Authors: M.B. Birzhakov, A.I. Klimin, L.A. Ozimina

The article deals with topical issues of the conceptual definition of “accommodation services” in terms of applying the Federal law “About bases of tourist activity in the Russian Federation”, “Rules of providing hotel services” and other normative acts relating to the abolition in January 1, 2017, Allrussian classifier OKUN. Discusses the inadequacy or absence of regulatory definitions of “accommodation services”, it loses objective meaning of the concept of “tourproduct”, which is used in the overwhelming number of provisions of Federal law. Proposals are given to clarify the description and application of the term “accommodation services” for the classifier as a set of separate hospitality services.

4

Authors: D.Yu. Ignatev

The new kalokagathia project in the context of the educational experiments (XVIII - the beginning of the XIX centuries) is the article main theme. The Imperial Alexander Lyceum is considered to be the crucial point in accumulating the main streams in moral philosophy searches of that time. From this point of view the Lyceum is studied as an institution for creating the new image of a man for a transformed Empire. The figure of Russian poet Alexander Pushkin as the new kalokagathia ideal bearer is in the centre of author’s attention. Pushkin phenomenon in the unity of his biography and literature is stated to be the demarcation line between the theoretical moral declarations and the new life style aesthetic canon determining the real behavior models.

5

Authors: K.V. Sultanov, A.A. Gryakalov, A.S. Stepanova, M.L. Lezgina, S.A. Martynova

The article considers the epistemological and value characteristics of modern philosophical ideas. The problem of uncertainty as a general background of reflection is actualized. Showing the productive actions of the domestic philosophical thought in terms of the formation of the philosophy of the event.

5

Authors: A.E. Zimbuli

The author draws attention to the fact that in the most thorough and thoughtful way the collected characteristics of the lyceum students of the Pushkin set have a weak predictive power. In particular, according to his academic successes the young Alexander Pushkin was among the peer-alumni, at the very end of the list. Analyzed characteristics of lyceum students made it possible to identify 64 morally significant personal qualities, which once again confirms the multidimensionality of morality. The author asks about the extent to which it is useful for education to determine the first and last students on different scales. And he comes to the conclusion that due to the specific nature of the educational sphere, ratings in it can be useful to the extent that they contribute to the development of self-awareness of the wards, as well as their positive motivation for self-improvement, mutual respect and joint creativity.

6

Authors: M.A. Marchenko

The Soviet Toy is one of the significant symbols of the USSR era. The lack of basic interdisciplinary analyses of the field sheds little light on how the Soviet Toy developed and doesn’t reveal the contradictions and problems that the toy faced at its formation. The evaluated period in the toy history was not only a struggle between old and new but also a dense ideological synthesis of the political and artistic implementations of «two cultures» separated by the 1917 revolt. The author tries to identify the problem points of such synthesis by combining the historical, pedagogical, economic and artistic aspects of the research.

7

Authors: A.V. Bubentsova

The caricatures, cartoons and texts of the satirical magazines of Petrograd in 1917 reflect the main events in the life of the revolutionary city. This makes them valuable sources of information for researchers in various fields of knowledge. In the article 17 journals of 1917 from the collections of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences (BAN) were described. Magazines are divided into 4 groups depending on the ratio of political and social satire. Each of the groups is characterized by a certain thematic focus and dynamics of content.

8

Authors: A.Yu. Chukurov

We attempt a comprehensive analysis of transgender as a cultural phenomenon in this article. We can say that a “transgender revolution” happened in 2014–2015 and it leads to a radical transformation of the entire socio-cultural reality in our days. It’s possible to consider transgender as one of the mechanisms of self-defense, adaptation to rapidly changing environmental conditions and the self-identity formation. The last statement is considered through the focus of the queer theory, which denies the possibility of any kind of stable identity. There are the main approaches to the study of transgender in historical retrospect are presents in the article. Particular attention is paid to the representation of the transgender phenomenon in art. The article provides a detailed analysis of the movies, where we can see the transgender phenomenon representation, and we also propose temporary typology of plots and characters. We note that due to the active inclusion of transgender phenomenon in art, original mechanisms of the implementation of traditional conflicts are being developed, and appearing conflicts, that are completely new in the world art.

11

Authors: V.A. Lipatkin, S.B. Palchikov, N.V. Lovelius, A.Ju. Retejum, A.V. Cherkashev

The article presents the results of an analysis of pinus growth changes in three types of habitats within the forest zone of the Russian Federation. Shows its reaction to the global sulfur factors: solar and geomagnetic activity, galactic cosmic rays and atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere. It was found that pine is more responsive to the deterioration of environmental conditions regardless of the places of its habitat. Given the high individuality in the formation of its radial growth in each type, generalized series of tree rings can be used for locating the capture timber and prevent illegal logging.

5

Authors: V.A. Sulimov

Understanding the world is one of the main acts of the will of modern man. It is connected with the intellectual and moral aspects of the personality. The article is devoted to the study of the variable aspects of the realization of free will. Freedom of will is considered as one of the factors of socio-cultural dynamics. Its implementation depends on the social dominance of one of the ways of realization: the will to power, the will to participate, or the will to understand. The modern socio-cultural epoch (the epoch of knowledge) requires the individual to realize the “understanding strategy” primarily. This leads to the transformation of the features of modern man-in-the-culture in the direction of strengthening his intellectual-volitional principle.

5

Authors: A.A. Alimov, I.E. Nesterova

The article examines the main US interests on the African continent, and the African continent itself as a space for geopolitical and geo-economic clashes among the leading players on the world stage. Based on the analysis of the main stages of the historical development of the continent, assessments of the system of colonialism in Africa are presented, which allow us to consider the colonial policy of the former metropolitan countries not only from the position of supercritical meanings, but also as a source of certain blessings for the colonies themselves. The authors pay attention to the actual trends of penetration and influence on the continent, under which one can talk about the formation of a model of the opposition of Africa to the “Western” (US, EU) and Africa “Eastern” (China, India). In addition, in the context of Sino-US rivalry, the article examines such instruments of US influence as AFRICOM (AFRICOM) and the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) law. It also analyzes the question of how the US policy towards Africa will be built with the election of President D. Trump.

5

Authors: M. Knezhevich

Serbian and Russian peoples are connected by nature of their existence. Orthodox religion is strong connection of those two nations. Historical occasions has constantlly connected these two nations, especially in liberation wars. Continuous connections between Serbs and Russians date from Nemanic dynasty and last till now. Russian culture has influeced Serbian culture development. Russian teachers founded Serbian schools and organised education of Serbs in the 18th century. Serbian literature of the 19th century was developed under Russian influence.

5

Authors: A.A. Alimov, A.I. Shestakova

The article covers cases connected with formation of basically features of ecological diplomacy. The European Union experience is demonstrated as a successful case of a regional scale. Modern literature devoted to ecological diplomacy is under special attention as a theoretical basis of a new period of international cooperation in the field of environment and development.

6

Authors: A.A. Alimov

The article is devoted to transformation of American society and American understanding of democracy in connection with results of changes in public structures, influence of inner and outer factors upon the changes happened in the history of the country.

6

Authors: A.M. Dregulo

The article discusses the formation of a new relationship of nature and society. It determines the causes of environmental disasters which linked with uncontrollable consumption, the roots of which is a spiritual crisis. It shows that in life of human society, nature has always been a source of necessary means of existence and Christian faith include all aspects of human life, consecrating and blessing human labor. The Christian Church in general and the Christian missionary in particular, are faced with problems that require a response appropriate to the time and essence of the Christian faith, in the emerging ecological paradigm. In consequence of that orientation of Christian churches on the social work in solving problems related to environmental disasters, where the involvement of Christian churches in the question of global ecological problems in the aspect of moral relationship with nature, have quite controversial nature because of the criticisms of Christians for the utilitarian approach to ecology.

7

Authors: L.M. Nizova, C.M. Mukhametshina

The problem of social and cultural rehabilitation of the disabled, as a set of measures to improve the level of cultural competence, the implementation of their cultural interests and needs in order to integrate into the society. Disclosed institutional forms and methods of state regulation of access of persons with disabilities to cultural valueson the basis of legal acts and cultural institutions management structure in the country.The experience of the social and cultural rehabilitation of the disabled in the case of the Republic of Mari El. On the basis of monitoring and sociological research identified priorities, challenges and ways to improve the socio-cultural rehabilitation as an element of social policy. Currently, socio-cultural aspects of the state policy does not cover the entire range of problems associated with the integration of people with disabilities. We go unheeded issues of cultural competence and cultural skills acquisition activity. In the case of the Republic of Mari El disclosed the role of culture sphere management system using interactive forms of access to people with disabilities because of their psychological and physical health. Proof of this is the experience of the Republican library for the blind and National Museum of T. Evseeva. Ranking of opinions of respondents allowed to reveal problems of high social dependence, forced isolation of people with disabilities, indifferent attitude towards them in the mass consciousness of citizens, reducing the network of public libraries, reducing the number of club groups for youth, lack of strengthening the material-technical base of rural and regional houses of culture, reducing readability and al. The authors have developed the basic components of the institutional environment of social and cultural rehabilitation of the disabled, which allows to activate the role of cultural institutions in the organization of leisure time socializing.

8

Authors: T. Savović

Gender equality is one of the basic human rights which must be provided and guaranteed to everyone. Social, political, economic, and cultural differences still persist and they are especially noticeable in difference in salaries, non-equal presence of men and women in political decision making, non-equal distribution of work. They are, in reality, result of social relationships built on basis of numerous stereotypes present in family, education, culture and media. In our country, leadership is chiefly related with men and they have been granted political roles. That is the reason it is a common belief that only men should be on those positions. On the other hand, the mass media (internet, daily newspapers, radio and TV) can make influence to decrease prejudices between the genders when we speak about leading functions and their representatives. The goal of this paper was to investigate the influence of mass media onto realization of gender equality and leadership. For that purpose, data from 80 participants have been gathered, as well as data about employment, in other words we made a research on participation of women in the City Assembly, managerial and supervisory bodies and leading positions in the city of Sombor. The results of the anonymous questionnaire show that there are significant statistical differences (p<0.01) among certain answers referring to the opinions of the examinees about percentage of men and women. Also, having analyzed the data about employment of women, we have come to the results which show that women take a considerable number of leading posts in the city of Sombor. The results show that the gender equality, presented via mass media, is very present in distribution of work.

9

Authors: A.I. Subetto

The system genetic theory of time and space is the base of system genetics. The system genetics is the science researching laws of system inheritance in the different system worlds and in progressive evolution system. The structure of any system includes many systems, many cycles, possesses a set of system times. The cycle is the natural scale of system time. System time is a reflection of the system world on itself in the course of the progressive evolution. It generates system space which fractal organization reflects the fractal and spiral organization of system time. The reason of mankind as the observer of the Universe appears not incidentally, and the system genetic theory of time and space bears in themselves the potential of a megaspace proskopiya in process of management of soсial and natural noospheric evolution.

4

Authors: V.A. Tolstikov

Each generation re-creates his past. This punning-antinomic phenomenon is true for Russia is correct, as for any other country. We do live in a country with an unpredictable past. Several brooms over the centuries repeatedly completely swept from the minds of people, not only past but also future. But if without a past, without a future is impossible. Is there a future in Russia? If so, what? Russia’s future depends on the past we will choose, since there are plenty to choose from. Historical memory is one of the varieties of identity, along with ethnicity and civilizational consciousness. Russia is in deep crisis in all aspects of life, so the time has come for the formation of civilizational consciousness. In a crisis situation come to the surface the deepest, often mythological representation of the “folk wisdom”. In this article we will try to understand the “poetic” wisdom of the Russian people who created the civilization, which name is still undecided, whether she is “Russian” or “Russian”, whether “Orthodox”, whether “socialist” or “Eurasian”?

4

Authors: Wang Lin

The article deals with the specifics of the submission of the two narrators in the narrative structure of the book “Steep Route” Eugenia Ginzburg. Young narrator is the bearer of communist ideology and believes the culprit political repression 30-ies of XX century Joseph Stalin. Her voice is predominant in the first part of the book. In the second and third parts of the book the reader sees how Ginsburg gets rid of the influence of propaganda, becomes a free person. Elderly narrator’s voice expresses these changes and becomes the main in the second half of book.

4

Authors: V.A. Rumyantsev, A.S. Mityukov, O.V. Shondina, G.S. Yaroshevich, L.N. Kryukov

The development of technologies that resemble natural ones for crop production, allowing you to install safe for humans a balance between biosphere and technosphere, has a priority of fundamental and practical importance. In 2016 INOS wounds by means of ultrasonic processing of sapropel, has long been used in agriculture, was first obtained ultrafine, HUMATE sapropel slurry with a particle size of 86-89 nm. It was found that the obtained suspension effectively inactivate common environmental toxicants of some heavy metals and when included in the diet of farm animals lead to a significant average daily gain in live weight. It was legitimate to suggest that ultrafine, HUMATE sapropel slurry containing nanoparticles with a highly developed surface and presence of reactive functional groups, must possess high sorption properties with respect not only to inorganic substances but also to substances of biological nature type of viruses and pathogens. This was the basis for the present research to study the effects of ultrafine, HUMATE sapropel slurry on wheat yield. During the vegetative season 2016 it was recorded that the use as fertilizer, HUMATE ultrafine-sapropelic stable suspension with water in the ratio of concentrations of 1 to 100, provided a considerable increase of green mass of spring and winter wheat.

5

Authors: A.V. Shipilov

The topic is dedicated to exploring a history of the medieval mystical treatise “Theologia deutsch” written by anonymous. During the XIV century the treatise wasn’t widely known and spread as manuscript. M. Luther has been published the treatise shortly before the Reformation beginning. However Luther has published the book not completely. He decided to keep only those chapters which confirmed his soteriological position, and also his views on the justification and free will. Those chapters which Luther has counted disputable haven’t been included by him in the publication. Character of the edition of this book shows increase of Luther’s mistrust to medieval mystical tradition, and to Catholic theology in general. The treatise has been written in German, and perhaps this is the main reason why Luther decided to publish this book. In the middle of the XIX century was found the manuscript containing the full text of the treatise, including deleted chapters.

5

Authors: S.A. Kondratyev, M.V. Shmakova

A brief description of the mathematical models currently used by the Institute of Limnology RAS to solve various problems related to the modeling of runoff and substances transport in the system “river–catchment–reservoir” and registered by the Federal Service for Intellectual Property of the Russian Federation is presented. These include: stochastic model of the weather, runoff model in catchment, model of the nutrient load in catchment, model of sediment transport in river flow, the model of the annual river runoff and sediment wash out, method for calculation of allowable discharge of contaminants into water bodies.

6

Authors: K.V. Sultanov, I.B. Mikirtumov, Yu.V. Puiu, V.A. Rabosh, V.I. Strelchenko

The logical empiricism, as well as developing its forms analysis philosophy and linguistic philosophy, based on recognition of the absoluteness of the epistemological priority of science and its crucial role in the evolution of technical civilization of the Western type. The aim of this process, first, study science by constructing an authentic model of its structure, and secondly, to overcome metaphysics, thirdly, creating a “scientific philosophy”, in the fourth, to overcome the crisis the foundations of mathematics and physics. However, the consistent implementation of the principles of radical empiricizm, the ideas of “linguistic turn” and the requirements of method proved fraught with the collapse of the neo-positivism programs and increased relativizing tendencies.

6

Authors: O.N. Machekhina

The author characterized and analyzed educational reforms in BRICS countries, such as Brazil, India, China and the Republic of South Africa. Russia is not specially included in this list of studying by the author, just because it’s a subject of separate research. In article author defines the features and specifics of the activity in the field of educational reforms in BRICS countries as now, and in retrospective too. In the course of the study was found, that the most powerful drivers of change, in the average general education of the countries surveyed, at the end of XX - XXI centuries, became the start of objective social processes such as the formation of a knowledge economy, the rapid development of multimedia and information technologies, globalization processes occurring. All of them are objectively necessitated the progressive evolution of the secondary school - to change in its organization model, to transform of the educational process, to integrate the new technologies in training, to update the content of education. Thus, we can conclude that the development of the secondary school in the BRICS countries should be characterized as situational («overtaking»), social and political modernization of the reactive nature.

6

Authors: Yu.N. Gladkiy, I.Yu. Gladkiy, I.P. Mahova

Representatives of a liberal economic thought try to subject to radical change the century urbanized environment of Russia. We are talking in particular about the idea of creating 10–15 of megacities, which could become as “locomotives” for the promotion of the domestic economy in the “developed market environment”. It is noted that the positive correlation of economic growth with a specific weight of citizens, as well as productivity with populousness of urban settlements is not axiomatic. This correlation depends on the degree of urbanization of the country, its size, nature of specificity, economic development, existing network of urban settlements, the level of concentration and heterogeneity, etc. Not only very low but also very high density of business activity, reduces overall economic efficiency. Argues that this transformation of the urban environment of Russia can lead to the formation of uninhabited territories and desertification entire regions of the country.

8

Authors: K.V. Sultanov, A.A. Korolkov, Yu.V. Puiu, V.A. Rabosh, V.I. Strelchenko

The emergence of modern philosophy of science is mediated next stages of its previous evolution forms of experience, the epistemological and the logical and methodological comprehension of the foundations of mathematical natural science from the standpoint of positivism. Despite the persuasiveness of the argument advanced by the positivist philosophy of science in favor of the authenticity of the claims of theoretical science and mathematics, however, early in the second half of the twentieth century, their claims to objectivity and truth are often subjected to withering criticism. There is reason to believe that the continued strengthening of trends relativize is an expression not so much of difficulties the internal logic of the development of scientific rationality, but a change in the public attitude towards it until the assimilation of anthropological aggressive doctrine.

8

Authors: A.S. Zhumalieva, M.V. Syromiatina, K.V. Chistiakov, U.N. Kurochkin

In this work, we investigated the modern structure of altitudinal zonation of the At-Bashy range in the Inner Tien Shan with the assessment of human impact, as well as made comparative analysis. During the 2015–2016 field observations the borders of altitudinal zones were detected and were compared with the estimates obtained previously. The strongly marked dynamics of borders from 1960s were not detected. Average summer temperature lapse rate and annual precipitation gradients were calculated and climatic characteristics of every altitudinal zone were made. Based on meteorological data the changes of temperature and precipitation in the period of 1930 to 2015 were estimated. From 1930 to 2015 average annual air temperature increased by 1,6–2,2°, annual precipitation slightly increased (30–45 mm). Analysis of changes of the Selyaninovs hydrothermal coefficient showed that in recent years especially after the 1970s there was a weak tendency towards the aridization of the Aksai Chatyrkul depression. Climatic factors have no significant effect on the boundary changes of altitude zones in the region. At the same time for example, the modern glaciation of the At-Bashy range is more sensitive component to climate change. Human impact plays crucial role only in the interseasonal redistribution of pastures.. In the Aksai-Chatyrkul depression, the common tendency of reduction of pasture area, was detected, however this area was reduced by not more than 12,2% from 1980 to 2010.

4

Authors: E.A. Ilinskaya, G.M. Birzhenyuk, T.V. Yefimova

Research objective: to analyse processes of interpenetration of global and local socially and cultural tendencies and to interpret results of imposing of globalization currents on the local and temporal soil. The objects of research are temporal-glocalisation processes in culture. Basic methods of work: aristotelian, systematic, structural-functional and comparative analytical methods; historism, objectivity and contexture approaches. As a result of a research the conclusion is drawn that temporal-glocalisation processes are most active in the temporal-synchronous cultures, i.e. in the cultures switched on in an information network of the modern civilization, and temporal-asynchronous cultures are to a lesser extent switched on in global flows for various reasons and as a result are almost not subject to a glocalisation. The academic novelty of work consists in identification and justification of specifics temporal-glocalisation processes in modern culture. The results of work are interesting for experts in cultural studies.

4

Authors: A.V. Pronkina

In the framework of the philosophical and cultural research, the problem of the body and physicality is not new, however, it is not and methodologically implemented comprehensively solved. Therefore, in the space of modern humanitarian knowledge are increasingly aktualisierte trying to learn it from the standpoint of a dialogue between «natural» and «artificial», «normative» and «taboo», «controlled» and «self-ownership». In addition, special attention is given to considerations of the body in space, society and culture, where it is treated as the substantial fact that the artificially-created environments. So, continuing the planned scientific predecessors line, an analysis is made of the human body in terms of its sociocultural origin, its representation as a concept of the artifact and the pattern of culture, implemented in the framework of designing a program image by means of practices of bodily transformation.

4

Authors: E.A. Kosheleva

Norway is the most studied from the point of view of paleogeographic data and information about Mesolithic sites of ancient man. Based on comprehensive analysis, the author made conclusions about the main stages of human settlement and their features. The original appearance of ancient man associated with the late preboreal period and corresponds to the early Mesolithic. Throughout the ancient Mesolithic people moved, hunted and lived mostly on the coast of Norway. That is due to the predominance of the marine food diet. Prehistoric men of this period represent a coastal base camp with repeated visits over long periods of time.

5

Authors: D.V. Mironov

This article focuses the issues of developing in sociology the ideas of social reality and its character. The author distinguishes three periods in developing the ideas of social reality in sociology i.d. objectivist, constructivist and negativist. It is noted that these issues does not emphasize properly in the modern sociology. As a consequence its methodological foundations risk to be diluted. The author argues that the discussions on the character of sociological object have raised the dichotomy of sociological realism – sociological nominalism. This dichotomy has been determining the theoretical and methodological discourse in sociology. As a result the ideas of social reality have formed not only in the social sciences, but in the public conscience.

5

Authors: I.L. Nabok, E.V. Malysheva

The article deals with the problems of development of socio-cultural environment of the modern metropolis on interdisciplinary basis, especially the incorporation of migrants into the living space of the metropolis, status, boundaries, transformation of ethnicity, which is defined as a special form of an ethnos existence. It discusses the relationship of ethnicity and the urban identity. It proves that for a metropolis the predominance of implicitly expressed, situational, fragmented, diffuse, presentational ethnicity is typical, which complicates the adaptation of migrants who are the carriers of traditional ethnicity.

5

Authors: N.A. Krivich, A.Yu. Chukurov

We are considering as the phenomenon of print culture (book culture) so as the concept of «book culture» and its semantic content in this article. The main objective of this study is to identify the challenges the book culture faced by in our days and by a comparative analysis to try to determine the most appropriate methods of promotion of book culture in Russia. We analyze the modern technologies, fundamentally affecting the functioning of the book industry, and the methods of interaction between reader, writer and publisher at the present days. As a result of our analysis, we conclude that the book culture is not undergoing a crisis and is not close to collapse as many people believe. It’s on the stage of the active modernization and transformation of meanings. We affirm that the e-books and platforms for self-publication don’t supersede printed book or traditional publishing houses.

5

Authors: A.A. Alimov, A.P. Terehova

The article studies relevant issues of Russian-American environmental cooperation in the Arctic region. It aims to analyze the possible prospects for the bilateral environmental cooperation in the Arctic within the relevant international context. Different historical periods of time are allowed for. And, as an intermediate conclusion, the prominent features which are distinctive for any period of time are pointed out. Taking into account an evident significance to develop Russian-American cooperation both ways, in a multilateral and bilateral forms, the main conclusion stresses the prospects for a local bilateral cooperation (in the Bering Strait region, in particular).

6

Authors: V.S. Brachev

The first review of the historical literature of the life and works of the Leningrad-Americanist historian Leonid G. Rayskii. The author focuses on the nature of L.G. Rayskii’s scientific papers, the reasons for his arrest, the charges against him as well as his chosen line of defense. The article is based on materials of archives and libraries in St. Petersburg, including authentic archival evidence of the case of the scientist in 1936.

6

Authors: E.А. Blokhina

The approach of studying the Russian culture of the 18th century from the positions of visual researches allows to interpret the artistic image as an instrument of representation politics. In this article, one can see that the representation of state power may embody the strategy of personification, territorial domination and also a model of social order. The author gave an analysis of some art works of the 18th century in which the images of estates demonstrate the relations between domination and subordination.

6

Authors: I.S. Lukyanov

Immanent essence of Political ideology of the state: first, it is entirely predetermined by the property relations (private or socialized); secondly, it is doesn’t depend on party membership. How many and what parties people of the world wouldn’t create what revolutions wouldn’t make, all their efforts will end with the fact that they will build the state on basis of the private, or socialized property. The private property from the moment of the phenomenon to the people bears in itself “ovum” of political ideology of fascism as immanent, ontologic character essence as her (private property) obligatory attribute.

7

Authors: V.N. Rudchenko

With the dynamic change of industrial structures, innovation development of the economy, tourism is becoming one of the basic elements for the economic development of various sectors of countries. Until now, cluster analysis is mainly used in industry, but in this paper we make the emphasis on the analysis of cluster formation in the tourism, its basic elements, on the basis of received results we propose directions for cluster development in this sector of the economy.

7

Authors: A.N. Paranina, A.A. Grigoriev

Ancient and most ancient objects of heritage – the esteemed landscapes or their components (rocky sculptures, geoglyphs, sacred hills, groves, akvalny complexes and other objects of a natural, anthropogenous and mixed origin) to which national traditions and legends are, as a rule, bound. Authors of article correlate inclusion of such objects in a cultural landscape to prehistoric time (the Stone Age and earlier), and as the main primary function allocate astronomical orientation in a space-time. Examples of possible instrumental use of the known and esteemed objects on the example of the arch sculptures of the land surface located in different regions of the world are shown in article. As a result of the researches conducted on the basis of cards, space pictures, photos, the published descriptions, authors conclude that the majority of objects performed functions of elements of an information system of life support, entered into the most ancient local and regional networks of navigation, represents key links of the organization of geocultural space, as formed an objective basis to their sacralization.

8

Authors: N.V. Nikiforova

The article explores the approaches to cultural history of electricity, that have shaped in western humanities, and consider the sociocultural context of technological novelties. These approaches have been developed within STS (Science and Technology Studies), they question the assumptions of technological determinism and focus on the ways society can influence on technological development. Cultural history of electricity explores the specificities of interpretation of the novelty, its visual representations, construction of public image in state events and leisure practices, gender strategies of domestication. The relevance of the analysis of sociocultural context of technology reception is explained by the importance of social embeddedness of technologies for their promotion and development.

9

Authors: A.I. Subetto

The system genetic theory of time and space is the base of system genetics. The system genetics is the science researching laws of system inheritance in the different system worlds and in progressive evolution system. The structure of any system includes many systems, many cycles, possesses a set of system times. The cycle is the natural scale of system time. System time is a reflection of the system world on itself in the course of the progressive evolution. It generates system space which fractal organization reflects the fractal and spiral organization of system time. The reason of mankind as the observer of the Universe appears not incidentally, and the system genetic theory of time and space bears in themselves the potential of a megaspace proskopiya in process of management of soсial and natural noospheric evolution.

4

Authors: A.P. Valitskaya

The article describes a paradoxical situation, established in a modern era: “when there is no aesthetics per se anymore, and there is nothing already that wouldn’t be aesthetics”. The global world is subjected to challenges that put at risk the future of human civilization, – these are the risks of terrorism, environmental disasters, economic, military and political crises. The author states that the main cause of planetary instability are mental processes, taking place in axiosphere, being actively guided by an aesthetic instrument of influencing intuitive and sensual sphere of perception of individuals, “crowds” and “tribes”. Education, based on worldview, moral and aesthetic development, is a universal tool for the creation of ecology of consciousness.

4

Authors: A.V. Petrov

The article deals with the promising areas of modern economic and sociological researches. The article describes the contemporary problems of social and economic ecology, researches of labor culture and lifelong learning systems, social responsibility of business and social partnership, as well as the sociology of economic development and historical sociology of economy. It is expected that the efforts of scientists towards research within these areas will not only bring them out from the periphery of scientific interest, but also to give a new impetus to the development of modern economic sociology.

4

Authors: V.А. Rabosh, K.V. Sultanov, A.A. Voscresensky

The article investigates the conceptual foundations of the possibilities of using techniques of manipulation in the education. On the basis of the “theory of fields” Bourdieu is considered a value and the possibility of deliberate manipulation as a communicative phenomenon for the modern highly computerized society and education. It is concluded that the phenomenon of manipulative techniques can not be reduced to its negative value.

5

Authors: V.A. Sulimov

Modern conditions of social and cultural development has created new requirements to the public subject – a man-in-culture. There is a convergence of the two major types of socially important subjects: man-in-culture, and knower. This factor significantly transforms the intellectual space of culture. The knower represents human species, pushing the new conditions for the education and upbringing. The study of systems of functions of the knowing consciousness is possible only with an integrated approach taking into account P.A. Sorokin.

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Authors: A.M. Dregulo, V.V. Kulibaba, I.M. Guldeeva

The widespread use of methods of soil deposit of sludge led to the formation of objects of the past accumulated environmental – sludge beds withdrawn from economic circulation. The toxicity of excess sludge and long-term life cycle of landfill sludge cause the specificity of these objects. Multiple influences sludge beds may be due to a high content of solid phase sludge of heavy metals, organic pollutants, related to a group of dioxin and specificity of microbial community. Studies have shown the presence of more than 50 sites with signs of silt objects accumulated environmental damage in the private swimming pool Gulf of Finland. The composition of the heavy metal sludge sites exceeds the permissible limits for soils, for some components of up to 22 MACs for gross forms. Comparative analysis microcenosis sludge shows nearly 90% of the published data inconsistencies, which focuses on the study of sludge biocenosis in closed systems landfill sludge.

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Authors: P.A. Leontev, I.M. Grekov, D.A. Subetto, D.D. Kuznetsov, V.V. Kolka, A.V. Ludikova, M.S. Potakhin, T.V. Sapelko, L.S. Syrykh, D.S. Tolstobrov

Paleolimnological field studies in the areas of the Onega Peninsula, the White Sea, were carried out in the frame of the complex expedition in July 2014. Field studies included reconnaissance, study of terrain and altitude position of lakes, its selection and visual inspection, specification marks the water’s edge and threshold runoff, bathymetric survey, sampling of modern sediments, sediment coring selected lakes with a raft of peat corer (for subsequent pollen, diatom, chironomid, grain size analysis, determining the weight of loss on ignition and radiocarbon dating), lithological description of the sediment cores. The preliminary reconstruction of the White Sea shore position has been done on the base of preliminary stratigraphical studies of lake sediment cores.

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Authors: V.S. Brachev

The first biographical sketch in the historiography of the repressed in 1936, the Soviet historian Isaac Solomonovicha Fendel. The basic stages of the life and scientific work of a scientist. Particular attention is paid to the circumstances of the arrest I.S.Fendelya, the nature of the charges against him, his chosen line of conduct in its confrontation with the investigators and the tragic death of a scientist. The work is based on the materials of the St. Petersburg archives, including archive of the FSB.

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Authors: E.G. Kharitonova

Using the materials of interview and archive documents, the author reconstructs the history of the beginning and developing the documental keeping of the International “Memorial” movement – its archive and library. Kharitonova E.G. shows, that the informative resources of the social organizations, almost don’t differ from the state same: as the state archives and libraries, the archive and library of “Memorial” contents the unique massive of the information about Russian history; there are different directions of using the documental memorials, their professional keeping in the special premises; and do the systematic work to composing and leading of the science and handbooking apparatus.

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Authors: N.N. Filatov, N.M. Kalinkina, A.V. Litvinenko, P.A. Lozovik, E.V. Tekanova

In the paper presents the results of studies of the dynamics of water ecosystems of large lakes of North-west of Russia (Onegskoe and Vigozerskoe), transformed in the middle of the XX-th century into reservoirs. These are important water objects for development of economy of the region especially nowadays with increasing exploitation of Arctic resources. To restore the state of these lakes-reservoirs to oligotrophic status, which are of great importance fisheries it need to significantly reduce the discharge of polluted and insufficiently purified waters.

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Authors: S. Striegnitz

Sonja Striegnitz combines personal memories with supporting documents about “turning operations” at Humboldt University of Berlin. This was her longstanding academic workplace from 1963 until 1996. They relate to the political situation in Berlin starting from the last months of the GDR until the mid-1990s. The focus is on the run-down of the History Department and structural changes leading to its re-establishment as the Institute of History. Her work covers aspects of democratic upheaval and redesign mainly affecting teaching in the autumn of 1989. It illuminates abrupt changes brought about by massive intervention by the Berlin Senate following the demise of the GDR. This intervention had the declared aim of “elite replacement”. The author was included in these changes. She reveals how she dealt with her own situation as an employee with lesser rights in a “special structure”. This included the struggle for recognition of academic qualifications acquired in the GDR.

7

Authors: V.L. Palii, D.V. Sevastyanov

The article considers possible ways of development of tourist-recreational sphere in Transnistria in connection with the modern political and socio-economic problems of the region. Discusses the problem of optimizing the development of recreation and tourism in Transnistria. Affirms the need to respect the ecological and economic imperative in the way the complex solution of problems of revival of tourist-recreational sector of the entire Transnistrian region, in accordance with the concept of sustainable development. Refers to the strategy of development of tourism and recreational activities in Transnistria.