Dogal Afetler ve Cevre Dergisi

11-27

Authors: Kazım Onur Demirarslan, Halil Akıncı

Marmara Region, one of the 7 geographical regions of Turkey, serves as a bridge connecting Europe and Asia. It has a surface area of approximately 67 thousand km2. When considered as a population, it’s determined that there’re approximately 24 million in total. The reason for this density is that the region is a major industrial, commercial, agricultural, tourism region of Turkey. The urbanization rate in the region has increased due to employment opportunities. Consequently, there are significant environmental problems like urbanization, wastewater, solid waste and air pollution in the region. Air pollution is one of the environmental problems that makes itself felt in the region. Especially air pollution is seen at increasing rates in areas where there are intensive industry, traffic and settlement. In this study, air quality parameters of SO2 and PM10 in Marmara region during the winter season of 2015-2016 (1 October-31 March) was examined. The effects and distributions of these data on air quality have been examined with distribution maps generated by Geographic Information Systems. The data of pollutants were compared statistically and cities with low air quality were identified. The average pollution values for the winter season obtained in this study was compared with the Winter Season Limit Values in the Air Quality Assessment and Management Regulation No. 26898 dated 06.06.2008. According to the statistical results, the province with the highest concentration for SO2 pollutant was Edirne in 2015 and 2016. When the PM10 value was examined, Bursa had the highest concentration in 2015 and 2016.

34-44

Authors: İpek Yılmaz, Derya Öztürk

Natural hazard assessments are core to risk definition and early warning systems and play a fundamental role in the prevention of major damages. Traditional hazard identification methods are static. For this reason, new information and conditions cannot be easily included in the pre-defined hazard assessments. The Bayesian Networks can be used effectively for dynamic hazard identification. In this study, a methodology based on the Bayesian Networks model is presented for dynamic avalanche hazard assessment, in which changed and renewed data can be included in the system. In the proposed methodology, the integration of the Bayesian Networks and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is modeled in the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) perspective. In this structure, it is possible to combine and analyze the data obtained from different sources and factors for avalanche hazard can be dynamically updated with real-time updated data and temporal hazard mapping can be produced. The proposed methodology provides a generic structure and has an attribute making it applicable for dynamic mapping studies for other disasters.

56-62

Authors: Sevgi Fersiz

Bioethanol is a renewable energy resource used in the whole world. Bioethanol can be used by itself or mixing with oil in different rates. Utilizing lignocellulose biomass as a renewable energy resource has a significant role on producing ethanol. Using food materials for producing bioethanol will cause increasing in food prices and some social problems. Because of this reason, we need to realize on producing second generation of bioethanol, which can replace the first-generation bioethanol produced from food materials and compete with oil prices. Lignocelluloses raw materials consist of complex cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin structures. These complex structures must be divided into simple sugar elements. There is a need for pretreatment methods for hydrolyzing fermented sugar in a fast and effective way. Pretreatment processes can be grouped as physical, physicochemical, chemical and biological methods. The biomass after pretreatment can be easily divided as biologically and thus, access of enzymes to raw materials accelerates. It is a significantly important matter for the selected pretreatment methods to be cheap, simple, effective and environmentally safe.