Dogal Afetler ve Cevre Dergisi

64-69

Authors: Abdullah Demir, Ali Ersin Dincer

Studies about fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems do not have a long history. Fluid and structure has been separately modelled with different formulations by researchers. However, studies about FSI are limited and problems investigated in these studies are mostly out of civil engineering areas. Problems such as dam-breaking, flood effect on structure, slushing effect and tsunami are the problems consisting of a fluid structure interaction in civil engineering. The present study, a fluid structure interaction model is developed by using moving particle semi-implicit method (MPS) and finite element method (FEM) for fluid and structure, respectively. The developed code is applied to an idealized sequential dam-break problem. The effect of failed upper dam on the lower dam body is investigated in terms of pressure readings. Besides, behavior of flood in lower reservoir is observed with given profiles of surface water. Both results can be used for future studies and taking protective measures.

77-86

Authors: Kazım Onur Demirarslan, Emre Aydın, Mehmet Ali Aydın

In parallel with the recent developments in population growth, urbanization, industrialization, a rising in environmental problems has also been observed. Among these environmental problems mentioned, air, water and soil pollution caused by solid wastes attract attention in particular. Unless the waste management system is appropriately guided, managements will be faced with exponentially increasing waste load every year. The waste produced should be collected and appropriately disposed by the local governments at the source. In addition to solid waste generated domestically, the solid waste produced in public buildings of our country also constitute an important place. Especially in educational places such as schools and universities, it is highly probable that high economic value wastes are formed. In this study, the qualities of the solid wastes generated in the Seyitler Campus of Artvin Çoruh University were examined. The study was conducted in four locations between 19.10.2016 and 14.12.2016, during the continuation of education to represent the fall semester. In the sortation process of the waste composition, it was determined that the wastes collected from the campus consisted of 42,77 % organic, 7,23 % paper, 6,19% plastic, 4,37% glass and 0,39% metal, 1,09% textile, 37,79% septic personal use. The aim of the study is to provide a general benefit on how the characteristics of time, quantity and waste can be evaluated in carrying out waste management plans in the future by focusing on recycling.

93-111

Authors: Irham Walad Nasution

There are a lot of disasters occurring in this world and during these disasters, not only there are sad moments but also loss of people and property. There are many types of natural disasters such as flood, storm, volcanic eruption, earthquake, tsunami, etc. The first characteristic of a disaster is to be natural; the second one is to cause loss of life and property; the other one is that it usually happens in a very short time; and finally, it cannot be prevented by people after it starts. After natural disasters, people are struggling to find the necessary conditions to survive and even become homeless. Therefore, people affected by disaster need both a shelter and a temporary living space to meet their daily needs. In this study, examples of shelters built after the disaster caused by the explosion of Sinabung Crater in Indonesia, one of the important countries of Southeast Asia, were examined and a shelter design proposal was presented to people in order to lead a better and comfortable life after such disasters. It is aimed that this study will be a resource for other studies to meet the needs of people after natural disasters.

1-8

Authors: Aslı Sabuncu, Filiz Sunar

Earthquakes are the most destructive natural disasters, causing massive loss of life, infrastructure damages and serious financial losses. Earthquake-induced building damage detection is a very important step after earthquakes since such buildings pose a risk for cities. The recent advances in digital photogrammetry/remote sensing technology and satellite sensor/camera systems have inspired to emerge new and different research areas and applications. With the development of digital camera technology since 1950's, it has become possible to produce orthophotos with high spatial resolution and positional accuracy. These orthophotos are used successfully in the extraction of the details and the thematic classification. Depending on the high spatial image resolutions, the use of object-based approach has gained importance and has become widespread rather than the traditional pixel-based approach in the thematic classification. The town of Erciş in Van province, situated in the eastern part of Turkey, was selected for the study. In this region, an earthquake with moment magnitude (Mw) of 7.2 was occurred at 10:41 UTC (13:41 local time) on October 23th, 2011. In this study, the orthophotos produced from the aerial photographs taken one day after the earthquake by the General Command of Mapping for the purpose of damage detection. In the post-earthquake ortophotos, 2 different types of sites were selected as the study areas. As an initial step, segmentation process was carried out by selecting the most suitable parameters for the classification of both homogenous and heterogeneous areas. In the segmentation phase, the multi-resolution algorithm was utilized. After doing different trials, the most suitable shape factor and compactness values were considered. In the next step, two different classification approaches, namely “supervised” and “unsupervised”, used within the object based image classification were applied and their classification accuracies were compared.

28-38

Authors: Yaşar Kobya, Cafer Mert Yeşilkanat

In this study, it was aimed to make an elemental analysis of the natural spring waters in 7 cities (Artvin, Rize, Trabzon, Giresun, Ordu, Gümüşhane and Bayburt) in the Eastern Black Sea region and to determine the elemental distribution of the entire region using geostatistical analysis with the help of this analysis. In accordance with this purpose, elemental analyses (Na, Al, P, Cl, K, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn) were carried out with the help of ICP-OES device for 40 samples of natural spring water in Eastern Black Sea Region. The average chemical analysis values ​​for each element in Eastern Black Sea Region were as 10270, 215, 122, 4749, 1093, 15960, 59, 5, 89, 18, 10 and 90 μg / L, respectively. The results were generally consistent with the permissible limits of World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkish. In addition, a general harmony was observed as a result of the comparison made with similar studies carried out at different points in the world. Using geostatistical analysis, the distribution of each element was determined and mapped in the study area. By means of these distribution maps, an estimated result could also be obtained about the chemical distributions of waters in unsampled locations. Finally, the possible effects of the analyzed elements on human health and which areas being under risk due to excess elements were discussed in this study.

48-55

Authors: Esra Deniz Güner, Emine Su Turan

With the industrialization process, humanity has had to face the problem of global climate change through the intensive use of fossil fuels since the 1870s. This problem is seriously affecting all countries of the world regardless of the level of development. Renewable energy or alternative energy sources have been advocated in recent years, which is the most agreed proposition that has become prominent on the conservation of nature. With global warming, climate change, and scarcity of limited natural resources, the forms of energy and production that do not pollute nature have become one of the priority demands of the states especially since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol. In this study, the issue of global climate change and the importance of disseminating the use of renewable energy resources in respect to managing this problem were revealed.