Tyragetia

9-21

Authors: Lilia Zabolotnaia, Sorin Iftimi

This article is an attempt to critically review the visual documentation regarding the Vasile Lupu time that are of great interest for the Romanian and Polish historiography. We tried to compare some fragments from the life of Maria (Lupu) Radziwill with her preserved visual images. The groundwork of this scientific approach are illustrated sources of the epoch, in particular the frescoes in the Three Holy Hierarchs Church of Iaşi, which have been renovated during 1880s, and the portrait created by Szlegiel in 1851 that preserved the original images of the church frescoes before their renovation. Our study substantiates the authenticity and singularity of the Korneli Slegiel's portrait depicting the royal family of Vasile Lupu for the reason that it preserves the original appearance of the 17th century frescoes. Unknown drawing made by Korneli Szlegiel was discovered in the Warsaw National Mseum (Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie) in 2015. The images were exposed to interdisciplinary research, being examined from a purely artistic perspective as well as a cultural and historical point of view. The data of this study might be the basis of a subsequent reliable restoration of frescoes of the Three Holy Hierarchs Church.

35-52

Authors: Vasile Mărculeţ

The reign of Tsar Boril Asen (1207-1218) represents a crucial stage in the development of relations between the Bulgarian-Wallachian Empire and the Catholic powers, supporters of the crusades: The Latin Empire of Constantinople, the Kingdom of Thessalonica, Hungary and the Holy See. Under the pressure of a difficult international environment, these relationships have changed from a political dispute and armed conflict to the military-political alliance. In the relationship between the Second Bulgarian Empire and Crusader States there are two distinct periods: a) 1208-1213/1214, a stage of the conflict, marked by strong political tensions and military confrontation; b) 1213/1214-1218, a period of collaboration, marked by the entry of the State of Asens into the camp of Catholic powers and the conclusion of the military-political alliances.

67-72

Authors: Evgenia Kuykina

This article focuses on the little-known work devoted to the description of the Athos monasteries - "Proskynitarion of the Holy Mountain Athos". This work was published due to outstanding personalities of the second half of the 17th century: Prince of Wallachia Constantin Brâncoveanu, the author of the Greek text of the "Proskynitarion" - John Komnenos Molivd, a scribe and probable descendant of the Comnenus dynasty, and Athim the Iberian - known educator and Metropolitan of Wallachia, painter, the founder of the printing press in Snagov and Targovişte. Equally important is the history of the emergence of the Slavic text of the "Proskynitarion" performed by the hierodeacon of the Chudov Monastery in Moscow Damaskin in 1701.

97-116

Authors: Igori Sapozhnikov

The article is devoted to the analysis and publication of materials on the state of the fortresses of Bessarabia dated 1810s-1820s, in particular half-forgotten article of Alexey Martos "Some military remarks on Bessarabia" (1816). It was concluded that from 1806 and 1809, after the capture by Russian troops, the repair and reconstruction of the main fortresses of the region have been initiated almost immediately, at first secretly. It was a significant amount of work, which, however, did not reach its goal, since all the fortresses during the 19th century were disarmed or destroyed: Khotyn (1856), Bender (1897), Akkerman (1932), Kiliya (1856), Izmail (1856).

129-134

Authors: Alina Felea

The article deals with a sensitive issue related to the study of family history in Bessarabia: a divorce on the grounds of husband's impotence, which is not enough consecrated in historiography. In this study, based on concrete examples from the life of Bessarabians in the 1st half of the 19th century, there is presented the practice of divorce on the grounds of husband's sexual inability, as well as church regulations on this subject. As sources of the study there were used documents from the State Archive of the Republic of Moldova.

149-162

Authors: Valentin Tomuleţ, Angela Baxan

The Supreme Council of the Bessarabian Oblast as the supreme legislative, administrative and judicial authority of Bessarabia was formed from among the members of the two departments of the regional government on August 28, 1816, reorganized (in the source - established) on April 29, 1818 and authorized to carry out the organizational, administrative, economic, and judicial functions. After the Charter on the Formation of the Bessarabian Oblast was adopted on April 29, 1918, the administrative and judicial power in the region was held by the Supreme Council. Its competence includes monitoring and verification of all matters relating to decision-making in the executive, public and economic spheres, criminal and procedural affairs, and civil law; it was as well involved in all matters relating to movable, immovable, and land property. Its decisions, being approved by a majority vote, were not subject to appellate review and implemented immediately. Those who did not agree with a decision of the Supreme Council could appeal against this decision to the State Council through the Minister of Justice or the General Prosecutor.

173-185

Authors: Cristina Gherasim

In this article based on the study of archival sources and monographs the author considers some aspects of the influence of the tsarist legislation on the changes in the legal status of the Bessarabian nobility. After the annexation of the territory between the Dniester and the Prut to the Russian Empire, at first the tsarist government maintained the social categories existing in Bessarabia, and the relationships were regulated by the laws and customs of the Principality of Moldavia. Subsequently, Bessarabia was incorporated into the political and socio-economic system of the empire. Thus, the use of the tsarist laws on the territory of the region has led to changes in the status of the Bessarabian nobility. Despite the fact that the Bessarabian nobility had the same rights and have been included in the Russian nobility keeping the former privileges, in reality they, especially the indigenous nobility, were limited in their rights. Chief administrative positions in Bessarabia were given to foreign nobles and officials or those members of the local nobility, who were loyal to the tsarist policy. All this has led to dissociation (due to the introduction of foreign representatives into the ranks of the local gentry) and humiliation (because the nobles had to constantly prove their social status - a rather complicated process due to the lack of supporting documents for those who had the Moldavian noble rank or possessed property) of this social category.

199-209

Authors: Maria Danilov

The archive of Paul Gore, scattered over time on various private and public collections, always aroused the interest of researchers in many fields: genealogy, heraldry, sociology, cultural history or history of Bessarabia, especially under Tsarist domination. The most valuable collections of documents are kept in the Bucharest archives (Central National Historical Archives in Bucharest - ANICB), where there are 96 documents from Gore's family archive (1579-1945). A significant part of the collection consists of documents containing different historical information about the life and work of Gheorghe Gore (1839-1909). The activities of Paul Gore on the cultural arena of Bessarabia (the 2nd half of the 19th century) are well known. Less known are his writings, which remained for the most part in the manuscripts. Among Paul Gore's works we can distinguish a unique manuscript - "The public life of Moldavia until 1812: Gheorghe Gore's reasoning" (1860). The work contains 93 pages (in the notebook), and is in fact one of the first Bessarabian historical writings on land law of the Principality of Moldavia until 1812.

223-235

Authors: Lăcrămioara Manea

In this paper we emphasize the importance of the notes made on old books in the writing of historical works and biographies. This case study refers to Archimandrite Dosoftei Crihană (born in 1842 or 1843 [1840?], Cudalbi Village, Galaţi County - died in 1920, Galaţi), a great servant of the church and well-known confessor in the Northern Dobrudja area. Around 1860 he was the inhabitant of the Celic Dere Monastery (Tulcea County) and was ordained a hieromonk in 1864. He also served near Satu Nou-Delta (today C.A. Rosetti Village), at Sulina and was the last abbot of Taiţa Monastery in 1877-1878. Later, he was sent as parish priest to the old Saint Nicholas Cathedral in Sulina, where he served until 1910.

251-255

Authors: Cristina Tănase

Based on the study of documents from the collections of the Braşov County Museum of History, the author provides information on the concession on public transport in the municipalities of the Braşov County at the end of the 19th century. Based on the hungarian laws in the field adopted between 1878 and 1884, in the local statutes there are specified the maximum number of vehicles that can be leased, payment terms, traffic rules, routes and fares. Several paragraphs define the rights and responsibilities of owners and drivers of public vehicles. Final provisions concerned to sanctions in case of violations of the law. The normative acts were adopted by the Municipal Committee of Braşov and approved by the Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce in Budapest.

267-278

Authors: Nicolae Fuştei

The normalization of relations between the state and religious cults appear on the agenda at the beginning of the war, when there appeared the idea of creating a special agency authorized to perform communication between the government of the USSR and the Moscow Patriarchate. Such organization became the Council for Russian Orthodox Church created by a special decision of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in August 1943 (the full name of the institution was the Council for the Russian Orthodox Church Affairs of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR).

289-299

Authors: Tatiana Isachenko

This paper presents to reader a description of the most important work of the second half of the 17th century, which holds a special place in Russian culture. The Russian translation of the «prophetic book» called Chrismologion, presented to Tsar Aleksey Mikhailovich near the end of his reign, is an important part of the legacy from Rome and Constantinople and in an obvious way connects the themes of Prophecy, the Priesthood and the Empire, which are key themes in world history. The translation is supplied with a commentary by Nikolai Spatharu (Milescu-Spătaru) and presents the ideology which played an important role in the political and cultural life of Moscow in the 17th century.

317-325

Authors: Vera Stavilă

This article is the result of studying the collection of Soviet propaganda posters of the Second World War from NMHM. During the research it was found that they are very different in content, format and design. Typologically they can be divided into two categories: posters made by using a stencil technique and printed posters. The number of stencil posters in the museum's collection is small - 50 objects; their theme is dedicated to the events of 1945 - the last year of the war. Most of the collection consists of printed posters. There are originals and copies multiplied during the war and after its end by tens of thousands of exemplars. It was found that the informative message of the posters varied depending on the situation at the front and in the rear. In wartime, the sole purpose of the posters was a justification for the war and denigrating the enemy. Their role has resulted in the mobilization of society against the enemy. At the same time the posters were a form of manipulation of citizens by the Soviet authorities; they concealed crimes and ugly phenomena that accompanied the Soviet policy throughout its existence.

335-338

Authors: Vera Serjant

The National Museum of History of Moldova for the first time held a temporary exhibition dedicated to the history of advertising in Bessarabia (19th century 1930s). It was presented to the public in the hall upstairs from 24 December 2015 to 15 February 2016. The exhibition "Advertisements in Bessarabia" was aimed at promoting the museum collections, especially periodical press fund. It included about 106 exhibits. Newspapers were the most important means of advertising before the advent of radio and television. Selected advertisements contain information about the trading houses, factories, hotels, shops, bank offices, bars, theater and circus in Bessarabia, mainly in Chisinau. Images of Chisinau streets and buildings of previous years introduced the visitors to the atmosphere of bygone days. In the showcases promotional items were exhibited. As carriers of advertising information there were represented packages of goods. The exhibition was supplemented by the reconstruction of a kiosk of the late 19th century. The creators of the exhibition sought to immerse its visitors into the world of desires, expectations and values of the society in a certain historical period.

351-364

Authors: Elena Ploşniţa

The article "On museumification of the historical site Camp of Swedish King Charles XII at Varniţa" considers the problem of residence of the Swedish King Charles XII in Moldova, on the right bank of the Dniester, in Bender and Varniţa, as well as the need for research and lighting this common segment of Moldavian, Turkish, and Swedish history through the museumification of the historical site. Particular attention is paid to the plans of arrangement of the Swedish king's camps at Bender and Varniţa drawn up during the 19th century, especially to the plan created in 1840 by Bogdan Eitner, which now is stored in the collections of the National Museum of History of Moldova (Chişinău).