International Journal of Medical Laboratory

7

Authors: Ali Fattahi Bafghi, Banafsheh Goudiani *, Mohammad Hossein Mosadegh, Arefeh Dehghani, Maryam Sadeh

Background and Aims: Leishmaniasis is an intracellular protozoan- parasitic disease, the common vector of transmission. Both zoonotic and anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are endemic in different foci. With regard to the cutaneous form, 1.0-1.5 million cases were reported annually with 90% of the cases. Although antimony-containing compounds that are the main drugs used to treat Leishmaniasis has been recommended for CL treatment by the World Health Organization, but there are some restrictions in this case, including high expense, side effects, frequent injections need, and incomplete efficacy. The current research was conducted the effect of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus beta-haemolytic Supernatants’ on Leishmania major promastigotes (PMs) viability: an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus beta-haemolytic cultured for preparing supernatant, then Leishmania (L) major strain [MRHO/IR/75/ER] PMs cultured in Novy-Nicolle-Mac Neal (NNN) and roswell park memorial institute 1640 media. The cell proliferation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, BrdU (Chemiluminescent) was performed as described by Roche Diagnostics. The mean of the viability PMs of Leishmania (L) major strain [MRHO/IR/75/ER] in culture according to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus beta-haemolytic supernatant, Glocantime concentrations and in the control group (Glocantime) was obtained. Results: It was shown that there was a statistical significant difference among Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus beta-haemolytic supernatant inhibits growth of Leishmania (L) major strain [MRHO/IR/75/ER] PMs with the control group (p<0.05) . Conclusions: These exciting results suggest that Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus beta-haemolytic Supernatants have significant therapeutic potential as novel anti-leishmanial.

9

Authors: Mahdi Ghorbani, Fatemeh Yari *, Mahtab Maghsudlu, Alireza Manafi Rasi, Nasser Amirizadeh

Background and Aims: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common orthopedic surgery. The main focus in the research of THA is immune responses in these patients following the blood transfusion.Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the immune modulation indexes such as T cell amplification, Tcell surface markers and also production of cytokines in the patients undergoing THA surgery following blood transfusion. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients referred to Imam Hussein Hospital for THA surgery were included in the study between May 2015 to May 2016. Transfusions of 500 ml allogeneic red blood were done during and immediately after recovery of THA operation. Along with pre- and post-operation, immune modulatory effects of transfusion, including proliferation of T lymphocyte, secretion of T cell cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin(IL)-4 and expression of T lymphocyte surface markers such as human leukocyte antigen D related (HLA-DR) and CD25 were evaluated. Results: Blood transfusion induced the expression of CD25 and HLA-DR markers in the THA patients. Blood transfusion also increased the secretion of IL-4 in post-operative stages in the THA patients. Results showed the increased IL-4 levels after blood transfusion. Whereas the levels of secretion in INF- γ were decreased after blood transfusion. Conclusions: Allogeneic blood transfusion in the patients with the THA induced a cascade of immune and inflammatory responses, including increasing in T cell amplification and change in the secretion of interleukins that causes a modulation of immune responses. Further investigations should be performed to verify this hypothesis.

9

Authors: Mitra Jalali, Mahsa Hassanipour, Mohammadreza Hajizadeh, Soudeh Khanamani Falahati Pour, Alireza Khoshdel, Farzad Roustai, Marzieh Rezai, Mehdi Mahmoodi *

Background and Aims: Metabolic syndrome, a common metabolic disorder, for the serious health consequences such as insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities has been considered as a major clinical challenge with obscure causes. Oxidative stress is an important component of metabolic syndrome, contributing in its development. Troxerutin, a semi-synthetic derivative of natural bioflavonoid rutin, exerts various pharmacological activities, which among all, strong anti-oxidative property is of great importance. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of troxerutin on metabolic parameters and oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome induced by fructose in male rats. Materials and Methods: In order to induce metabolic syndrome, animals received the water containing 20% fructose for 8 weeks. Troxerutin was administered to animals with the dose of 150 mg/kg orally for 4 weeks after induction of metabolic syndrome following biochemical analysis and oxidative stress marker assessment. Results: Data showed that high-fructose diet leads to elevation of blood glucose and insulin resistance and causes abnormalities in lipid profile as well as oxidative stress enhancement (signs of a metabolic syndrome) (p<0.001). Troxerutin administration improved the detrimental effects of metabolic syndrome on biochemical factors and diminished oxidative stress (p<0.001). Conclusions: Troxerutin administration reverses the deleterious effect of metabolic syndrome in rats with high-fructose diet.