Journal of Health Research in Community

1-11

Authors: Farin Fatemi , Mahdi Mohammadiyan

Introduction and purpose: Surgeons are exposed to different risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to their occupational nature. The aim of the current research was to investigate the ergonomics of surgeons during laparoscopic and open surgeries and present applicable ergonomic strategies for the reduction of MSDs risk factors among this population.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 85 surgeons, performing laparoscopic and open surgeries, in one of the general hospitals of Tehran, Iran, in 2016. The participants were assessed by means of two ergonomic assessment methods, namely Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Strain Index (SI). Additionally, they filled out the Nordic body map questionnaire. Finally, the equipment and environmental conditions of the operation rooms were also evaluated. The data were analyzed using Excel and SPSS software.Results: The highest MSD prevalence rate was related to the lumber (76.4%) and neck (64.7%). Furthermore, laparoscopic surgery had the upper risk level of MSDs; in this regard, this risk was obtained as 72% and 86% by RULA and SI methods, respectively. Furthermore, among the laparoscopic surgeries, neck posture risk level was significantly different from that of the open surgeries in the RULA approach (P<0.05). Likewise, in the SI method, the risk level of the wrist in laparoscopic surgeries was significantly different from that of the open surgeries (P<0.05).Conclusion: As the findings of the present study indicated, the risk level of laparoscopic operation was higher than that of the open surgeries. However, much non-compliance in terms of the surgeons and non-ergonomic equipment was observed with ergonomic instructions in both of the mentioned operations. Therefore, it is suggested to adopt ergonomic corrective measures with the priority of laparoscopic surgeries in order to prevent MSDs among surgeons.

27-34

Authors: Rajabali Hokmabadi , Hamid Tavakoli , Morteza Morteza esmailzade , Hossien Ebrahimyan

Introduction and purpose: Today, occupational stress is an outcome of occupational processes, factors, and conditions. The bus driver job is one of the most stressful occupations. The main objective of this study was the assessment of occupational stress level in Bojnurd city-bus drivers. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was performed on 61 bus drivers in the city of Bojnurd, Iran, who were chosen using the simple random sampling method in 2016. The data were gathered using Philip el Rice standard job stress questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 18. Results: The results showed that all the drivers were male and married. The mean age of the subjects was 41±5 years, and the average working experience was 12±5 years. The average occupational stress score in drivers was 147.5±24.8. The results indicated that 97% of the drivers were under high stress. In addition, the results showed a significant relationship between job stress and work shift. However, there was not any significant association between job stress and other variables such as age, work experience, educational level, and employment type. Conclusion: High stress level in the studied drivers indicated that the implementation of a comprehensive stress management program is required.

49-64

Authors: Atena Ramezani - , Atefeh Ramezani -

Introduction and purpose: There are several important factors for prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Out of all, diet modification has a great amount of efficacy. However, the genetic differences in individuals make diet effects dissimilar in various people. In fact, the difference in metabolic responses of individuals to foods due to different genotypes is known as noregenetics. Nutrigenomics represents a suitable approach to CVD prevention and treatment through optimization of individuals’ dietary intakes based on genotype.Methods: This review study was conducted to investigate the most important polymorphisms associated with CVD risk factors. To this end, the English articles related to polymorphism and expression of the genes involved in CVDs and inflammation having been published since 2000 were searched in Pubmed, Science direct, Google scholar.The search process was accomplished using the following keywords: “Nutrigenetics”, “Gene”, “Polymorphism”, “Diet therapy”, and “Cardiovascular disease”.Results: Understanding the interaction of genes and nutrients requires tools for the study of Nitrigenomics, Noregenetics, and phenotypic characteristics. The human genome project revealed small changes in single polymorphism Nucleotide is called Single-nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPS) and it's happening in the genes. These changes in the genotype cause a change in function due to the activation of the gene.In a review of studies, it was found that SNPS not only clearly affects the level of cytokine production in humans; But also plays a very close role in mortality in a wide range of diseases. In the present study, the most important polymorphisms associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease are discussed.Conclusion: Therefore, from the perspective of health, knowledge in the field of prevention and treatment of diseases, heart arteries, and general dietary recommendations can be applied to each particular genotype group.

79-88

Authors: Seyed Aboalhassan Naghibi , Mahbubeh Ahmadi , Farzaneh Afkhaminia

Introduction and purpose: Anemia is one of the most common nutritional disorders in the world and is often associated with iron deficiency. Iron deficiency anemia causes waste of educational resources and health care, reduction of productivity through increased mortality, and finally the reduction of physical and psychological capacity in a large part of society. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of female junior high school students in Neka city, Iran, about iron deficiency in 2016. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 480 junior high school students in Neka, who were educating during 2016. The study population was selected through multi-stage sampling technique. The data collection tools included a questionnaire covering demographic data and assessing the knowledge (18 items), attitude (14 items), and performance (9 items) about iron deficiency. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including independent t-test and one-way ANOVA, in SPSS software (version 20). Results: According to the results, the mean age of the students was 12.91±0.79. In this study, 17.1%, 38.3%, and 1.9% of the students had good level of knowledge, attitude, performance regarding iron deficiency, respectively. The results also revealed a significant relationship between paternal education level and knowledge score (P=0.001). Furthermore, maternal education showed a significant relationship with knowledge (P=0.001) and performance (P=0.019). There was also a significant difference between the different levels of paternal occupation in terms of the mean score of knowledge (P=0.001) and performance (P=0.002). However, maternal occupation demonstrated no significant relationship with knowledge, attitude, and performance.Conclusion: As the findings indicated, the knowledge of the majority of students about iron deficiency was at a moderate level; however, most of them had a poor performance in this regard. Therefore, in line with the Health Promoting School programs, the design of family-centered and school-based interventional programs is recommended to empower parents, students, and school about iron deficiency anemia.