Problems of Management in the 21st Century

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Authors: Editorial Board

Contents, Vol. 6, 2013, PMC

7-14

Authors: Tatiana Karkoszka

The purpose of the research has been preparation of the univocal methodology of integrated risk management and usage of the system and technological solutions as a manner of quality, environmental and occupational risk optimization. The methodology used for the analysis has included a proposition of system, technological and cost aspects of integrated risk management. Particularly the methodology management should be based on the optimization of the risk and realized as the integrated operational control as well as on the monitoring of integrated system risk. Findings of the research, which have been conducted on the basis of the prepared methodology, are as follows: one of the manners of the integrated risk reduction is application of the univocal method of integrated risk estimation, which should be specific for the organization. Results of the integrated analysis should be a starting point for the minimization of the integrated risk by assuring processes continuity both on organizational and technological level. Practical implication, confirmed in the chosen production organization, can be applied in case of any organization, which wants to manage the integrated risk in the complex meaning of clients’ requirements, natural environment protection and safety conditions assurance.

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Authors: Jorge Lima de Magalhães, Luc Quoniam, Núbia Boechat

This paper aimed to identify and analyse the evolution of the generic pharmaceutical market in Brazil, specifically olanzapine drugs. For this purpose, it has been demonstrated trends through access free tools. By bibliographical survey in indexed databases as well as official data in Brazil for generic drugs and public policy, it was analyzed and performed a case study . In 2012, global pharmaceutical industry surpassed US$ 950 billion in sales with trend to reach US$ 1,2 trillion by 2016. In Brazil market has grown in its global ranking, jumped from 10th place to 7th place in five years and projection it’ll stay Top five by 2015. Brazil has significant presence in pharmerging markets by increasing US$ 10 billion/year. Generics segment accounts approximately to 20% of the total market. 2003-2011 registered a growth of 42.3%. Patents expiration in the neuroleptics area becomes more promising like a market of olanzapine in the last eight years is around US$ 120 million. After the end of the olanzapine patent (2011) sales increased 270% which demonstrate potential Brazilian market in this new century. Management problems for developing nations and undeveloped such as network management and patents analysis for health care might reveal great opportunities for investors, e.g., creation of the Big Brazilian biotechnology pharmaceutical industry.

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Authors: Stephen N. M. Nzuve, Lucy M. Kiilu

An industrial dispute may be defined as a conflict or difference of opinion between management and workers on the terms of employment (Kornhauser, Dubin and Ross, 1954). In today`s business world, competition is the order of the day. Production, quality, profits and corporate social responsibility are critical areas where companies can improve competitive edge. To attain competitive edge, companies must first ensure cooperation and harmonious relationship between all stakeholders. The general aim of the study was to investigate the causes of industrial disputes in the garment factories in the Export Processing Zone (EPZ) Athi-River, Kenya. The study employed a descriptive research design to determine what caused the disputes and what the possible solutions were. The study population consisted of the shop stewards and human resource managers working at the four garment factories that were in operation at the time of the study. The research instrument used was a questionnaire administered to the respondents. It was established that working conditions, pay rates, terms of employment and employee relations were the main causes of the disputes. Weak trade union movement, inefficient and inadequate social security, lack of employment benefits, opportunities for training, promotion, trained personnel at the health service, short contract and low pay are the main problems encountered by those working at the EPZ. The study recommended that employee’s welfare and working conditions are important factors to be considered by any employer. Both supervisors and workers should work on their relationship and change attitude towards each other. The terms of employment should be looked into as many employees are unhappy with the terms of employment especially the short contracts and majority feel they are not recognized or awarded for their contribution to the organization. On the other hand, employees need to understand clearly the company policies, rules, regulations and procedures in place. This can be initiated by management providing employee with manuals or handbooks. There should also be clear channels of communication in the organization to enhance smooth operation, understanding and enhance healthy industrial relationships.

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Authors: Editorial Board

End page, Vol. 6, 2013, PMC