Problems of Continuous Geographic Education and Cartography

3-7

Authors: Olena Sinna, Vilina Peresadko, Oksana Bodnia, Oleksandra Volkovaia, Vladyslav Popov, Oleksandr Tretyakov

The article represents the experience of organizing the international conference “GIS-forum”, which is annually held at V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. The main purpose of GIS-forum in 2012-2017 was to establish a constructive dialogue between distributors of software, geodata and GIS-services, providers of the equipment used in the GIS-industry, potential consumers of products, scientists, academicians who work in the field of GIS technologies, and future GIS specialists. The format of GIS-forum includes different types of events (reports, equipment exhibition, master classes, seminars, round tables, student projects contest) which gives the opportunities to different specialists in geoinformatics, remote sensing, geodesy and related industries to present their interests, to discuss current state and prospects of geoinformatics development in Ukraine and the world, to assess the state of geoinformation services market, as well as the need for specialists and the requirements for their training. An important aspect of the forum is the possibility to participate both full-time, and in a remote form, which is provided by webinar broadcasting. This makes it possible to significantly expand geography of the participants. The forum was attended by representatives from the USA, Spain, Portugal, Slovakia, Estonia, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, and of course - from different cities of Ukraine (in different years), which took part in the forum either in full-time or a distance form. The key modern principles of GIS-forum organization are: integration of education, science and production in GIS-industry for the solution of common problems; democratic and flexible financial policies of the event; modernity, innovation, interdisciplinarity; teamwork to achieve goals. The expediency and success of such events are determined by the ever-growing need for training highly qualified GIS specialists, in which all participants in the process (universities, scientists, businessmen) are interested, and which should be effective and relevant, considering the dynamic development of the industry. The presented trends of changing the subject, the contingent of participants, the types of events at the GIS forums in different years illustrate the changes that take place in the GIS-business and labor market in Ukraine, and accordingly - enable us to understand what changes should be introduced into the training of specialists by higher education institutions. The next GIS-forum will be held on February 21-23, 2018. All news and details of the event are published on the website of the event http://gis-forum.org.ua.

12-15

Authors: Elena Galai

The structure of academic course «Natural resource cadastres of Belarus» for the students majoring in «Geoecology» at Geography faculty of Belarussian State University is considered in the article. The study is aimed at creation and development of academic, socio-professional and practical-oriented competence to solve the problems in the sphere of environmental protection and rational nature use. The students get knowledge about the components of natural resource cadastres: their quantity record and assessment according to the quality, economic estimation, state registration of nature users. They study law basis of cadastre control, first of all, the Statute on procedure of cadastre conducting. The significance of natural resource cadastres for rational distribution and specialization of economic objects as well as for the rational use and resource protection is considered in the course. The students study the structure of each set of nature resource cadastres. One of them is represented by the cadastre book, another – by three books (state water cadastre: the cadastre of surface waters, of underground waters, of water resource usage). Others include seven cadastre books (for example, state cadastre of the plant world). The students get acquainted with geographical and ecological information. It allows them to analyse spatiotemporal changes of quantity and quality indexes, characterising definite types of natural resources. State cadastres of open air and waste products are different from other types. The cadastre of open air includes an information code about the quantity and quality content of pollutant emissions in the atmosphere. The data about the quantity and quality of waste characteristic and the information about waste usage, storage and utilisation are presented in the waste cadastre. Lectures go with practical classes and individual work, aimed at the formation of practice-oriented student competence.

20-23

Authors: Lyudmila Datsenko

The article considers the necessity to make changes in the university curriculum in accordance with the requirements of today. Modern cartography is integrated with GIS and remote sensing and in this context we see the prospect of training experts at universities. GIS education has some specific features that distinguish it from other types of training such as the interdisciplinary nature, a wide range of highly informative software applications, a combination of geographical and engineering knowledge. GIS specialists must have system knowledge and skills in the design, operation and development in this field. Only intensive use of mapping, GIS, geodetic, and photogrammetric knowledge and methods in scientific research and their effective use in the practice of modern production allow the international community to achieve high results. The main directions of educational programs at the Department of Geodesy and Cartography are preservation and further development of the rich heritage of scientific and pedagogical achievements of higher cartographical education in Ukraine; the study and involvement in the educational process of the best achievements of foreign higher education; preparation and updating of scientific and methodological support of educational process; modernization of material and technical basis for the learning process and field training practices; involvement of new professional teaching staff; training of the faculty staff. The demand on mapping courses and related workshops at the Department of Geodesy and Cartography Geography Department is determined by certain factors: the growth of interdisciplinary research involving extensive mapping component; growing of demand for mapping and GIS products from scientific, practical, commercial, and educational institutions; the need to increase productivity in the field of cartography, geoinformatics and adjacent to their fields of study and practice; issues of general improvement of geo-mapping education.

28-31

Authors: Aleksandr Dontsov

The article states that due to the active development of tourism in Ukraine training in this area by European standards, principles and criteria becomes particularly relevant. The reform of Higher Education defines training of qualitatively new specialists, highly qualified professionals with a creative type of thinking, culture and citizenship as a priority. The author focuses on reviewing and analyzing aspects of methodological support regarding the combination of individual and collective forms of organization and training sessions, as well as balance of theory and practice. It is noted that at the initial stages of mastering new material is dominated by individual forms of work. This is explained by the need to make psychological and mental effort, to focus the students on study. Using a technique based on independent creative search activity, logical thinking, the construction of certain associations, identifying causal relationships develops the best cognitive activity of students. At the later stage collective learning is more effective for the active search of new knowledge after we consolidate the learned material. At this stage the knowledge of primary factual material of a given subject is not so important as the development of thinking, the ability to formulate and suggest a hypothesis to seek evidence for its solution and thus acquire new knowledge. The necessity to develop teaching methods for the course curriculum is based on innovations in organizing training sessions and is conducted in interactive forms. It has been found out that combination of individual and collective learning promotes the development of students’ personality, creative abilities, skills, readiness for active life position. A number of priority measures that influence the efficiency of educational process, quality training of future specialists for tourism industry have been analyzed.

36-40

Authors: Halina Lisicharova, Tetiana Nikolaieva

The article deals with the interconnection between the decommunization process and the training of the Geography students personnel. Four laws come into effect in Ukraine. They have to eradicate communistic heritage and the society ideologization. This process has touched upon the issue of Geographical names. 926 settlements in Ukraine were renamed in 2016. The aim of the article is to elicit the particular features of the decommunization process of the oikonyms (the names of any inhabited places) as well as to account the process itself as theoretical requisite to the informatization of the modern geographical education. The authors have tried to systematize the renamed settlements according to the semantic approach. New names have been distributed in 17 nominations. A lot of different variations in the nominations were represented in the renaming of the polysonyms (the names of cities) in Dnipropetrovs’k, Donetsk, Lugans’k, Kharkiv and Kherson regions, homonyms (the names of villages) in Dnipropetrovs’k, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhya, Kharkiv regions. The integral rate was calculated by the authors to estimate the variety of the nominated categories of the renamed settlements in Ukrainian regions as well as to conduct the spatial analysis of the decommunization process of the oikonyms. Two subject maps are the result of the research. The destination of these maps is to help geography students to understand the tendency process of decommunization which has to do with the names of the settlements. The statistic and cartography data base can be useful in studying the geographical courses in practice as well as in the independent student work. The materials of the article can be used in the educational process of secondary schools.

45-49

Authors: Nataliia Popovych

The paper aims to study the methods of map series production for a local social-economic development strategy. It has been noted that it is advisable to coordinate the maps subject with the main goals set in the strategy. The author gives the recommendations to choose the means of cartographic representation and geographical basis, in particular. Since maps presented in this strategies may be used by different groups of people (managers, scientists, average citizens), developing the geographical basis, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of maximum completeness. The layout of map series should be carried out considering classical recommendations. The means of cartographic representation for local social-economic development strategies are significantly different from those for supranational, national, regional and municipal strategies. For local strategies maps it is appropriate to choose methods of cartographic symbols, line symbols, isolines, localized diagrams, areas and vectors. Special symbols and map design system elaboration considering global trends such as use of bright colors, visual, pictorial representation have been highlighted. Given that development strategies are often used by non-specialists in the field of cartography, it is extremely important that the developed symbols correspond to the principles of expressiveness and artistry. The author presents the structure, directions of use and sample of cartographic works of map series for «Pesochin Social-Economic Development Strategy for 2017-2020», created at the Department of Physical Geography and Cartography of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University in accordance with the given recommendations. The map series includes the following maps: «Geographical position», «Budget-forming sectors», «Medical services», «Accessibility of educational services», «Tourist recreational potential», «Transport network», «Residential functional planning zones», «Development prospects». To control the pace of implementation of the tasks set in the strategy, it is recommended to use cartographic monitoring.

54-59

Authors: Kateryna Sehida

The most reasonable and prudent method to consider the region’s population as a regional geodemographic system and its features lies in its inseparable connection with the general process of regional soсiogeosystem’s development that takes into account many factors including regional development, which influence the geodemographic processes in the region. Geodemographic system is treated as a functional component in soсigeosystem at the heart of social and geographical concepts. Geodemographic system of the region is based on five methodological approaches: geographical, systemic, synergistic, historical and informational. The authors elucidate methodological features of geodemographic study of the region from the perspective of human geography. These methodological approaches to study basic techniques and application features are disclosed in the content. Among the scientific methods we consider probabilistic and statistical methods, methods of organizing, summarizing, comparing, system analysis, modeling. Among specific methods are mapping method, IFV modeling, development trajectory modeling, component analysis of the initial vector, other methods of multivariate analysis and GIS technology. The special research methods of geodemographic system include a system of techniques to study the characteristics of population distribution in the territory, and a number of demographic and geodemographic methods and techniques to establish the demographic characteristics of the territories. The geodemographic software research system of the region is presented; the list of statistical indicators for information database is mentioned. The demographic index groups to characterize the system, including vital factors of speed, intensity of demographic processes, reproduction and structural factors are defined. The key demographic factors and coefficients are presented both in absolute,and relative units. Database features to implement social and geographical concepts of geodemographic system of Kharkiv region considering the settlement structure of the region have been established.

65-68

Authors: Sergey Sukhinin

The concept of geographical education is the main document regulating the structure and content of the subject study. The new Concept of geographical education in the Russian Federation was developed in 2016 by the Russian Geographical Society in conjunction with the Ministry of science and education of the Russian Federation. It was submitted for the discussion of the pedagogical and scientific community and adopted at the second All-Russian Congress of geography teachers 2-3 November, 2016 in M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. A new Concept of geographical education in the Russian Federation was adopted at the end of 2016. It contains the main principles, priorities, goals, objectives and main directions of geographical education development in school and in extracurricular activities; defines the mechanisms, tools, resources, and expected implementation results. There are significant contradictions and problems of implementation of the Concept, putting some purpose into the category of impossible. This requires coordination and adjustment of the Concept’s provisions with the realities of educational activities at school and at the university. At the same time, in the Concept there are significant differences that put some of its goals in the category of impossible. Their main reason is the inconsistency of some provisions of the concept with a real educational process. In this regard, there is the problem of matching and adjustment of the Concept’s provisions, bringing them into conformity with other normative documents in the field of education and real teaching activities at school and at the University.

73-77

Authors: Boris Shulika

The article analyses the constructive and geographical approach to solve the problem of distribution and commercial cultivation of grapes in the North-Eastern forest-steppe region of Ukraine. This approach forms an important basis of the theory and practice of cultivation areas proliferation of atypical for the steppe zone finicky heat-loving crops, in particular grapes. The special features of natural conditions of the region have been highlighted. Based on years of meteorological and phenological observations there has been proved the possibility to practically develop viticulture in these conditions. It has been found that agrometeorological conditions directly affect the growing season and grapes’ quality. For the first time it has been shown the influence of weather types and climate characteristics of the weather of the forest-steppe region on the individual phases of grapes development. During the study, there have been maintained connections with the professional growers in the East of Ukraine (Kharkiv, Poltava, Sumy region) that have lasted for more than 10 years. The importance of long-term observations of the influence of agrometeorological conditions of the region allows to obtain data used to improve vegetation and quality parameters of grapes. The author has applied new approaches to the phases of grapes development and the distribution of temperature conditions for each phase particularly. The active temperatures sums for each phase of grapes development has been studied as well as the regulation of heat by phases. The algorithm to determine grapes yield in the North-Eastern forest-steppe region of Ukraine has been suggested. There have been developed predictive variations recommendations for the successful development of viticulture.