Problems of Continuous Geographic Education and Cartography

4-10

Authors: Aleksandr Dontsov

It is determined in the article that cartographic works that represent the integral image and complex characteristic of a certain territory, giving the possibility of orientation in space and time, remain the basic resource in the information support of tourism. The author focuses his attention on updating the thematic content of tourist maps, in particular, reflected objects and manifestations of the intangible cultural heritage of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of tourist maps, regarding the volume and means of information saturation, a broad representation of objects of a fixed heritage: natural, historical, cultural, archaeological, architectural, ritual is studied. Information about the objects and manifestations of the intangible cultural heritage, in addition to the objects of UNESCO and some famous crafts, is insufficient. In the case of information overload of the map, the possibilities in the depicted objects of thematic content are limited, their readability and orientation become more complicated. The necessity of further scientific research and practical developments for displaying the expanded species composition of objects and manifestations of the heritage, unification of the system of symbols is substantiated. Measures to improve tourist maps are proposed through wider introduction of cartographic modeling techniques, GIS technologies; perfection of figurative means; enrichment of information content of maps; improvement of design; expanding the range of cartographic works.

18-25

Authors: Olga Burla

The purpose of this article. The article defines the development factors of natural, demographic, political, economic and social systems. Variants of factors classification by various criteria are stated. Assessment of features and consequences of separate factors’ influence on the territorial organization and development of economy is given. The main material. The main attention is paid to the analysis of spatial factors, as well as to scientific and technical progress. Types of geographical location and subspecies of the economic and geographical situation are considered. The main features and directions of scientific and technological progress, consequences of the scientific and technological revolution in production and the service sector are outlined. Among the main consequences of the scientific and technological revolution impact are: automation, creation of new materials, computerization, creation of global networks. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the negative consequences of scientific and technological progress. The classification of activities according to the leading factor of territorial organization is given, as well as corresponding examples. The increase in the influence of military and political factors, both on the development of the economies of individual countries as a whole, and on the system of international economic relations, is noted. It is emphasized that the spatial organization of the economy is constantly becoming more complex under the influence of new factors. Conclusions and further research. The necessity to study the totality of the factors under consideration in the system of general and higher geographic education is substantiated. It is suggested that they be taken into account when implementing programs for socioeconomic development of regions and countries. It is noted that in assessing the direction and the degree of individual factors’ influence, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the territory - the size, configuration, location of the population and economic objects, the level of infrastructure development, coordination of management decisions.

34-39

Authors: Mykola Dubnytskyi, Alexander Barladin

The article describes creation of interactive web-maps of JSC «Institute of Advanced Technologies» on the basis of its own data, data from open sources and open technologies. The need to ensure available computers in schools and general access to modern information technology has been underlined in the article. In this context, it is especially important to provide schools with modern computer programs and information resources, both in content and in form. A retrospection analysis of cartographic products development from the paper stage to modern interactive web maps was conducted. The lost relevance of paper maps and maps on discs is currently being noted. The importance of created IAT interactive educational web-maps is specified. Description of the interactive administrative and physical map of Ukraine is given. Other web projects, in particular, Wikipedia were demonstrated on the map and on a universal interactive map. The technology of their creation, instrumental capabilities of maps and methodical recommendations on their use are described. The prospects of further development of this cartographic direction for educational needs are also indicated. The article emphasizes that geography, other natural courses and history are subjects that can not be taught correctly without qualitative accompanying cartographic materials. This applies to both traditional cartographic materials and figures, educational resources such as maps, illustrations, animations, videos, CD programs and geographic information systems. It is also important that working with digital materials teaches pupils and teachers to be more independent in their studies and to be able to identify the necessary mass information. Such materials further enhance the overall level of their computer skills.

48-53

Authors: Yuri Kоbchеnkо, Vyacheslav Rezunenko

Formulation of the problem. The urgency of the problem posed is the need to take into account the degree of intensity and quantitative study of dangerous atmospheric processes that cover large areas and cause significant economic damage to agriculture. When solving these questions it is necessary to have an objective estimation of different factors impact including weather and climate on the level of agricultural production. This will allow to assess various indicators of agro-meteorological conditions more reasonably in the estimation of the cereal harvest. Analysis of recent research and publications. The study of atmospheric processes and their effect on agricultural crops are devoted to in the works of V.V. Dokuchaev, P.I. Brоunоv, P.І. Kоlоskоv, G.Т. Sеlyaninov А.M. Аlpаtev S.А. Sаpоzhnikоvа, I.E. Buchinsky, N.B. Bova, V.A. Volevaha, V. Romushevich, Yu.І. Chirkоv, М.І. Budykо, А.R. Коnstаntіnоv, G.P. Dubinskiy. Formation of the purpose of the article. The article considers the questions of scientific research application and cartographical and mathematical methods. The following tasks are defined: to study the initial preconditions and methodological support in the study of this problem; to analyze the data of hydrometeorological service; to determine the empirical relationships of the spatial-temporal structure in the development of arid phenomena on the territory of Kharkiv region. Presentation of the main research material. In this paper, an attempt is made to use quantitative characteristics of environmentally hazardous atmospheric phenomena development for the analysis of their formation and influence on human economic activity. To do this, we used a cartographic and mathematical method of research. It consists in the fact that natural phenomena and, in particular, environmentally dangerous ones are placed on a map in the system of conditional signs and then are analyzed by methods of mathematical statistics, quantitative characteristics of the investigated phenomenon. The apparatus of mathematical statistics helps to solve probabilistic tasks of cartographic representation of natural phenomena, as well as to study various connections between natural phenomena reflected on maps, to measure and assess them. Involvement of the mathematical apparatus in the study of the cartographic image stems from the need for in-depth knowledge of the phenomena essence depicted in the maps. The study of natural phenomena without application of the map-mathematical method is considered to be one-sided since this does not take into account one of the important aspects of any study - quantitative relations and regularities. The result of the research is an analysis of statistical indicators of agricultural crops harvest and hydrometeorological conditions in Kharkiv region. Having analyzed these indicators, we determined that quantitative dependence of the crop on the number of dry days has a complex nonlinear multi-parameter appearance. At the same time, close connection between the harvest of corn and sugar beets with weather conditions was very significant, as indicated by the large correlation coefficient between them, equal to 0.87-0.90. We worked out a hypothesis about the form of functional dependence between these components. Using the mathematical modeling method to analyze the spatio-temporal structure of natural-anthropogenic phenomenon development allows us to unify the hydrometeorological characteristics. It can be used in different fields of science, in particular, in recreational geography. The apparatus of mathematical statistics helps to reliably solve the cartographic representation tasks of natural phenomena, as well as to study the versatile links between natural and anthropogenic objects, which are reflected on the maps, measure and estimate them. Conclusions. Cartographic and mathematical research method is an important component in the study of natural phenomena and processes and helps to solve probabilistic tasks of cartographic representation of natural phenomena, as well as to study the versatile relationships between natural phenomena reflected on maps, measure and quantitatively assess them.

61-67

Authors: Lyudmila Polishchuk, Anna Moroz, Ruslan Kravchenko

The purpose of this article is to discover ways and opportunity to familiarize students with natural and anthropogenic landscapes in the process of studying geography at school. The main material. The article emphasizes the need for geographic education not focusing on the accumulation of little related multilateral knowledge. It reveals the importance of forming a holistic outlook and a comprehensive understanding of nature and the biosphere, as part of nature and environment of human existence. It emphasizes the essential role of knowledge about natural and manmade landscapes, which helps to solve problems of human-nature relationship, giving the possibility to understand natural processes and peculiarities of anthropogenic influence on them. Economic activities in Kharkiv region have led to the formation of various man-made landscapes within the natural landscapes: agricultural, residential, industrial, transport, aquatic, forest. Within the agricultural landscape there is soil degradation, flooding, salinity, erosion, landslides, deflation. In the limits of residential landscapes (urban and rural) relief, microclimate, soils and water objects change, domestic and industrial wastes are formed. Quarries, dumps, road construction, trimming slopes, laying links, piers, reducing the area of forests- all this leads to a negative impact on the composition of soils, groundwater, migration and reproduction of plants and animals. The environment, protective function of forests, biodiversity and the state of the natural landscapes are damaged. Conclusions and further research. Knowledge about anthropogenic transformation of natural landscapes will ensure imagination of the world’s unity, understanding the consequences of negative human influence on the constituent environments, as well as the formation of a responsible approach to cognitive and practical activity of students in the study of geography.

74-83

Authors: Vera Sprenne, Alexander Zhemerov

Formulation of the problem. International economic relations (IER) is an important link in the process of interaction between states and regions of the modern world. The IER reflect the level of country development, the degree of their internationalization, is an integral part of the world’s improvement. Therefore, the study of IER at school is becoming increasingly necessary. One of the disadvantages of geography training programmes is the lack of a unified system for studying the IER. Acquaintance with them is transferred to the final course of geography. The purpose of the article is to present an improved system of knowledge about international economic relations and methods of their study in school geography. The main part. The article considers the component study of IER relations in existing curricula in geography; the peculiarities of the formation of knowledge about IER in different grades; the proposed system of knowledge about IER in the school geography; described methods of studying IER in geography lessons at school, taking into account the pupils’ age. Among the proposed methods is the use of electronic learning tools for better assimilation of the topic. The system of IER concepts formation at school is improved. In the 6th grade, we propose to begin to form the concept of international tourism. In the 7th grade, the concept of the main IER forms: trade, tourism, financial relations, scientific and technical cooperation should be formed. In the 8th grade we offer to form the concept of international labour movement and international integration processes. In the 9th grade, the concept of international currency relations is formed and knowledge of all forms of IER is systematized. Conclusions. Analysis of existing programs on geography shows the lack of knowledge about IER, the concept of which is presented only in 9-th grade. It is insufficient for a modern citizen’s preparation. There is an urgent need to expand the IER concepts in school geography. It is proposed to use a variety of methods to form the concepts of IER in 6-9 grades, especially discussions, work with interactive maps, on-line testing, and so on. Active and independent learning is gradually increasing from 6 th to 9-th grade. In the future, it is expected to test the effectiveness of the proposed method in the course of pedagogical experiment in geography lessons at school.

4-11

Authors: Lyudmila Datsenko, Bohdan Siryi

This article contains main information on designing the historical atlas of the Holocaust in Ukraine. The goal of creating the atlas is to demonstrate preconditions, progress and aftermath of the Holocaust in Ukraine. During the analysis of the sources of historical information about Holocaust, the authors found two atlases, which contained maps of the Holocaust in Europe: Martin Gilbert’s «The Routledge Atlas of the Holocaust» and «Historical Atlas of the Holocaust» created by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Developments of the Holocaust in Ukraine are classified by location and chronology in three stages: escalation of the Holocaust in Ukraine (1941), mass extermination of Jews (1942), the final solution to the Jewish question (1943-1944). The process of the atlas design includes creating system of map’s symbols, arrangement of maps, design of different elements of cartographic images and pages of atlas. There two types of map’s symbols: general geographic and thematic. Thematic map symbols are distributed by frequency of use into commonly used and special. The creation of the map’s symbols is based on three statements: associativity, unambiguousness and equipment with explanations (optional). The designed atlas has five chapters: «Ukraine in advance of the Holocaust», «Escalation of the Holocaust in Ukraine», «Mass extermination of Jews», «The final solution to the Jewish question» and «Aftermath of the Holocaust in Ukraine». According to a dramatic conception of the atlas themes, there are used two color models: CMYK (for cartographic elements and symbols on maps) and Grayscale (design of pages and additional material). The atlas project is accompanied by a series of maps, which demonstrates semantic and design features of it.

20-27

Authors: Mikhail Grishchenko, Julia Yermilova

The paper deals with the study of the features of the developed areas and functional zoning of the largest Russian Arctic cities: Apatity, Vorkuta, Murmansk and Norilsk. The main data were images from SPOT-5 satellite (optical spectral range), Landsat 8 satellite (thermal spectral range) and masterplans of the studied cities, which were used for distinguishing the types of development. Images from the SPOT-5 satellite were used to reveal the urban development with its subsequent classification according to the type of use, and the functional zonation was corrected using the combination and generalization of the classes. Consideration of the thermal structure of urban areas in the analysis of their development and functional zoning allows us to identify features of urban space that are not visible in the optical range, important for assessing the city opportuneness for its inhabitants. It is revealed that the considered cities have many common characteristics. Thus, the area of industrial zones of all the cities beyond the Arctic Circle makes up a significant proportion - almost 50% of the territories. All industrial zones gravitate toward the city-forming enterprises, which is especially evident in the example of Norilsk. For most cities, a low proportion of natural and anthropogenic territories is common. In Apatity and Murmansk, this value is much higher than in the more eastern cities of the Polar region, because creation of parks in Vorkuta and Norilsk is difficult due to natural and climatic conditions. In the northern cities abandoned areas are spread, both former residential and industrial, which are especially numerous in Vorkuta. In the studied cities, a mid-rise and multi-storey type of development prevails, and there is practically no private sector with a private household, which is explained by the specific climatic conditions of the region.

35-41

Authors: Nataliya Duk, Irina Sumatokhina

The article is devoted to the geographical analysis of environmental problems and regional targeted environmental programs implemented in Dnipropetrovsk region. Geographical location, natural resources and human potential of the region contribute to the development of large enterprises in the extractive, metallurgical and chemical industries, which relate not only to material and energy-intensive industries, but also to environmentally hazardous facilities. As a result of the analysis, groups of environmental problems in the region were identified. Among them, the main ones are: pollution of the atmosphere and hydrosphere; violation of the natural water and hydrobiological regime of rivers; formation and accumulation of large volumes of industrial and domestic waste; storage of radioactive waste on the territory of the region and urban agglomerations; spread of dangerous exogenous geological processes; protection, use and reproduction of wild fauna and flora and a low level of conservation. These types of environmental problems are inherent in other regions, but in Dnipropetrovsk region they are of a higher level and therefore require special attention. It especially concerns accumulation of huge volumes of industrial wastes, including toxic wastes, as well as the storage of large volumes of radioactive waste on the territory of the Dnieper-Kamyansk agglomeration, which are a threat to the health of millions of people. It has been established that the largest number of nature protection measures is implemented within the framework of the program for eliminating the consequences of territorial flooding, but the largest amounts of funding are provided for under the solid waste management program. In the framework of these programs, nature protection activities are financed mainly from regional funds (48-50%), while other sources account for almost 30%. Environmental protection measures implemented in the region are grouped into five groups: organizational and management; engineering; engineering-geological; bio-meliorative; educational. A series of maps reflecting the severity of environmental problems in the region, the amount of funding and the degree of environmental measures implementation has been created. The study shows that the environmental situation in the region has improved both due to the implementation of regional environmental programs, and reduction of the negative impact on the environment due to a decrease in industrial production. Inadequate financing of environmental measures is exacerbated by the lack of a systematic approach to solving environmental problems of different nature and level.

49-54

Authors: Vladimir Opara, Helen Dombrovska

In Ukraine standard evaluation of land has been carried out already for 20 years. For this fairly long period of time certain approaches to the conduct of these works and the relevant legislative and regulatory base have been formed. In 2018, the Government planned to carry out regulatory assessment of agricultural lands. This process will be conducted simultaneously on all the territory of Ukraine. Normative pecuniary valuation of land belongs to important economic regulators of land relations in Ukraine. It is determined according to the standard of capitalized rent income on land for agricultural purposes and indicators of soils bonitet by drafting scales evaluation of agro-industrial soil groups of natural and agricultural areas. Index of standard capitalized rent income reflects profitability of a business. Unfortunately, to calculate the standard evaluation of land we use bonitet data, which were identified during the Soviet era. Natural agricultural land zoning is the basis for standard evaluation of agricultural lands and the development of the organization’s documents regarding the use and protection of lands. In our opinion, nationwide standard evaluation holding of agricultural lands depends on the existing full, objective and sufficient information about them. An important source of obtaining such information is a conduct of the inventory. Technical documentation for all assessment of lands includes a description of the agricultural zoning nature, agroclimatic conditions, basic characteristics of the soil cover, description of the used materials of soil surveys of the past years and the performed work. The implementation of this process in Ukraine will create favorable conditions for effective development of land valuation indicators that will facilitate the influx of funds to the budget, rational and effective land use, solving socio-economic problems of the rural population.

64-72

Authors: Igor Sharukho

Formulation of the problem. The first attempts to systematically study the features of Belarus toponyms, its toponymic field, date back to the late ХIХ and early ХХ cent. Despite the serious research, there are many gaps in this scientific area. The analysis of the toponymic information layer of cultural landscapes helps to clarify the answers to many questions («Which languages’ speakers participated in the settlement and development of the territory of Belarus?», «What are the settlement vectors?», «How were landscapes developed by various ethnic groups?», etc). Analysis of recent research and publications. The study of the hydronyms of Belarus Lake District was initiated by A. Sapunov (1893) and Yu. Trusman (1897). The problems of the hydronyms interpretation were actively studied in the 1970-1980’s by E. Katonova, V. Zhuchkevich, I. Yashkin. At the same time, all hydronyms were explained mainly as Baltic and Slavic. One of the first to scientifically substantiate the presence of the Finno-Ugric layer in the hydronyms of the Lake District was O. Hedeman (1930, 1934), J. Kondracki (1938), T. Lehr-Spławiński (1946). In 1980-2000-s there appeared works of G. Ryliuk, V. Isaenko, I. Prokopovich, I. Sharukho, R. Ovchinnikova, A. Manakov, confirming rather complicated picture of the hydronyms of the Lake District, on the territory of which pre-Indo-European, Celtic, Scythian, Finno-Ugric, Baltic, mixed Baltic-Finnish, Balto-Slavic hydronyms were found. Formation of the purpose of the article. The aim of the article is to analyze the recorded hydronyms, as an element of the toponymic layer of the informational layer of the cultural landscapes in Polotsk Lake District, their semantics and to establish a connection between hydronyms and ethnoses that took part in the settlement and development of the region. Presentation of the main research material. In the article, based on the published book of I. Sharukho «The Edge of the Century of Europe. The Geographical and Statistical Handbook: Polotsk district. Polotsk. Novopolotsk» (2017). The Handbook fixes 4000 toponyms including 615 hydronyms of the region. Analysis of the toponymic information layer of cultural landscapes can contribute to the reconstruction of the settlement picture in the region from ancient times. Variants of a number of hydronyms origin are considered. It is established that only 27% of all hydronyms are Slavic, conditionally Slavic, the rest are Finno-Ugric (at least half) and Baltic origin. Prefixes, hydronyms formants are analyzed. Examples of hydronyms of different origin are given. The edition of the dictionary of hydronyms of Polotsk district is being prepared. Polotsk district refers to territories with increased density of Finno-Ugric hydronyms. Finno-Ugric tribes came to the border in the III and II millennium BC. The most productive bases of Finno-Ugric hydronyms are: RZH-, BAL-, VOL- / VAL-, VAD-, VEL-, VOR-, VET-, KAB-, KAD-, KL-, LAB- / LAP-, PAL- and others. The subsequent waves of migrants transformed the names that existed, brought their elements into the toponymic field. A large number of hypotheses on the origin of names are explained by the complex picture of the settlements of the territory. Baltic hydronyms are names with basics DR- / RD-, DUN-, ZHUR- and others. Only 20-30% hydronyms are Slavic, or transformed Slavs. On the territory of Belarus, Slavic are 15-20% of hydronyms (according to our data - 27%). Hydronyms with prefixes are about 5%. About 100formants are recorded. The most common formants are: -ets (7.6%), -ino, -ina (5.5%), -itsa, -itsy (8%), -k, -ka, -ki (4.7%), -no, -na, -ne, nia (5.5%), -oje (10.9%), -skoje, -skaja, -skij, -skije (5.2%). Slavic are the formants -ov, -ev, -in, -tsy, -etc, -atc, -its, -itsa, -k, -ki/-ka, -evo, -ova, -ina, -ichi. The Welbars (Gothic) are the prefix of the form on –za and the form -ie. Formant –shchynabelongs to Polotsk-Smolensk krivichis. Conclusions. Polotsk district has very different ages, multilingual beds. Along with the nostratic names, the names of ancient Indo-European, Celtic, Scythian, Gothic, Finno-Ugric, Baltic, Slavic and mixed groups of names were recorded. But most of the names of water objects belong to the Finno-Ugric languages, at least half of them. It is planned to compile a series of formant maps, a separate edition on the hydronymics of the region. A subsequent study of the issues raised in the paper should be coordinated with geographers, historians, archaeologists, linguists.

82-88

Authors: Nataliia Popovych, Vilina Peresadko, Olena Sinna

Issues of social protection of people with disabilities, the state of introduction of such people into society as well as the accessibility of the environment are considered by many researchers. The purpose of the article is to reveal possibilities of using GIS in the study of urban environment accessibility on the case study of Secondary Cities project, implemented in Kharkiv. The main material. One of the main problems that limits mobility of people with special needs is the lack of information on available community resources and services. The most popular way of solving this problem is to develop separate maps of accessibility and geographic information systems for vulnerable populations. Secondary Cities project deals with the detailed study of the city infrastructure in terms of its accessibility to vulnerable population. At the preparatory stage, 2 series of workshops were conducted for the participants. Implementation of the project in Kharkiv can be divided into several stages: collection of geospatial data and their initial analysis; development of cartographic products, mobile applications and recommendations for improving accessibility of the urban environment. Data collection is currently ongoing, which is mainly performed with the help of Survey 123 mobile application. According to the project goal, data have been collected for three general feature categories: «Mobility», «Community Resources and Services», «Public Safety». All the objects, by the level of accessibility, were divided into 3 classes: accessible, limited access, not accessible. In particular, among 419 public establishments of the city center 42% are accessible, 31% have limited accessibility and 27% are not accessible at all. It can be assumed that accessibility of facilities in remote areas of the city is even lower. Conclusions. The most accessible way to receive operative information on the statics and dynamics of social infrastructure for vulnerable population is the use of geoinformation systems. Projects like Secondary Cities should be implemented in other settlements of Ukraine.

3-7

Authors: Rostyslav Sossa

On the example of the exhibition «Cartographic Exhibitions of Lviv» which presented plans, maps, atlases from the XVII century till present, the importance of such exhibitions for the study of the history of cartography and Ukraine’s territory mapping development is highlighted. Total of 55 plans, maps and atlases published from XVII century till today from Vasyl Stefanyk Lviv Ukrainian National Science Library collections, Ukrainian Central State Historical Archive (Lviv), State Science-Production Enterprise «Kartographia» and private collections were shown. Following maps in historical term, it is possible to trace the ground imaging development, the ways to create maps and to improve methods on the background of the global science, technique and technology development. One may explore the map production establishment, activity of people connected to maps and atlases creation. Short description of Lviv main cartographic works is given in this article. It has been shown that mapping in Lviv is inseparable from the history of society development: changes in the political map, mapping and surveying services depending on the countries Lviv was included in during its history. First known city plans are dated from XVII century, when Lviv was a part of Poland. 1772-1918 – is an Austrian city development period. The Austrian military topography service rightfully belonged to one of the best in Europe at that time. Austrian cartographic achievements of that period represent the golden fund of Galicia mapping. Exhibits reflect the chronological mapping of the city during the Polish interwar period of 1918-1939 yr., in times of the German occupation, Soviet period (1939-19 41, 1944-1991 yr.) and in the period of Ukraine’s independence. Cartographic exhibitions allow to see the original works of the past, a the same time they are an effective tool to study the history of cartography.

14-17

Authors: Natalia Bubyr, Maryna Naidovska

The article substantiates the significance of green areas geoportals’ creation for city (town) that will serve as a tool to order and systematize the information on quantitative, qualitative and other indicators of green spaces, including the volume, nature and mode of their use, as well as being the source of this information visualization by the Internet. It is noted that in the Ukrainian cities (towns), local governments monitor green areas by accounting and updating the register of plants by species composition and age. All kinds of planting should be included into the register: trees, shrubs, herbs, flower beds, lawns, etc. However, much of this reporting information is presented only by tabular data without accompanying cartographic visualization. As there is no single source of all available systematized information about the green areas of the city (town) with the corresponding cartographic visualization, it is difficult to systematize the recording of existing green spaces, to clearly delineate their boundaries, to monitor their condition, etc. To facilitate the solution to these issues we need to create a geoportal of green areas of the city (town) as a public source, containing a cartographic image of the corresponding green zone and correlated text, table, photographic and other information. On these bases, on Google’s service, we have developed a geoportal of green areas for Sumy town, intended for public use. The content of the portal is presented by the layers: parks and squares (allotted 14 zones), green areas (6), Natural reserve objects that are green zones - botanical gardens, parks-monuments (3), urban forests (2), boulevards (2), tracts (1). Functional capabilities of the geoportal include activating and deactivating visibility of thematic layers, outputting textual and photographic information about the greenery, represented in the geoportal, scaling, measuring the areas and distances, the mode of viewing the streets, laying the routes. It is also important that users can leave comments and suggestions to local authority about the current state of green areas and beautification of the city (town). It is indicated that creation of the city’s (town’s) green zone geoportal will improve the accounting and registration of green areas of the city (town) and their cartographic visualization. Promising in this study is the creation of a specialized geoportal of city’s green areas for official use only.

22-27

Authors: Irina Drogushevska

Decommunization is a system of measures, theoretical and practical activities aimed at the liberation from the influence and impact of Communist ideology in all spheres of life after the fall of the ruling Communist regimes. In April 2015, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted 4 laws on decommunization. During the six-month period public authorities and local self-government had to hold public hearings and submit proposals on the renaming of place names containing symbols of the Communist regime to the Verkhovna Rada. Ukraine is not the first country that has condemned the Communist totalitarian regime, and its legacy. The Communist regime has been condemned in many former socialist countries – Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland. The situation in which Ukraine finds itself today, has defined new conditions for social development. As the toponymic is a specific instrument to assert the state sovereignty and national identity of the population, the country faces an important choice. It is the introduction of Ukrainian toponymic in its territories and return of the historical names to geographical objects. Several principles have made the basis for de-communization concept. The main among them are: scientific, comprehensive, system, the combination of national and regional approaches, publicity. The hottest controversy was centred around renaming of the regional centres – cities of Dnipropetrovsk and Kirovograd. In general, more than 900 settlements have been renamed in Ukraine during the year. As a result of de-communization there were renamed: 858 (92%) villages, 48 towns (5%) and 31 cities (3% of all renamed localities). The main findings are the following: 1. The de-communization of Ukrainian place names is a necessary step towards the restoration of national justice, an integral part of the toponymic heritage return. 2. The process of de-communization, which began in the Western regions after 1991, took place on the whole territory of Ukraine. 3. New geographical names do not contain the political context and mainly relate to the historical realities or geographic features of the objects. 4. About 60 toponyms-russisms require renaming and restoration of historical names. For example, the town of Pervomaisk of Mykolaiv region was formed through the merger of three settlements – towns of Bogomil and Olviopol and the village of Golta, and in 1919 was named Pervomaisk, which is not original. According to the author, it would be advisable to return the settlement one of its historical names.

34-37

Authors: Vladislav Malyshev, Irina Zhemerova

The article deals with methodological basis for the organization and carrying out of field work in the aerospace polygon to collect spectral and ground-based metadata. The methods for gathering phytometric data at the experimental sites and with the route studies of spectral and phytometric characteristics of vegetation have been presented. The work was carried out on the test area of the Kursk aerospace polygon in 2015-2016. The methodology developed on the test area is used at other polygons while collecting ground-based metadata when performing spectrometric research of Earth covers. Collection of the phytometric data and other subject-specific characteristics of the research object, aims to accurately describe the state of the object and the conditions of the shooting. Subject-specific characteristics include: geographical features of the object, the coordinates, description of land cover, climate, weather conditions at the time of shooting. Areas with different vegetation types are allocated at the landfill site. The research routes are arranged to cover the maximum diversity of plant communities. Experimental platforms, on which phytometric measurements take place and samples are collected, are located along the lines of the planned routes. Flight spectral shooting and the route ground-based measurements are taken on the same routes. The information obtained at points and on the routes is processed in laboratory conditions. Metadata in digital form are stored in a database in a specific format. The article proposes an original approach to the creation of a database of spectral and object-specific properties of objects on the Earth’s surface. The storage structure of the spectral and subject-specific geosystems’ characteristics in the database has been highlighted.

43-46

Authors: Mariia Onyshchenko

The questions of quality presentations to the scientific lectures are very important and modern. Сomputer presentations help to clearly give the necessary information, to enrich the text, to focus on the essentials. An effect of the performance on the audience is the most important thing in the presentation. The scientific presentation must be logically constructed, consistent, concise and vivid. There is the main rule for successful presentations: to tell the truth as a story with slides (pictures). Creating a presentation requires serious intellectual work and preparation that contains the following steps: 1) to estimate the audience and purpose; 2) to reflect a structure and content; 3) to develop a plan; 4) to write the text and prepare the slides; 5) to rehearse the performance. Slides should supplement or summarize the contents of the speech or its parts, but not duplicate it. Effective use of slides helps us understand that they have the maximum impact on the audience. It should also follow the rules of creating slides. Content of slides must comply with the performance. Information in slides should be presented logically, evenly and dosed. Basic facts and ideas are given in the final part. Students or young scientists should consider the design of the presentation as balanced, contrasting and relevant. Following the laws of composition, color, ergonomics is the required condition to accomplish this task. The presentation is not only the slides, it is the combination of many elements, the foremost of which is the speaker. Any presentation must conform to basic principles of psychology.

50-54

Authors: Hanna Pasichnyk, Viktoriia Mashkina

The article covers features of the geographical location, natural conditions, technogenic and architectural planning features of the territories of Kharkiv city, which form a unique microclimate. The high-pressure zone crosses the area of the city, which is reflected in the anti-cyclonic activity. The big city increases the air temperature. This is facilitated by the work of transport, as well as thermal emissions from industrial enterprises, significant heating of buildings and asphalt covering. The city’s climate is formed as a result of the interaction of large-scale atmospheric processes and the underlying surface. The repeatability dynamics of dangerous weather events in Kharkiv for 2006 - 2010 was analyzed, the total number and frequency of precipitation was 707 cases. The intensity of the rain according to the general indicators is maximal in May and minimal in February and January. This indicates the softness of the climate during the five-year period under research and the activity of the warm fronts in the winter. Taking into account the characteristics of the area, as well as the interaction of the air mass with the underlying surface of the city, it can be argued that the manifestation of the internal massive thermal thunderstorms is clearly expressed in Kharkiv. During the study of the number of fog events in Kharkiv it was established that this atmospheric event and the number of its cases are closely linked with industry, gas pollution and large buildings of the city. The highest repetition intensity of heavy snowfalls was found in the winter and in early March, due to the manifestation of the cyclone. In the next five years of 2011-2015, it was found that the number of atmospheric events differed from the previous period. We observe a significant decrease in rain frequency in winter, due to the fact that during this period anticyclones were active on the territory of Kharkiv and the cold fronts with cold and severe winters prevailed. The repeatability of the rain has increased in the spring and summer. Due to this factor also increased the number of thunderstorms. In winter, there is also a significant increase in the frequency of foggy days, due to the fact that the cold air dominated in the city, and the underlying surface was warmer, the city developed a network of heating, a large number of highways and industrial enterprises. Formation of the ice-crusted ground in 2011-2015 led to significant changes in the frequency of cases occurring in December and January. The number of blizzards has doubled. The repeatability dynamics of dangerous weather events in Kharkiv city for 2006-2015 has been analyzed and it has been established that during the studied period most of them were heavy rains, thunderstorms and fogs. Changes of the air temperature are characterized by unevenness, which also influenced the formation of dangerous weather events. The Icelandic minimum is a major factor influencing the manifestation of heavy rains in the summer, and heavy snowfalls in the winter, and fogs throughout the year. The Siberian maximum was clearly manifested in the winter, which formed a frosty and sunny weather with low temperatures. But alternation with cyclones led more and more to the formation of ice-crusted ground. The study of the repeated dangerous weather events has a scientific interest for the research of the climate of Kharkiv, as well as for construction climatology and for practical gardening consideration in the city.

61-66

Authors: Svitlana Reshetchenko, Mikhail Hrystosov

The article presents the results of rainfall, hail, precipitation and fogs’ frequency study in Kharkiv region during the period 2001-2014 by means of statistical analysis. The calculations were carried out on the basis of monthly rainfall data at the meteorological stations of the region (Lozova, Kharkiv, Zolochiv, Kupyansk, Izyum, Krasnograd, Bogodukhiv, Velykyi Burluk, Slobozhanske, Kolomak) for the period 1961-2014, the number and duration of fogs. The conditions of their formation, distribution and development on the territory of Kharkiv region characterizing the annual and seasonal changes have been determined. All types of atmospheric precipitation are observed on the investigated area, namely long-term deposits prevailing throughout the year (liquid (103%) and solid (68%), amongst streams - liquid (121%). Long-term precipites are characteristic of the autumn period, when atmospheric phenomena are formed. Fogs, mist, storms, thunderstorms and lightnings are observed in the spring and summer (30% and 74% respectively). In the winter, it is possible to observe the same probability that liquid and snow, ice cover (24% and 20% respectively) mix , frosts (46%). Most often, (35%) of showers happen within one day, 30% of cases occur for 2 and 3-5 days. Sometimes they are observed for several days. There is a great variety of heavy rains on the territory of Kharkiv region, where you can expect 3-5 days with showers for a year. As a rule, the rains can be accompanied by hail and thunderstorms. The hail is a more rare phenomenon than a thunderstorm, it falls predominantly during the warmer years of the powerful cumulonimbus clouds with a strong upright movement. Hail is formed in the conditions of a large variety of synoptic processes. In 53% of cases, hail is associated with cold fronts, and 47% - correspond to the internal processes of the mass. Hailstones with a diameter of 20 mm and more cause significant damage to the economy, It has been established that over the past fifteen years there has been an increasing tendency in the number of rains, showers and hail of varying intensity on the territory of Kharkiv region. The largest number of fogs was recorded in the north of the oblast (Kharkiv, Zolochiv and Bogodukhiv). Most fogs are observed in the autumn-winter period and make up more than 60 days a year.

71-74

Authors: Viktoria Salimon, Sergey Salimon

The article describes the use of cinematic materials, especially materials from feature films as one of the best means to assimilate the information on the lessons with suggestopedic educational technology. Scientific research of this method including on geography essons, have been analyzed. Modern pupils study, learn and grow under the influence of communication technologies, so they require a rapid response and adaptation to modern conditions, as well as other interests, a special motivation in training. Feature films, like nothing else, captivates the modern youth, so there is an opportunity to use the screen art for educational purposes and effect of the suggestopedic influence allows pupils to perceive a large amount of information. The use of cinematic materials with suggestopedic educational technology on geography lessons belongs to audiovisual learning tools, giving the opportunity to acquire different modern motivating knowledge. After analyzing suggestive teaching methods, the results of these methods application have been presented, the essence of cinematic materials use as audiovisual learning tools, especially materials from feature films, on suggestopedic lessons and feasibility of their use in the educational process have been described. The authors propose to focus on artistic learning tools or means of art, as a special type of vacated (released) stimulating didactical art, that reveals the spare capacity in education and improves memorization and understanding of the studied material when using cinematic materials on geography lessons with suggestopedic educational technology. Methodical recommendations for the suggestopedic lesson using cinematic materials for the topic «Major relief forms of dry land of the Earth. Mountains» in the general geographic course have been suggested.

79-82

Authors: Nataliya Yarema, Yuliya Holubinka, Oleksandra Yastrebkova

This paper describes the system of future specialists-cartographers education in Lviv polytechnic national university. Main targets of the department of cartography and geospatial modelling are listed. Key research areas of the department, the educational specifics of students at «Bachelor» and «Master‘s» levels are described. At present, the main task of the department is to train specialists with good knowledge of cartographic investigation method, GIS technologies, because digital cartography, web-mapping, web-portal are things of the future. Cartography specialists must know how to create traditional maps (topographic, thematic, tourist) using computer technologies and electronic maps that can be used in the creation of GIS systems, informational resources in navigation, military affairs and so on. The main scientific direction of the department is general geographic and thematic mapping, GIS mapping and development of GIS, history of the cartography, mathematic modelling in geodesy, astronomy and geophysics. The department trains bachelors on specialty 103 «Earth sciences», specialization 103.02 «Cartography». The feature of master’s education is maximum approach to education content for future employment. Master degree students are improving their professional knowledge and skills received during their study for the bachelor’s degree. They are deeply studying modern methods of cartographic digital terrain models with GIS technologies, combining their work with development of cartographic databases. They get acquainted with the principles of base sets of geospatial data, conduct thematic evaluation and forecast maps, using GIS. The students also study methods and order of design, edition, and maps development in detail. Modern mapping needs to be more efficient in the use of both natural and human resources, reflect a complex system man - society - environment. Such problem can be solved using various modeling techniques with the construction of multi-universal system of cartographic models. All conditions for education of specialists, corresponding to production requirements, are created at the institute of geodesy. The department also has a postgraduate course on specialty 103 «Earth sciences» and 193 «Geodesy and land management». Specialists on the specialty «Cartography» have an opportunity to be employed in companies of State service of geodesy cartography and land management, in DNVP «Cartography», Ukrmorkartohrafiya, National space agency, at scientific and design institutes, that are developing maps, GIS for enterprises, institutions and organizations of different ownership, including the structure of tourist and recreational areas.

3-7

Authors: Olena Sinna, Vilina Peresadko, Oksana Bodnia, Oleksandra Volkovaia, Vladyslav Popov, Oleksandr Tretyakov

The article represents the experience of organizing the international conference “GIS-forum”, which is annually held at V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. The main purpose of GIS-forum in 2012-2017 was to establish a constructive dialogue between distributors of software, geodata and GIS-services, providers of the equipment used in the GIS-industry, potential consumers of products, scientists, academicians who work in the field of GIS technologies, and future GIS specialists. The format of GIS-forum includes different types of events (reports, equipment exhibition, master classes, seminars, round tables, student projects contest) which gives the opportunities to different specialists in geoinformatics, remote sensing, geodesy and related industries to present their interests, to discuss current state and prospects of geoinformatics development in Ukraine and the world, to assess the state of geoinformation services market, as well as the need for specialists and the requirements for their training. An important aspect of the forum is the possibility to participate both full-time, and in a remote form, which is provided by webinar broadcasting. This makes it possible to significantly expand geography of the participants. The forum was attended by representatives from the USA, Spain, Portugal, Slovakia, Estonia, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, and of course - from different cities of Ukraine (in different years), which took part in the forum either in full-time or a distance form. The key modern principles of GIS-forum organization are: integration of education, science and production in GIS-industry for the solution of common problems; democratic and flexible financial policies of the event; modernity, innovation, interdisciplinarity; teamwork to achieve goals. The expediency and success of such events are determined by the ever-growing need for training highly qualified GIS specialists, in which all participants in the process (universities, scientists, businessmen) are interested, and which should be effective and relevant, considering the dynamic development of the industry. The presented trends of changing the subject, the contingent of participants, the types of events at the GIS forums in different years illustrate the changes that take place in the GIS-business and labor market in Ukraine, and accordingly - enable us to understand what changes should be introduced into the training of specialists by higher education institutions. The next GIS-forum will be held on February 21-23, 2018. All news and details of the event are published on the website of the event http://gis-forum.org.ua.

12-15

Authors: Elena Galai

The structure of academic course «Natural resource cadastres of Belarus» for the students majoring in «Geoecology» at Geography faculty of Belarussian State University is considered in the article. The study is aimed at creation and development of academic, socio-professional and practical-oriented competence to solve the problems in the sphere of environmental protection and rational nature use. The students get knowledge about the components of natural resource cadastres: their quantity record and assessment according to the quality, economic estimation, state registration of nature users. They study law basis of cadastre control, first of all, the Statute on procedure of cadastre conducting. The significance of natural resource cadastres for rational distribution and specialization of economic objects as well as for the rational use and resource protection is considered in the course. The students study the structure of each set of nature resource cadastres. One of them is represented by the cadastre book, another – by three books (state water cadastre: the cadastre of surface waters, of underground waters, of water resource usage). Others include seven cadastre books (for example, state cadastre of the plant world). The students get acquainted with geographical and ecological information. It allows them to analyse spatiotemporal changes of quantity and quality indexes, characterising definite types of natural resources. State cadastres of open air and waste products are different from other types. The cadastre of open air includes an information code about the quantity and quality content of pollutant emissions in the atmosphere. The data about the quantity and quality of waste characteristic and the information about waste usage, storage and utilisation are presented in the waste cadastre. Lectures go with practical classes and individual work, aimed at the formation of practice-oriented student competence.

20-23

Authors: Lyudmila Datsenko

The article considers the necessity to make changes in the university curriculum in accordance with the requirements of today. Modern cartography is integrated with GIS and remote sensing and in this context we see the prospect of training experts at universities. GIS education has some specific features that distinguish it from other types of training such as the interdisciplinary nature, a wide range of highly informative software applications, a combination of geographical and engineering knowledge. GIS specialists must have system knowledge and skills in the design, operation and development in this field. Only intensive use of mapping, GIS, geodetic, and photogrammetric knowledge and methods in scientific research and their effective use in the practice of modern production allow the international community to achieve high results. The main directions of educational programs at the Department of Geodesy and Cartography are preservation and further development of the rich heritage of scientific and pedagogical achievements of higher cartographical education in Ukraine; the study and involvement in the educational process of the best achievements of foreign higher education; preparation and updating of scientific and methodological support of educational process; modernization of material and technical basis for the learning process and field training practices; involvement of new professional teaching staff; training of the faculty staff. The demand on mapping courses and related workshops at the Department of Geodesy and Cartography Geography Department is determined by certain factors: the growth of interdisciplinary research involving extensive mapping component; growing of demand for mapping and GIS products from scientific, practical, commercial, and educational institutions; the need to increase productivity in the field of cartography, geoinformatics and adjacent to their fields of study and practice; issues of general improvement of geo-mapping education.

28-31

Authors: Aleksandr Dontsov

The article states that due to the active development of tourism in Ukraine training in this area by European standards, principles and criteria becomes particularly relevant. The reform of Higher Education defines training of qualitatively new specialists, highly qualified professionals with a creative type of thinking, culture and citizenship as a priority. The author focuses on reviewing and analyzing aspects of methodological support regarding the combination of individual and collective forms of organization and training sessions, as well as balance of theory and practice. It is noted that at the initial stages of mastering new material is dominated by individual forms of work. This is explained by the need to make psychological and mental effort, to focus the students on study. Using a technique based on independent creative search activity, logical thinking, the construction of certain associations, identifying causal relationships develops the best cognitive activity of students. At the later stage collective learning is more effective for the active search of new knowledge after we consolidate the learned material. At this stage the knowledge of primary factual material of a given subject is not so important as the development of thinking, the ability to formulate and suggest a hypothesis to seek evidence for its solution and thus acquire new knowledge. The necessity to develop teaching methods for the course curriculum is based on innovations in organizing training sessions and is conducted in interactive forms. It has been found out that combination of individual and collective learning promotes the development of students’ personality, creative abilities, skills, readiness for active life position. A number of priority measures that influence the efficiency of educational process, quality training of future specialists for tourism industry have been analyzed.

36-40

Authors: Halina Lisicharova, Tetiana Nikolaieva

The article deals with the interconnection between the decommunization process and the training of the Geography students personnel. Four laws come into effect in Ukraine. They have to eradicate communistic heritage and the society ideologization. This process has touched upon the issue of Geographical names. 926 settlements in Ukraine were renamed in 2016. The aim of the article is to elicit the particular features of the decommunization process of the oikonyms (the names of any inhabited places) as well as to account the process itself as theoretical requisite to the informatization of the modern geographical education. The authors have tried to systematize the renamed settlements according to the semantic approach. New names have been distributed in 17 nominations. A lot of different variations in the nominations were represented in the renaming of the polysonyms (the names of cities) in Dnipropetrovs’k, Donetsk, Lugans’k, Kharkiv and Kherson regions, homonyms (the names of villages) in Dnipropetrovs’k, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhya, Kharkiv regions. The integral rate was calculated by the authors to estimate the variety of the nominated categories of the renamed settlements in Ukrainian regions as well as to conduct the spatial analysis of the decommunization process of the oikonyms. Two subject maps are the result of the research. The destination of these maps is to help geography students to understand the tendency process of decommunization which has to do with the names of the settlements. The statistic and cartography data base can be useful in studying the geographical courses in practice as well as in the independent student work. The materials of the article can be used in the educational process of secondary schools.

45-49

Authors: Nataliia Popovych

The paper aims to study the methods of map series production for a local social-economic development strategy. It has been noted that it is advisable to coordinate the maps subject with the main goals set in the strategy. The author gives the recommendations to choose the means of cartographic representation and geographical basis, in particular. Since maps presented in this strategies may be used by different groups of people (managers, scientists, average citizens), developing the geographical basis, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of maximum completeness. The layout of map series should be carried out considering classical recommendations. The means of cartographic representation for local social-economic development strategies are significantly different from those for supranational, national, regional and municipal strategies. For local strategies maps it is appropriate to choose methods of cartographic symbols, line symbols, isolines, localized diagrams, areas and vectors. Special symbols and map design system elaboration considering global trends such as use of bright colors, visual, pictorial representation have been highlighted. Given that development strategies are often used by non-specialists in the field of cartography, it is extremely important that the developed symbols correspond to the principles of expressiveness and artistry. The author presents the structure, directions of use and sample of cartographic works of map series for «Pesochin Social-Economic Development Strategy for 2017-2020», created at the Department of Physical Geography and Cartography of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University in accordance with the given recommendations. The map series includes the following maps: «Geographical position», «Budget-forming sectors», «Medical services», «Accessibility of educational services», «Tourist recreational potential», «Transport network», «Residential functional planning zones», «Development prospects». To control the pace of implementation of the tasks set in the strategy, it is recommended to use cartographic monitoring.

54-59

Authors: Kateryna Sehida

The most reasonable and prudent method to consider the region’s population as a regional geodemographic system and its features lies in its inseparable connection with the general process of regional soсiogeosystem’s development that takes into account many factors including regional development, which influence the geodemographic processes in the region. Geodemographic system is treated as a functional component in soсigeosystem at the heart of social and geographical concepts. Geodemographic system of the region is based on five methodological approaches: geographical, systemic, synergistic, historical and informational. The authors elucidate methodological features of geodemographic study of the region from the perspective of human geography. These methodological approaches to study basic techniques and application features are disclosed in the content. Among the scientific methods we consider probabilistic and statistical methods, methods of organizing, summarizing, comparing, system analysis, modeling. Among specific methods are mapping method, IFV modeling, development trajectory modeling, component analysis of the initial vector, other methods of multivariate analysis and GIS technology. The special research methods of geodemographic system include a system of techniques to study the characteristics of population distribution in the territory, and a number of demographic and geodemographic methods and techniques to establish the demographic characteristics of the territories. The geodemographic software research system of the region is presented; the list of statistical indicators for information database is mentioned. The demographic index groups to characterize the system, including vital factors of speed, intensity of demographic processes, reproduction and structural factors are defined. The key demographic factors and coefficients are presented both in absolute,and relative units. Database features to implement social and geographical concepts of geodemographic system of Kharkiv region considering the settlement structure of the region have been established.

65-68

Authors: Sergey Sukhinin

The concept of geographical education is the main document regulating the structure and content of the subject study. The new Concept of geographical education in the Russian Federation was developed in 2016 by the Russian Geographical Society in conjunction with the Ministry of science and education of the Russian Federation. It was submitted for the discussion of the pedagogical and scientific community and adopted at the second All-Russian Congress of geography teachers 2-3 November, 2016 in M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. A new Concept of geographical education in the Russian Federation was adopted at the end of 2016. It contains the main principles, priorities, goals, objectives and main directions of geographical education development in school and in extracurricular activities; defines the mechanisms, tools, resources, and expected implementation results. There are significant contradictions and problems of implementation of the Concept, putting some purpose into the category of impossible. This requires coordination and adjustment of the Concept’s provisions with the realities of educational activities at school and at the university. At the same time, in the Concept there are significant differences that put some of its goals in the category of impossible. Their main reason is the inconsistency of some provisions of the concept with a real educational process. In this regard, there is the problem of matching and adjustment of the Concept’s provisions, bringing them into conformity with other normative documents in the field of education and real teaching activities at school and at the University.

73-77

Authors: Boris Shulika

The article analyses the constructive and geographical approach to solve the problem of distribution and commercial cultivation of grapes in the North-Eastern forest-steppe region of Ukraine. This approach forms an important basis of the theory and practice of cultivation areas proliferation of atypical for the steppe zone finicky heat-loving crops, in particular grapes. The special features of natural conditions of the region have been highlighted. Based on years of meteorological and phenological observations there has been proved the possibility to practically develop viticulture in these conditions. It has been found that agrometeorological conditions directly affect the growing season and grapes’ quality. For the first time it has been shown the influence of weather types and climate characteristics of the weather of the forest-steppe region on the individual phases of grapes development. During the study, there have been maintained connections with the professional growers in the East of Ukraine (Kharkiv, Poltava, Sumy region) that have lasted for more than 10 years. The importance of long-term observations of the influence of agrometeorological conditions of the region allows to obtain data used to improve vegetation and quality parameters of grapes. The author has applied new approaches to the phases of grapes development and the distribution of temperature conditions for each phase particularly. The active temperatures sums for each phase of grapes development has been studied as well as the regulation of heat by phases. The algorithm to determine grapes yield in the North-Eastern forest-steppe region of Ukraine has been suggested. There have been developed predictive variations recommendations for the successful development of viticulture.

3-7

Authors: Olena Agapova

The worldwide spread of alternative energy mapping practice is used to more effective solution to the tasks on planning and development of alternative energy industry. This publication is dedicated to elaboration of the concept for alternative energy mapping support in Ukraine, which would be based on the experience of advanced world countries, and at the same time would take into account national conditions and features – the resource base structure, economic and social conditions, the strategic priorities of the Ukrainian energy sector, etc. The mapping concept development for the needs of alternative energy in Ukraine should take into account the following principles: systematization, comprehensiveness, integration, consistency, completeness and coverage of all aspects of the alternative energy sources using, opening up the cartographic information for the general public via the Internet. Implementation of the concept involves the creation of a regional cartographic products system for the needs of alternative energy including maps of various functions (inventory, evaluation, recommendation, forecast). The cartographic system includes separate maps and a series of maps, which further can be combined into regional or industry atlases, geographic information systems and cartographic Internet services. The article presents a list of maps for alternative energy in Ukraine and the algorithm of their compilation. The regional cartographic products system comprises a series of alternative energy resources maps (wind, solar, small hydro, biomass and geothermal energy); map series of natural, social, economic, technical and environmental conditions and factors that affect the placement of objects belonging to different branches of alternative energy; a series of maps showing the level of alternative energy development in Ukraine, including an inventory of existing in Ukraine thermal and power plants that use alternative energy sources, as well as enterprises for the production of alternative fuels. In addition, the cartographic system includes a recommendation and forecast maps showing perspective regions of alternative energy industries development and projected production of energy from alternative sources.

13-16

Authors: Mikhail Burla

The article discusses the features of the educational practices with the students enrolled in the direction of «geography» of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The problems are associated with the organization and conduct of practices at the present stage, among which are: regulatory constraints (lack of passports, travel documents for vehicles), financial constraints, military and political processes, the financial and currency crisis of 2015 in Transnistria, no final international political and legal status of Transnistria, and others. The measures to address the identified problems: timely execution of foreign passports, finding sponsors willing to finance part of the costs related to the practices; increase in the share of self-financing; conclusion of agreements with foreign universities on exchange of students, trainees; utilization of charitable funds and grants; inclusion of the Transnistrian University in an international program of the European Union on the interuniversity interaction «ERASMUS»; the use of the potential for the study programs of the European Union countries (e. g, programs, short-term accommodation of foreign students in families).

21-25

Authors: Elena Galai

The continuity of different internships at Belarussian State University, Geographical department, Geoecological specialisation is observed in the article. The students do field training (topographical, meteorological, geomorphological, hydrological, etc.) during the 1st and 2nd years at the geographical station «Zapadnaya Berezina» in Volozhinsk district, Minsk region. They examine not only separate natural constituents, but also natural complexes. During the landscape-ecological field training the students estimate human impact and relative stability of the landscape on the natural boundary. Environmental technologic training is various: students master and independently apply the techniques of complex geoecological research of local natural economic geosystems, study geoecological basis of technological processes of manufacturing, determine important ecological aspects of enterprise activities. Pollutant emission into the open air is one of the most important ecological aspects. Students take into account a danger factor of an enterprise, examine emission sources and analyze their temporary variations. When students analyze sewage, they pay attention to substance release, its physicochemical composition and sewage works. Students also deal with different kinds of waste products and their volume, their recycling. Air, water, waste, etc. statistic report forms are given to the students for defining the impact of enterprises on the environment. The importance of school practice is underlined in the article. Moreover, the graduates of the department work at schools, lyceums, colleges, universities. Externship is also discussed in the article as it is aimed at creation of professional competence. The students do an internship in the committees and inspections of the Ministry of natural resources and environment protection, national parks and wildlife reserves, scientific research laboratories of «Landscape ecology», «Limnology», Institute of natural resources management, etc. at Belarusian State University. The variation of internships is discussed in the article. It is dedicated to the geoecological evaluation of some natural resources (aquatic, land, etc.) and the state of environment in some administrative districts and physiographic regions, the quality of urban environment, and also to the geoecological estimation of tourism development within different administrative units. Conclusion. Thus, a well-represented continuity of different internships at Geographical department of Belarusian State University is an important element of highly-qualified specialist training in the field of the environment and rational management of natural resources. Different types of trainings help to form academic and professional competence of future specialists.

30-33

Authors: Konstantin Dobynda

The article discusses the basic steps and approaches to market research of the region’s open economic system during the practice on the geography of foreign economic ties. Students pass pre-diploma practice on geography of foreign economic activity in customs bodies, the Ministry of Economic Development, in the Chamber of Commerce, Union of entrepreneurs, industrialists and agrarians of Transnistria. The analysis of potential markets for products aimed at a comprehensive study of the processes developing in commodity treatment, factors determining the economic relations between producers and consumers of goods that form the supply and demand. A variety of methods have been used for market research: “cabinet” of research, direct market research, the method of trial sales, development and maintenance of personal contacts with the representatives of contractor companies, widely used reference and printed periodicals.

38-42

Authors: Zhemerova Irina, Vladislav Malyshev

To organize the aerospace polygon it is necessary to conduct a large number of measurement and descriptive works. First and foremost is working with the fund and cartographic material. The map of the landfill shows the most important objects and phenomena: quarries, sinkholes, deep ravines, industrial, residential and protected areas. Organization of the aerospace polygon operation involves large labour costs. To train professionals on the ground research of the earth’s cover remote sensing, we have organized a permanent student expedition. Prior to the start of work, students listen to a series of introductory lectures on remote sensing, principles of ground work, methods of statistical evaluation, basic methods of data collection and processing. This article covers one direction of work - collecting and processing of phytometric data of crops and steppe vegetation in the Streletskaya steppe in the Central Chernozem nature reserve. The work is carried out on the test area of Kursk aerospace polygon, organized on the basis of Kursk biospheric station of the Institute of Geography RAS. A generally accepted method of test platforms is used on the routes. The results of measurements and observations are recorded in a field book. Species diversity, plant height, projective cover and crops density are determined on the sample area by the instrumental and visual methods. The rest phytometric indexes are calculated in laboratory conditions. The students can use the resulting material when writing articles, course and degree works. At the site, students acquire skills of working in field conditions with natural objects, collecting and processing of information by various methods, expanding understanding of the need and importance of the earth surface study by remote sensing methods.

48-52

Authors: Yuri Kobchenko, Oleg Kobchenko, Vyacheslav Rezunenko

The state of the atmosphere with a long period without rain, associated with high temperatures, low humidity, high winds is a characteristic feature of the temperate climate, which creates unfavourable conditions for various spheres of human activity. Atmospheric and soil drought, hot dry winds, dust storms cause damage to agriculture, energy, transport and other sectors of the economy, as well as population. The drought phenomenon analysis of the space-time structure in Kharkiv region and definition of dry type distribution of eather complex are examined. Having analyzed the statistical data of hydro-meteorological conditions in Kharkiv region in 1975-2014 years, it has been shown that the longest of the drought types of weather complex are observed every three years, catastrophic types are observed every 10 years. The temporal distribution of the drought weather complex types and placement of hierarchical levels has been studied with methods of mathematical statistics and, in particular, cluster analysis. Using cluster analysis, the objects were placed on hierarchical levels with three groups of clusters, separated in groups of years, which corresponds to most types of dry weather complex. Analysis of aridity categories distribution in Kharkiv region has showed that the average frequency of weak drought phenomenon occurrence is 40-45%, middle 30%, intense 15%, very intense 10%. The analysis method of the arid phenomena space-time structure unifies meteorological characteristics of these years and can be used to perform specific tasks in various industries.

57-61

Authors: Anatoliy Кornus, Olesya Кornus, Volodimir Shyschuk

The high level of morbidity in Ukraine and Sumy region has necessitated the creation of a series of medical-geographic maps and atlases, reflecting distribution and dynamics of diseases, their relationship with the natural, socio-economic, environmental conditions. Implementation of nosological-geographical analysis at a present-day scientific level is impossible without the use of cartographic method of research, without creation of health maps and meaningful interpretation of them. Application of cartographical method increases the complexity and accuracy of the territorial nosological-geographical analysis; the role of this method is shown by mapping two different factors of their occurrence in nosological classes: diseases of the usculoskeletal system and neoplasms. Cartographic method allows to show the structure of the musculoskeletal system diseases, among which are the most common arthritis, arthritis, and dorsopathies, spondylopathies. Osteoarthritis most often occurs in residents of Lypova Dolyna (4411.76), Putyvl’ (3783.19), Romny (3521.83) and Hlukhiv (3401.510 cases per 100 thousand residents) districts. As the results of cartographic modeling in Sumy region there is a high incidence of both benign and malignant tumors; the prevalence of the latter in 2014 reached a rate of 416.5 cases per 100 thousand residents. The use of cartographic method has made it possible not only to clearly describe the situation in a given area, but also through a series of medical-geographic maps to identify the chorologic features of diseases incidence and prevalence in the population of these administrative districts.

67-73

Authors: Vladislav Malyshev, Irina Zhemerova, Boris Fomin

The definition and systematization of dynamical changes and temporal variants of geosystems, comparative analysis and typological classification of geosystems based on the nature and totality of their conditions present one of the central problems in landscapes dynamics and the most important aspect of dynamic modelling problem. Currently, spectral characteristics of geosystems obtained by remote sensing techniques can be used in the study of landscape areas dynamic processes with considerable success, as the integrated value. The study of the landscapes properties on the basis of their optical properties was carried out in the test section of the Kursk aerospace polygon that includes Streletski site of the Central Chernozem V.V. Alekhin state biospheric natural reserve, a site of Kursk biospheric station and agribusinesses Panino. It included spectral and phytometric measurements in soil-vegetation cover by land and from the aircraft AN-2. Measurements of spectral characteristics with simultaneous obtaining of digital colour image in RJB channels and parameters of soil and vegetation cover in the mode in-situ were carried out on the experimental sites located in three areas of protected steppes with natural vegetation and different modes of nature use: not mowed, mowed, grazing; as well as agricultural systems with different crops. The spectral characteristics of images were obtained with photospectroscopic system FSS-M1 and the spectroradiometer of the FSR–M. Vegetation samples were taken from the experimental sites for further processing in laboratory conditions. In chamber conditions total phytomass and phytomass fractions (leaves, stems, stalks, flowers) were measured. The leaf area and the projected area of the plants were calculated. The results of simultaneous ground-based and flight measurements are recorded in the field book (after treatment, in a specially designed book in Excel) to create the database and conduct further analysis.

78-83

Authors: Vilina Peresadko, Nadiya Maksymenko, Kateryna Bila

Having reviewed a variety of approaches to understanding the essence of wine industry, having studied the modern ideas about the future of wine industry, having analyzed more than 50 maps from the Internet we have set the trends and special features of wine industry mapping in the world, such as: - the vast majority of maps displays the development of the industry at regional or national level, whereas there are practically no world maps; - wine-growing regions are represented on maps very unevenly; - all existing maps of the industry could be classified as analytical ascertaining inventory type; - the dominant ways of cartographic representation are area method and qualitative background method, sign method and collation maps are rarely used; - basically all the Internet maps have low quality as they are scanned images with poor resolution; - the special feature of maps published lately is lack of geographical basis (except for state borders and coastline). We created wine production and consumption world map «Wine Industry» in the scale of 1:60 000 000 with simple geographical basis (state names, state borders, major rivers, coastline). It was concluded that from the methodological point of view it is incorrect not to show geographical basis on maps of wine industry. Analysis of this map allowed us to identify areas of traditional wine-making, potential wine-making areas and countries which claim to be the world leaders in the field of wine production. We found disbalans between wine production and wine consumption - increasing wine production in South America, China and the United States and increasing wine consumption (mainly due to the import products) in countries where the grape is not the primary agricultural product.

87-90

Authors: Lyudmila Polischuk, Anna Moroz, Ruslan Kravchenko

The article is devoted to development of information material for the study of anthropogenic landscapes in Kharkiv region in the school course in Geography. Analysis of the State Standard of complete secondary education and school programs of Ukraine has showed that the features of transformation natural landscapes given in school geographical education are insufficient. In present-day natural science education it is important not only to expand educational material and increase its complexity but also to deepen the knowledge through disclosure of connections and relationships. This especially applies to geography, the content of which consists of a number of knowledge systems being formed within several courses. Thus, the focus should be directed on development of ideas about the unity of nature, indissolubility of all the components of nature, laws and mechanisms of anthropogenic impacts on the constituents of biosphere, and through them to the biosphere as a whole. Formation of a holistic image of nature begins from the study of real natural objects of the native locality (city, district, region), which allows to understand global laws and processes. Based on informational development about anthropogenic landscapes in Kharkiv region, the authors offered promising areas of work with students in the mode of excursions. Information about anthropogenic landscapes of Kharkiv region is important for visual use in obtaining knowledge about them in the geographical education and will provide attraction of students to practical research activities of study about anthropogenic landscapes. This approach will allow the students to form a spatial idea, and consciously navigate in the social and economic, social and political and environmental problems of the state and its region.

95-99

Authors: Kostyantyn Priadka

Forestry is complex, dynamic, and multidimensional. We must meet the needs of the forest as well as the pressures of economic efficiency. GIS technology profoundly and positively impacts the way land managers, timber managers, and forestry specialists manage timber resources. GIS can help us understand forest science, economics, and social principles. Editing paper maps is quite difficult, especially in the middle of a forest. Staff working in the field used to bring along paper documents, notepads, and cameras. It could take hundreds of hours to complete the fieldwork for a forest. GIS provides much more information than simple paper maps. Hence, the Forestry department has to start exploring the use of online apps. Maps created with GIS technologies can include data about the owners, forest cover, economic plans, timber harvesting, forest age, and other information. The article gives a detailed analysis of modern requirements to mapping for the needs of forest management. Existing ways of geospatial data collection and their limitations have been analyzed. Much attention is given to most probable technical means of this kind of information collection, final accuracy of the data in case of using those technical means has been analyzed. Based on the findings, the paper proposes ways to increase accuracy of data collection.

105-108

Authors: Viktoria Salimon

The article describes how a generalization principle in educational material can be applied on geography classes with suggestopedic training technology as one of the best ways to remember the information. The author has analyzed the use of a global approach in education, including geography classes. The suggestopedic learning is increasingly gaining momentum due to the intensification of the educational process. Suggestopedia is known as a pedagogical concept of the effective knowledge transfer through unobtrusive intervention into the subconscious in positive and joyful way. Such training allows learners to take a large amount of the information, improving the mental state of learners. Their mental activity is exacerbated in these conditions. Globalization is a special kind of the educational material generalization on the basis of certain patterns of the specific discipline, which involves combining a few topics in one lesson. After analyzing innovative teaching methods, including globalization of the educational material on the lessons of geography with suggestopedic technology training the results of these methods study have been presented, the essence of the use and application of the globalization of educational material on suggestopedic lessons as well as the feasibility of using it in the classroom have been revealed. The article pays attention to the generalization of educational topics from the major psychological patterns of the information perception using globalization of educational material on the lessons of geography with suggestopedic training technology, which in turn makes it possible not only to maintain, but also to develop children’s worldview integrity. The globalization of educational material not only leads to being able to think globally, but also to a global lifestyle, reveals the spare capacity in training and improves memorization and understanding of the studied material. Guidelines for the suggestopedic lesson using globalization of the educational material for the section «Earth on the plan and map» in the general geographic course has been proposed.

117-120

Authors: Vladimir Tyshkovets, Vladimir Opara

Basic aspects of Ukrainian landscapes target zoning use for maintenance of soil protection system on agricultural lands have been presented. The analysis of current systems of purposeful zoning of territories in the country and modern approaches to its modernization has been done. The ameliorative functions of forest in accordance with existing main and supportive negative factors, forms and intensiveness of its appearance in concrete types of landscapes have been explained. The questions of forest projection optimization in accordance with natural-climatic conditions of certain regions have been described. The ways of qualitative new use of agroforest ameliorative measures have been determined. The new zoning system on the basis of main soil erosion factors principally differs from the previous systems. The proposed zoning method is characterized by complexity, involving main physical, geographical and agricultural factors in the order of their impact on soil erosion processes. These factors consist of climate (water and temperature regime), relief and character of agricultural use of territory. Meanwhile, other factors (soil, vegetative cover and other) are used simultaneously with the main factors. That kind of zoning by the main factors of soil erosion is only the first stage. The second stage should be zoning by types of systems of counter erosion measures. In this article the authors have shown that when choosing agrarian ameliorative methods, the influence on negative factors on agriculture should be considered in the new zoning of the territory. A number of references and fund materials, including those of territorial zoning have been analyzed in the article. Preferences and negative aspects as well as selection of a basis for new agrarian ameliorative zoning of Ukrainian landscapes which includes the full information of factors and conditions of formation and expansion of negative factors for agriculture have been proposed.

126-130

Authors: Mykola Chyshkala, Alexander Zhemerov

The article analyzes the problem of concepts’ formation in the course «Socio-economic geography of the world». In the formation of economic-geographical concepts in the 10th form we propose to use various tools of learning and specific approaches. 1st approach - the formation of concepts with the help of maps. Maps are models of economic and geographic facts reflection in the space. Statistics put on the map is an effective tool in the formation of economic and geographic concepts, in the analysis of concrete situation in the country or the world. With the help of maps we propose to form the concepts of megalopolis, urban agglomeration, population reproduction, demographic transition, migration, urbanization, and the like. 2nd approach - the formation of concepts on the basis of charts and diagrams. The diagram is the evidence which determines the dominance of one process or object over another. We propose to use diagrams for the formation of concepts about the occupational structure of population, sex-age composition of the population, exports, imports, employment, etc. The graph performs the function of digital data interpretation, comparison and grouping of objects and processes, illustrating the dynamics of the indicators. With the help of graphs we propose to reflect the dynamics of population, population explosion, migration, fertility, mortality, population density, etc 3rd approach - the formation of concepts on the basis of illustrations and schemes. By the illustrations we propose to form the concepts of suburbanity, pseudourbanity, agriculture, and so on. Schematic images are effective in constructing concepts about the geographical division of labour, depopulation, surrounding geo-environment, monitoring, etc. 4th approach - the formation of concepts with the help of tables. Tables are a transitional link between the text and the graphic image. Using tables we can form such concepts as: Republic, monarchy, life expectancy, types of reproduction, GDP, TNC, human development index, etc. 5th approach - the formation of concepts by explaining. These are the concepts that are impossible or difficult to illustrate: delimitation of borders, political system, democracy, authoritarianism, market economy, and so. The use these approaches in geography lessons will be accompanied by work with the special illustrated Glossary of terms. Now we are preparing such Glossary for publication. It will be issued at the end of 2016.

135-139

Authors: Nataliia Popovych

The article deals with the sets of sustainable development indicators and sustainable development indexes. Among approaches used in indicators design the author has identified geosystemic, target, problematic, sectoral and functional ones. It is denoted that the most widely used indicator sets are the OECD programme on ecological indicators and the system of indicators created by the UNO Division for Sustainable Development. The author analyzes the integral indexes of sustainable development, such as Living Planet Index, Human Development Index, Human Poverty Index, Adjusted Net Savings and the Ecological Footprint. It is emphasized that integral indicators and indexes are rarely used in sustainable development strategies (the reason for this could be some methodological limitations or lack of statistical data). The analysis of national sustainable development strategies of European countries has showed that the target approach is mainly used in the development of indicators and their number vary from 32 (Estonia) to 610 (Latvia). Sustainable development strategies indicators are expressed in the text and table forms; charts and graphs are commonly used in the monitoring reports, whereas cartographic works are hardly represented. The author has presented the following key recommendations for mapping indicators for sustainable development strategies: to use component system of indicators as the basis for integral indicators design; to use either territory or population as a «common denominator» for indicators; to give users the most complete picture of the territory development applying the least possible number of maps; to use collation and diagram maps which are the most appropriate way of cartographic representation.