International Journal of Applied Medical and Biological Research

6

Authors: Amal Mohamed, Al-Shebani Mohammed, Abdul Qader Bugarara Ali, Omar Saad Saleh Abrika, Ali Dau Masoud, Abdul Hafeez Khan

This study was conducted at the Central Laboratory of Sebha, Libya with collaboration with Tropical Diseases Hospital and Center for Communicable Diseases of Sebha, which hostels for HIV/AIDS patients in Southern Libya during the period of February 2012 to April 2013. To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among HIV/AIDS patients in Sebha, Libya.All the stool samples were examined for parasites in fresh mounts, formal-ether concentration technique and modified acid fast stain (Ziehl-Neelsen) technique was used and Chi-square test was used to evaluate apparent differences for significance. In this study, sixty HIV/AIDS serologically positive patients were included to detect intestinal parasites. Forty HIV/AIDS negative (clinically healthy individuals) were used as controls. Direct smear microscopy and formalin-either technique were used for the detection of parasites. Intestinal parasites were detected in 25 HIV/AIDS patients (41.66 %) and in 7 (17.5 %) HIV-negative subjects a difference that was statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between males and females patients and two methods used for the detection of parasites. Blastocystis hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum were commonest (18.33 %) and (15 %) respectively. The other parasites detected were Entamoeba histolytica / E.dispar (8.33 %), Giardia lamblia (6.66 %) and Entamoeba coli (5.0 %) in the stools of HIV/AIDS patients. Only one stool sample showed the egg of Ascaris lumbricoides. B. hominis and C. parvum were also commonest (7.5 %) and (5.0 %) among healthy individuals respectively. Diarrhea (36.66 %) was the most common complain among HIV/AIDS patients and protozoans accounted for the majority of diarrhea cases were B.hominis and C.parvum. There was statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the prevalence of intestinal parasites among HIV/AIDS patients, who were on regular (75 %) and non-regular (26.32 %) taking Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) Routine examinations of stool samples for parasites would significantly benefit the HIV/AIDS patients for the treatment of intestinal parasitosis for their overall well being.

6

Authors: Mabroka Mohamed Alahwal , Ibrahim Ali Altayyar, Meraj Bano, Abdulhafeez Khan

The present study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. infection among paediatric patients attending Sebha Medical Center for their health problems. A total of 150 faecal specimens from various localities of Sebha region, and 50 stool samples from normal healthy controls were screened for oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. using Modified Ziehl-Neelsen and Giemsa´s staining techniques. The overall infection rate was 10%. This is the first report of Cryptosporidium spp. infection in Sebha. The intensity of Cryptosporidium spp. was slightly more in Modified Ziehl-Neelsen (10.0%) than Giemsa´s staining techniques (8.6%) and this difference was not statistically significant ( P> 0.05 ) by analysis of variance . In general, boys were more infected with Cryptosporidium spp. (5.3%) than girls (4.7 %), difference between them was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). No, statistically significant difference of prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was found among different age groups of paediatric patients (P > 0.05). However, infection among both symptomatic (80%) and asymptomatic (20%) children and difference between them was significant (P< 0.05). Source of drinking water was significantly (p< 0.05) associated with the incidence of Cryptosporidiosis among paediatric patients. It is concluded that Cryptosporidium spp. may be an important pathogen associated with gastrointestinal symptoms among children in Sebha region, Libya.

7

Authors: Maryam Mohamed Besher,Aisha abokhzam, Rajaa Alghani

The objective of the study was to determine the Influence of some chemical additives to Henna and most actively traded on some liver and kidney functions and complete blood count in white rabbits.15 rabbit divided into three groups, each group containing five rabbits. The first group which used as a control was a topical application of henna on the dorsal region of the rabbits after removing hair. The second group had been used henna with Mahlbaih. Henna was used with Serratia in third group. Rabbits were slaughter of after 24 hours to get the blood to require analyzes. The results of this study showed a significant increase in AST, ALT and increase in the concentration of Urea and Creatinine in the two groups, which used Mahalbiah and Serratia. There is no variability in CBC count between three groups.

11

Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Osman, Ali Ahmad Abu Siyam, and Yasser Ali Biomi

Hepatitis B vaccine has been integrated into the current childhood immunization program in Jordan since 1995. Since that date, no studies were made for HBV vaccine assessment on Jordanian children. Main objective in our study is to evaluate the protective immunity levels induced by HBV vaccination among a school entry age group. Risk factors to hepatitis B infection were investigated and the protective capacity of the vaccine was studied. Blood samples were obtained from the study group, ELISA tests performed for all cases for anti-HBsAg, anti-HBcAg, and HBsAg. PCR performed for subjects that exposed to different risk factors. No hepatitis B virus was detected in all the blood samples, where all of them were negative to HBcAb, and the group of risk factors has negative results of HBV DNA and HBsAg. The response to HBV vaccine (Anti-HBsAg) values were classified according to child gender (sex), age and several risk factors in order to investigate any effect of each factor on the values of the Anti-HBsAg, after giving the vaccine. 78.9% of children at school entry age had more than 10 (>10 mIU/ml) of anti-HBsAg, so most children were protected from HBV infection, and this result agree with recent studies. 35.4% of the study children were exposed to different risk factors, which increase the probability of HBV infections. Presence of sub-protecting immunity suggests giving a booster dose at the age of school entry, to prolong and increase the protection immunity of school children. The levels of anti-HBsAg decrease with increase age and the immunity against HBV infection will be decreased too. The infection rate and vaccine response of HBV in both sex were almost the same.

5

Authors: Ibrahim Ali Altayyar, Mohamed Farge Elbreki, Marwa Omar Ali and Amal Aljelani Ali

To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella spp isolates from patients attending Health Centers in Brack town, Southwestern, Libya. A total of 80 stool samples were collected randomly from both sexes in all ages. Microbiological analysis of all specimens was carried out by using standard methods of bacterial identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed manually according to CLSI recommendation against 5 types of antibiotics. Of 80 examined specimens, 14 (17.5%) Salmonella spp were isolated. (36%) Salmonella species were isolated from children and (17.6%) were isolated from adult males and (5.3%) from adult females patients. All isolated Salmonella species were highly sensitive (>80%) to Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin. The Salmonella isolates presented high resistance rate to Ampicillin (25%) and Chloramphenicol (22.5%).

6

Authors: Ibrahim Ali Altayyar, Nazar Abdalazeem Osman, Mohamed Farge Elbreki, Hanan Ali Ibrahim, Aishah Aboalasad, Aminah Barkah, Nwal Almahdi

Keratinophilic fungi are environment worldwide fungi that degrade keratinous substrates to components of low molecular weight; they belong to Hyphomycetes and several other taxonomic groups. The objective of this study is to assessing the frequency of Keratinophilic fungi, potentially pathogenic fungi from different area at south Libya. Thirty nine soil samples were sterile inoculated in sterile petri dishes were half filled with approximately 40-50 g of soil for each sample. Hair baiting technique was used for isolating the fungi. Plates were then incubated at 28±20 ºC for a period of 3-4 weeks. A total of 136 strains of different Keratinophilic fungi were isolated; Keratinophilic fungi were classified into 10 species belonging to 6 genera, Aspergillus species represent the highest occurrence of isolated. In conclusion, this study is the first of its kind in the south Libya, high incidence of Aspergillus species in the soil of the south Libya finding of public health significance.

8

Authors: Rugaia Mohammed Abdul-Gader Algazoui, Mowadda Ahmed Omar Lgreed and Fatima Mohammed Abdulkader

The results of present study showed that 5 % (10 of 200) children were infected with Giardia lamblia. Boys had more (6.79%) than girls (3.06%) infection of this parasite and the difference was not statistically significant (ᵡ2= 1.30, P= 0.233). No significant difference was found among different age groups of children. All the children infected with Giardia had two or three gastrointestinal symptoms. Abdominal pain was the most common symptoms among (100%) children infected with G. lamblia.