Bulletin of Science and Practice

14-20

Authors: Baimuratova G., Omurbekova G.

The thermodynamic method is based on the study and analysis of the formation of high-modulus sodium silicate. It is determined by the thermodynamic method of the isobaric-isothermal reaction potential using the equation of the second law of thermodynamics, the Kirchhoff law and the Gibbs equation. To conduct a thermodynamic analysis for all in the reaction of the compounds, the necessary tabular data were used, and a thermodynamic analysis was performed for four chemical reactions. Equations of changes in the isobaric-isothermal potential as a function of temperature are compiled for all reactions. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the first reaction is practically the most acceptable for the production of silicate energy.

28-34

Authors: Boymurodov Kh, Izzatullaev Z., Egamkulov А., Otakulov B., Khojiev M., Bobomurodov Z.

The study assessed the current state of the population of Colletopterum bacterium in Uzbekistan reservoirs from the rivers Syr-Darya, Syr-Darya region, middle Zarafshan and Amu-Darya. At the same time, individual and organismic indicators in the population were compared. Differentiation of the C. bactrianum population in water bodies is determined by their age. The ratios between the four age groups in the areas of Central Zarafshan and Central Amu-Darya are 1.0: 0.8: 0.5: 0.3 and 1.0: 0.8: 0.7: 0.3, while such ratios are the norm for the population of this bivalve mollusk.

43-70

Authors: Romanchuk, P., & Volobuev, A.

The human brain is the main tool and the most valuable resource on our planet. New epigenetics Homo sapiens and H. sapiens brain manage the interaction of genetic and epigenetic programs of ageing and healthy longevity. Epigenetic clocks are mathematical models and artificial intelligence that predict the biological age of a person using DNA methylation data and are the most accurate biomarkers of the ageing process. Genetic and epigenetic factors that limit a person’s life expectancy are relevant in biogerontological, biophysical and neurophysiological studies, especially from the point of view of the medical economy. Cerebrovascular ageing can be considered from several points of view, including changes in vascular density (number of capillaries and arterioles), vascular plasticity (dynamic regulation of vascular density or structure) and vascular reactivity (an adaptation of vessels to acute metabolic changes in tissues). The main control mechanisms in the cerebral circulation are unique in comparison with other vascular channels and include, but are not limited to such features as the blood-brain barrier, perivascular innervation, intracellular communication between neurons, perivascular glial cells and smooth muscle cells, high tissue metabolism, lack of anoxic tolerance and the presence of collateral arteries. Multidisciplinary and multimodal interaction in the triad brain-eyes-vessels makes it possible to identify early biomarkers of both general accelerated and pathological ageing, and to diagnose neurodegeneration in a timely manner, and to carry out effective neurorehabilitation of cognitive impairment. Biochipping, neural and brain chips, the next (new) generation sequencing technology will allow the study of the expression of thousands of genes that will be used as biomarkers. Combined and hybrid methods of neuroimaging in collaboration with artificial intelligence technologies are modern tools for the diagnosis and prevention of cognitive impairment and healthy ageing of the H. sapiens brain.

79-90

Authors: Zhumalieva E., Furtikova A., Vychigzhanina N., Kondratieva E.

Disorders in children born with very low body weight and extremely low body weight are considered. Under supervision were 253 children from various regions of the Kyrgyz Republic from 2010 to 2015. Used generally accepted laboratory research methods. The instrumental examination included an ultrasound examination of the brain in two projections. An ultrasound examination of the heart was carried out, as well as lungs were examined by x-ray, abdominal organs by ultrasound. If necessary, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed in the phase of physiological or drug sleep. All children underwent audio screening. By early diagnosis, the effectiveness of therapeutic measures was determined.

97-104

Authors: Abdurakhmanov Sh., Chyngysheva Zh., Bulanbekov A., Tilekov E.

The data on the analysis of the parallel clinical control (CC) and experimental control (EC), the data obtained on the basis of the CCI, are presented to make sure that the experimental data on the modeling of cavity blood loss can be ‘transferred’ to the clinical platform. The work was carried out from 2007 to 2017. In conclusion, the authors conclude that there is a clear parallel between clinical and experimental control, which indicates the relevance of experimental and clinical–laboratory research methods.

114-121

Authors: Kasiev N., Mamanov M.

Otorhinolaryngological incidence is one of the most common pathologies not only in the world but also in the Kyrgyz Republic. The incidence of ear and mastoid diseases among adults and adolescents in the Osh region of the Kyrgyz Republic increased by 2015 in 59.0%. Chronic otitis also had a 12.0% growth trend in 2015. An increase in hearing loss patients was observed throughout 2015 and 2016 by 39.8% and 54.7%, respectively. Other ear diseases increased by 84.3% in 2015. In other years, a decrease in morbidity has been detected. Among children under the age of 14, the incidence of ear and mastoid process in dynamics tended to increase in 2015 and 2018. An increase in chronic otitis among children under 14 was observed in 2017. Hearing loss has been identified in 2016 and 2018. In the remaining years, there has been a significant decline. An increase in ear and mastoid disease among adults and adolescents in the Osh region has been detected. A sharp increase in morbidity was observed in Kara–Sui district in 2016, Nookat district in 2015 and 2018, Chon–Alay district in 2017 and 2018. The incidence of chronic otitis has tended to increase among the population of the Aravan district in 2018, Kara–Sui district in 2016, Nookat district in 2015, Uzgen district in 2017. Hearing loss among Alay district patients in dynamics had a trend of significant growth in 2015, 2016 and 2018. A sharp rise in hearing loss was noted in 2016 in Kara–Kulzha, Kara–Sui districts, in Nookat district in 2015. For the Uzgen district, an increase in hearing loss was observed in 2015 and 2017. A slight increase was revealed in Chon–Alay district in 2018. The variation in the incidence rate in various areas is due to the population’s low access to medical care and underreporting of morbidity.

129-137

Authors: Omusheva S.

The aim of the study was to study the detection and treatment of allergic rhinitis in children in the Kyrgyz Republic. A prospective study included 79 children with suspected allergic rhinitis. It was found that 79 patients were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis using an adapted questionnaire. Late reversibility, the duration of the disease on average 3 years from the onset of the first symptoms, and a severe course indicate a diagnosis of the disease. In allergic rhinitis intermittent flow, sensitization to the pollen of cereals and trees predominates, and in persistent, weed, domestic, and epidermal allergens are noted. The effectiveness of subcutaneous and sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy methods in children was evaluated.

145-154

Authors: Bekeshova E.

In the article, the author conducted an analytical review of the state of primary health care in rural areas at the present stage. In modern socio-economic conditions, health care for the rural population is characterized by limited access to medical care, as well as low efficiency, both medical and social and preventive measures. In the Kyrgyz Republic, 60.0% of the population are rural, so the organization of medical care for this category of the population is essential for the health–care system of the Republic. Both the Almaty Declaration (1978) and the Astana Declaration of 2018 reaffirm the desire to strengthen primary health care to achieve universal health coverage with key areas: making bold policy decisions to improve people’s health in all areas; Sustainable primary health care; Empowering individuals and the public; Building stakeholder support with national policies, strategies and plans. The development of family medicine allows unloading the health care system and strengthening the prevention of diseases. The PHC approach is fundamental to achieving the overall global goals of universal health coverage and health-related sustainable development goals. The poor state of health of rural residents requires the development of more effective medical care mechanisms aimed at improving the financial, material and human resources of health care. The literary review showed that the optimization of the health care system, especially in rural areas, needs to begin with a primary level of health care to improve the accessibility and quality of health care, while optimizing financial, logistical and human resources.

163-167

Authors: Guseynzadeh G., Guliev N., Shahmurad B.

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. — is one of the most important vegetables of Azerbaijan. Heterosis propagation is used to increase the yield and quality of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. because traditional methods cannot be used to achieve this goal. Heterosis in tomato led to an increase in productivity by 20–50%. The paper presents a study to assess heterosis in tomato inbreeds for the development of hybrid varieties. Used hybrids obtained from combinations of Tom-1×Masalla. Commodity productivity of the plant differed from the maternal form, and the paternal productivity — 2 times from the paternal form. The hybrid forms of Tom-1×Masalla in terms of fruit mass and productivity had the effect of heterosis.

178-184

Authors: Rystsova E., Tadzhieva A., Kondrashkina K., Gaisina E.

Heavy metals pollution has become a major global problem due to the spread of heavy metals emissions, the persistence of emissions in the environment and their potential toxicity to man and animals. Livestock products contaminated with technogenic pollution fall out of the sanitary standards in terms of containing heavy metals and pose a certain risk to human health. This article considers enterosorption as a method for solving this problem on the example of calves dyspepsia. The results of the study proved the productivity of EcoSil enterosorbent use in order to reduce the impact of heavy metals on cattle.

192-197

Authors: Zhogashtiev N.

The article considers the issues of thermal shock resistance of carbon materials. To obtain a composite material, the method of electric arc treatment with a relatively low current value was used. The resulting material and its properties correspond to the concept of a double electric layer at the interface, which is due to the orientation of carbon molecules.

207-225

Authors: Zelenova Yu., Belgorodsky V., Korobtseva N.

In this article, it is shown the solution of a range of important issues that are necessary for working out of the modern digital stages of a lace costume and lace–like structures. The most complete study of the historical–cultural heritage of lace is a prerequisite for the construction of a classification matrix that highlights the dominant types of lace in certain time intervals in different countries. Understanding the conditions of traditional design of a lace element with an ornamental pattern, historically natural to its time, allows recreating a certain prototype of a lace element, lace costume, lace style image. The classification matrix provides the possibility of authentic adaptation of historical lace ornaments using the 3D printing method and 3D modelling programs. On the basis of selected historical prototype sketching of the interested area of a costume is carried out from the historical art canvas according to the actual measurements of the elements and the mathematical law of similarity, with a subsequent 1:1 scaling. The copy of maximum possible similarity of the historical prototype with the use of special 3D-programs is translated from the flat intangible artefact of the great artist into a real stylized 3D-object. Through such modular elements, it is possible to assemble a full-value historical costume or a futuristic style image. In this research is carried out retransmission of the rapport elements of women’s and men’s costume collars. The table shows the key steps in the development of historical prototypes of 3D modules in Adobe Photoshop and Autodesk 3ds Max programs. From the designed modules according to the author’s principle, models of women’s and men’s costume in the style of futurism have been developed. The final models in the costume design chain show a complete difference in costume style and purpose from direct historical prototypes, which proves the absolute adaptive ability of lace to the changing conditions of the existence of the costume.

237-247

Authors: Batkovskiy M., Kravchuk P., Sudakov V.

The development of diversification of integrated structures of the military-industrial complex, as well as the need for their modernization in order to accelerate innovative development, necessitate the improvement of their management efficiency. The most important direction for solving this problem is the creation of information systems for managing diversification activities. The relevance of the study, the results of which are presented in the article, is determined by the urgent need to improve the theory and tools of managing information support in modern conditions. Previous studies by various scientists of the process under consideration were focused on the economic conditions for the development of integrated structures, which are fundamentally different from modern ones. The article presents the methodological foundations of the development of rational solutions governing the information support of the diversification of integrated structures based on optimization models for the management tasks that are being solved. The results of the study allow us to develop certain aspects of the theory of strategic management, the theory of financial management, the theory of economic and mathematical modelling. Their practical application provides an increase in the quality of management of the diversification process of integrated structures and an increase in the efficiency of their activities.

253-259

Authors: Berketova L., Volodina S.

The problem of rational and economical use of food is increasingly understood among the public, in particular among environmentalists, in different countries and people. In particular, the reasons for the loss of food raw materials and food products can be considered the presence of high competition among food producers, the problems of distribution and storage of food raw materials and food products and high requirements for the quality-appearance-of products, dishes. A significant amount of unused, discarded food negatively affects the ecology of the planet due to the formation of toxins and greenhouse gases, which in turn lead to contamination of soil, air and water resources. Direction foddering involves the distribution of extra food among the needy. Organizations and individuals donate excess food to other organizations, such as charities that help the poor or prepare meals for people without a fixed place of residence. The founder of this direction is Germany. Class food sharing in this country a strictly specified set rules and appropriate documentation. For example, food-accepting organizations are prohibited from divulging the names of the stores and hotels that provide their products. Exceptions are individual bio-companies that emphasize their charity involvement. The adoption by the German government of a program of measures to reduce food consumption is projected by 2030 should lead to a reduction in the discarded food in half. In Russia, thanks to food sharing in 2018, about 7 thousand tons of food were saved. According to RAEC and TIAR Center estimates, this volume can grow to 1 million tons by 2024. The most popular platform for food exchange is Food sharing. ‘I’ll give you food for nothing.’ Vkontakte group. The main problem is the lack of regulation of food sharing at the legislative level because no documents have been developed that could establish specific requirements for this type of activity and for the food sold of this kind. Also, the features of food sharing in other countries are considered: USA, France, Italy, Belgium, etc.

264-269

Authors: Nikitina E., Smirnov V.

The article deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of developing an enterprise development strategy. Based on the analysis of the external and internal marketing environment developed and proposed measures aimed at strengthening the organization’s market position.

274-277

Authors: Toshpulatov A.

The article describes the main directions of the formation and development of the labour market in Uzbekistan, as well as mechanisms for improving the infrastructure of this market. Special attention is paid to the need for a wide development of a network of recruiting firms that contribute to the solution of both social problems and the development of entrepreneurship in the new sphere of commercial services. It is noted that private recruitment agencies contribute to reducing tension and imbalance of the labour force in the excess labour market.

283-286

Authors: Kadzharov R.

The article discusses the legal problems of inheritance relations in the Russian Federation and foreign countries. The relevance of the topic under study is due to the need to form a legal environment emerging in the process of inheritance of tort obligations and the form of the will in Russian and foreign laws. A legal analysis of Russian legislation and international treaties, foreign legislation and judicial practice in the field of inheritance regulation in the Russian Federation and foreign countries are carried out. Particular attention is paid to the unification of international norms in the field of testament form. The author concludes that international law on inheritance has its drawbacks and requires further adjustments.

292-295

Authors: Saidaliev A.

In order to ensure compliance with the requirements of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 7, 2018, no. PP-4006 On measures to radically improve the criminally-executive legislation, the scientific and comparative legal aspects analyze the issues of improving the standards for ensuring judicial control over activities bodies and institutions that carry out punishment and other measures of criminal law in the Republic of Uzbekistan. At the same time, the author has developed proposals and recommendations on ensuring judicial control over the activities of bodies and institutions that carry out punishment and other measures of criminal law.

303-307

Authors: Adilov B.

The article analyzes the characteristics of the principles of the criminal executive law. It is substantiated that the main principles of the criminal executive law are: legality, humanism, justice, the inevitability of the execution and serving of sentences and other measures of criminal law, differentiation and individualization of the execution of sentences and other measures of criminal law, the cooperation of state bodies and civil society, equality of convicts before the law, stimulation of law-abiding and active socially useful behaviour of convicts, rational use of coercive means and resocialization, the combination of the execution of sentences and other measures of criminal law impact with the correctional effect on convicts and their resocialization.

321-324

Authors: Kakadiy I., Pavlov V.

The aim of this work is to study the concept of ‘social security’, as well as the establishment of its subjects and objects, using the example of a secondary educational institution. The method of obtaining information is analytical. The authors conclude that social security can be defined as a favourable state of the internal climate in society. It is necessary to conduct comprehensive monitoring of threats to social security; regular study of cases on eliminating incidents and threats in the educational environment.

336-351

Authors: Adykulov, A.

The article shows the results of a theoretical and experimental research on the study of psychological determinants associated with creativity in adolescence. There are certain relationships between the unconscious and creativity. The extroverted and introverted attitudes, psychical functions: thinking, feelings, sensations, intuition and other psychological personal qualities serve as independent factors. The data showing that mental functions can develop and become dominant both in extrovert and introvert attitudes are presented. According to creative indicators, where intuition dominates over sensation and feelings, in comparison with other functions, the highest indicators for non-verbal and verbal creativity are found. In adolescence, there is a tendency for the large influence of thinking on verbal creativity. According to creative indicators, the thinking type shows high verbal and non-verbal creativity under the dominance of intuition over sensation. Feelings are closely related to the verbal and non-verbal creativity of students. According to creative indicators, the extrovert sensitive type, in comparison with other types, has the highest rates of non-verbal and verbal creativity. An essential sign accompanying non-verbal creativity (both originality and uniqueness) of the rates (examined persons) is intuition. Intuition, as it turned out, is a key attribute and psychological determinant of the formation of originality and uniqueness, as well as non-verbal creativity.

359-362

Authors: Stroganov D., Muravleva E.

This article discusses the attitude of the 3rd-century apologist Arnobius the Elder to the philosophy of ancient Hermeticism and its mythical founder Hermes Trismegistus according to the apologetic essay The Seven Books against the Heathen. Also considered are the reasons for the refusal of the rhetoric from Sikki to abandon the so-called ‘Christian concordism’ with certain provisions of the Hermetic teaching and the dual perception of the image of Hermes Trismegistus.

367-374

Authors: Abdullaeva, Ch.

This article is concerned with the problem of national and cultural specifics of Phraseological Units, with the component of a color. An object of research is Phraseological Units with a component of colour blue / синий / кўк in the English, Russian and Uzbek languages. A subject of research — national and cultural features of phraseological units with the component of colour in English, Russian and Uzbek languages.

381-386

Authors: Akynbekova A.

Chagatai writing made a great contribution to the formation and development of culture in the history of Turkic-speaking peoples. Therefore, this article has studied the origin of the anthroponym Chagatai, used by the Turkic-speaking States during the XV–XIX centuries, and its use as a term in scientific works At the time, these issues generated a great interest of Soviet turkologists, and some domestic and Russian-speaking scientists conducted research in this direction, that is, they studied the language of official documentation and written monuments of the XV–XIX centuries. This article gave examples from their writings. In the works it was noted that Chagatai language was the literary language of the Turkic-speaking peoples in the territory belonging to Chagataikhan, the second son of Genghis Khan, after his death. Since then, the anthroponym Chagatai has been widely used as a term in scientific works, subsequently there were such terms as Chagatai writing, Chagatai language, Chagatai culture, Chagatai literature. The result based on the facts in the writings of scholars K. K. Udachin, B. M. Yunusalieva, K. Dyikanova, V. M. Flat, S. Kudaibergenov, V. V. Radlov, N. Ilmenskogo, P. M. Melioransky, K. Berkelman, A. K. Borovkov, N. Samoylovich, N. Vambery, Fuat Koprulu, G. F. Blagova, A. M. Scherbak, who carried out research in this area, it was concluded that the Chagatai language was the literary language of literate among many Turkic peoples who before the October socialist revolution on the basis of their native languages, the formation of the literary language was still at a low level. Therefore, it is concluded that comparing the materials of the modern Kyrgyz language with the Chagatai language, their proximity and kinship should be taken as an object of special research to reveal the causes of the history of the origin of the modern Kyrgyz language in the in-depth study

392-400

Authors: Larionov F., Filippova S.

The paper concerns statements of sportsmen from the perspective of their goals and intentions. We classify these statements as statements of sports trash-talking — a form of verbal aggression in sports discourse. Targeted and intentional verbal aggression toward the opponent in sports trash-talking is aimed at the humiliation of opponent and destabilization of emotional state, which can have an impact on results of about and image and career of an athlete. The object of research is verbal aggression in sports discourse. The subject of the research is linguistic means used by perpetrators of verbal aggression during press conferences and interviews aimed at achieving communicative goals and intentions. The aim of this work is to reveal communicative strategies and tactics of sports trash-talking implementing in statements of sportsmen. Footages of press conferences and interviews of UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship) fighters are used as material for study. For research of linguistics means we use methods of syntactic and semantic analysis; method of contextual analysis is used for determination of speech concept. As a result of the material analysis strategy of direct active aggression, a strategy of direct passive aggression and strategy of indirect passive aggression were identified as main verbal aggression strategies actively used in communications behaviour of sportsmen.