Winemaking: Theory and Practice

22-43

Authors: A.A. Zarmaev

Based on the analysis of the world agro-industrial complex development trends reveals the main reasons of necessity to move to an adaptive intensification strategy by the complex. These include rising costs of irreplaceable energy for each additional unit of production, the increasing scale of the destruction and pollution of the environment, the high variability in the size and quality of the crop, depending on changes in the environmental situation. Based on the strategy of adaptive intensification of providing a differentiated and integrated use of natural resources, the adaptive capacity of crops and technological factors, relevant approaches have also been implemented in the country's viticulture. Particular attention is paid to the ecologization and biologization of intensification processes by agroecological macro-, meso and zoning areas, improving assortment, high-design and sustainable agro-ecosystems, in strict observation of conservation’ norms. This orientation allows, in particular, in the Chechen Republic to ensure greater stability, resource-efficiency and environment protection of viticulture. The characteristics of a variety of alternative farming systems are provided, including the "precision farming". The new technologies and their separate elements developed in the field of viticulture are covered: balanced viticulture; organic farming; organic vine-making; biodynamic farming; precision viticulture. The work emphasizes the escalating role of the software of an industry and the computerized assessment of resource capacity of lands; solutions of tasks on their effective use, viticulture conclusion to production of limited power - and resources consumptions in case of high performance of biological and natural potentials.