Movimiento Humano y Salud

11

Authors: Eduardo Enrique Guzmán Muñoz; Yeny Fabiola Concha Cisternas

Purpose: To determine the onset latency of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Methodology: A case-control study. Fourteen female participants with PFPS and fifteen female participants without PFPS performed a sudden lower extremity perturbation test in anterior and posterior directions. The electromyographic onset latency of the VMO and VL were measured during this test. A student’s t-test was used to compare muscle latency between the groups. Significance level was established a priori at P < 0.05. Results: During sudden anterior perturbation a significant latency delay of the VMO (p < 0.001) and VL muscles (p = 0.019) was observed in participants with PFPS. In the sudden posterior perturbation a delayed response in the activation of VMO (p = 0.023) and VL (p < 0.038) muscles was observed in individuals with PFPS. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that individuals with PFPS have a motor deficit reflected in the latency delay of VMO and VL muscles during a sudden perturbation in the sagittal plane.

15

Authors: Andrés Rosa Guillamón; Eliseo García Cantó; Pedro Luís Rodríguez García; Juan José Pérez Soto

Physical fitness is a biomarker of overall health as well as a powerful predictor of longevity and quality of life since childhood. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between weight status, physical fitness, and satisfaction with life in elementary school children. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted including 214 school children (120 females and 94 males), ages 8 to11. Weight and height were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Muscle strength, speed and agility displacement, and aerobic capacity were evaluated using the ALPHA-Fitness Battery. Students were categorized by physical fitness level (low, medium and high) and weight status (normal-weight, overweight and obesity). Life satisfaction was measured by the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Statistical analyzes indicate that obese school children have lower values in the Satisfaction with Life Scale. In addition, school children with medium-high levels of fitness have higher records in the life satisfaction scale. Results suggest that weight status and physical fitness could be determinin factors in the perception of life satisfaction in 8 to 11 year-old school children.

15

Authors: Lara Blas; Daniel Castillo; Oscar Lacalzada; Aitor Iturricastillo

This study was aimed at describing the physiological responses of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients in each session of an 8-week training program and analyzing its effects on the patients’ physical performance. Four COPD patients (64 ± 6 years) participated in this study. A 6-minute walking test (6MWT) (T1) was performed before the training program to determine the cardiovascular capacity of the participants. After 8 weeks 6MWT was repeated (T2). During the training program participants performed interval aerobic endurance, strength, stretching and respiratory muscle training. There was no significant increase in the physiological variables (systolic and diastolic blood pressure and oxygen saturation) after 6MWT neither in T1 or T2. However, the systolic pressure in the Post test of T1 (Δ%=24.8±22.1; ES=2.2, high) and Post test of T2 (Δ%=14.0±13.2; ES=1.0, high) reported a tendency to be higher than the Pre test. With respect to physical performance, participants walked slightly more meters after the training sessions (Δ%=4.61; ES=0.4, low), which was accompanied by an increased effort perception (Δ%=107.1; ES=3.0 and Δ%=200.0; ES=1.8 for RPEmus). Participants slightly improved their physical performance in the 6MWT probably because sessions were not only focused on improving aerobic capacity but also muscle strength.

18

Authors: Emmanuel Herrera-González; Maria Morera-Castro; Gerardo Araya Vargas; Héctor Fonseca-Schmidt; María del Pilar Vargas Ramírez

The purpose of this study was to establish a physical and psychological profile of fourth, fifth, and six graders. The study included a total of 1080 participants, specifically 318 fourth graders, 418 fifth graders and 344 sixth gradersbetween the ages of 9-15 years (mean age 11.10 ± 1.07). Size and weight were measured to establish BMI. Two self-report instruments were used to establish levels of physical activity: Pictorial Questionnaire of Children’s Physical Activity and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Boys and Girls. The PACER (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run) Test evaluates children and teenagers’ fitness level. Psychological variables were studied using the BIA Questionnaire and Lawrence's Self-Esteem Questionnaire (LAWSEQ). According to the classification by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the level of overweight and obesity is 28.8% while the level of underweight is 4%. As for aerobic capacity (VO2max) 77.7% is in a healthy level for their age. Boyssee themselves more physically active than girls see themselves.Regarding self-esteem, 35% show low levels and only 10% have high self-esteem. As far as body image, the tendency of the ideal and future image is to be thinner.These results serve as a fundamental scientific basis for future research aimedat improving the health and well-being of the school population, taking into account the relationship between body image and children’s psychological aspects.