Movimiento Humano y Salud

1-15

Authors: Josu Huarte Prieto & Javier Yanci Irigoyen

The purpose of this review was first to determine whether there is enough evidence in scientific literature to insure the existence of the anabolic window subsequent to training sessions to improve muscle adaptations of hypertrophy and strength by ingesting certain nutrients during a period of time. The review was also aimed at establishing if there is a limited time of action for such an anabolic window and finally at analyzing which are the appropriate nutritional recommendations for the training sessions given in the various scientific papers. Information was searched using the PubMed search engine (in English) and Google scholar and Dialnet(in Spanish). The search was narrowed to only articles directly related to training and articles with healthy subjects with no pathologies. Given that the studies analyzed present mixed and contradictory results, it is difficult to determine the existence or non-existence of the anabolic window and its time of action.

1-19

Authors: Christian Alberto Azofeifa Mora; Luis Solano Mora ;Jorge Salas Cabrera; Héctor Fonseca Schmidt

The purpose of this article is to relate and compare job stress predictors with physical activity levels, age, seniority, and gender in administrative employees in the Costa Rican public sector. A total of 395 individuals from this sector were surveyed. Subjects answered a socio-demographic questionnaire (age, gender, seniority, and marital status). In order to assess job stress predictors, the Job Stress Survey (JSS) was applied,which was comprised of two dimensions (intensity and frequency) and including predictors such as pressure at work (PT), lack of social support (FA), lack of organization (FO), and lack of personal accomplishment (FRP). To determine the level of physical activity, a short version of the IPAQ was applied. Results indicate that male subjects have a slightly higher level of physical activity compared to female subjects. In addition, females show higher levels of job pressure as a stress predictor. Subjectively, the higher the physical activity level the lower the stressors, compared to lower levels of physical activity. We conclude that the high levels of physical inactivity exhibited may be associated with higher job stress perceived and that role overload could be an important factor to consider as a source of stress in females.Key Words: job stress, physical activity, administrative, gender, age, seniority

1-11

Authors: Braulio Sánchez-Ureña; Felipe Araya-Ramírez; Luis Blanco-Romero;Carmen Crespo-Coco

Anthropometric and physiological characteristics of professional soccer players per playing position have been studied extensively in order to determine their relevance in competitions. However, comparing methods to assess body composition is uncommon for Costa Rican soccer players. Purpose: compare body composition using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and the skinfold method in Costa Rican professional soccer players. Methods: 106 Costa Rican professional soccer players, 24.53 ± 4.77 years of age, participated in the study. Results: On average body fat was 13.34 ± 4.1 %, fat free mass 62.1±5.5 kg and bone mineral content 3.6 ± 0.4 g/cm2 using DEXA, while body fat recorded using the skindfold method was 12.58 ± 3.0 %. When comparing body fat using both methods significant differences were recorded(p=0.005). In addition, there were differences on fat free mass by extremity in the upper right component (p=0.001) and lower (p=0.037) extremities. Fat free mass per playing position showed differences in the arms (p<0.05). There was a strong positive correlation(r=0.75, p < 0.001) between body fat obtained using DEXA and the skinfold methods. Conclusion: When comparing fat percentages using both methods significant differences were recorded. Body fat measured with both methods was very similar; consequently, both techniques may be used in this population.

25-36

Authors: Guillermo Felipe López Sánchez;MD Dilsad Ahmed;Francisco José Borrego Balsalobre; Laura López Sánchez1 Arturo Díaz Suárez

The level of physical activity of people is a very important issue internationally. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the level of habitual physical activity in 8-9 years old schoolchildren from Spain and India. With this purpose, it was administered the questionnaire PACE (Physician-based Assessment and Counseling for Exercise) in a sample of 85 schoolchildren (44 from Spain and 41 from India). The results showed that the sample studied does not do enough physical activity, according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, as they do at least 60 minutes of physical activity; only an average of 3.13 days/week (SD=1.91). 8-year-old schoolchildren do more physical activity than 9-year-old schoolchildren in both countries; boys do more physical activity than girls in both countries; schoolchildren from India do more physical activity than schoolchildren from Spain. Therefore, it is concluded that the level of physical activity is insufficient, decreases slightly with the age and is higher in India.