Movimiento Humano y Salud

Number 7(2) , 2010

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ELIMINATION OF URINE IN RESPONSE TO WATER INTAKE IS CONSISTENT IN WELL-HYDRATED INDIVIDUALLS

Authors: Catalina Capitán Jiménez; Luis Fernando Aragón Vargas

Abstract

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A simple method has been recently proposed to assess acute hydration status in humans; however, several questions remain regarding its reliability, validity, and practicality. Objective: Establish reliability of a simple method to assess euhydration, that is, to analyze whether this method can be used as a consistent indicator of a person´s hydration status. In addition, the study sought to assess the effect exercise has on urine volume when euhydration is maintained and a standardized volume of water is ingested. Methods: Five healthy physically active men and five healthy physically active women, 22.5 ± 2.3 years of age (mean ± standard deviation) reported to the laboratory after fasting for 10 hours or more on three occasions, each one week apart. During the two identical resting euhydration conditions (EuA and EuB), participants remained seated for 45 minutes. During the exercise condition (EuExer), participants exercised intermittently in an environmental chamber (average temperature and relative humidity = 32 ± 3°C and 65 ± 7%, respectively) for a period of 45 minutes and drank water to offset loss due to sweating. The order of treatments was randomized. Upon finishing the treatment period, they ingested a volume of water equivalent to 1.43% body mass (BM) within 30 minutes. Urine was collected and measured henceforth every 30 minutes for 3 hours. Results: Urine volume eliminated during EuExer (1205 ± 399.5 ml) was not different from EuB (1072.2±413.1 ml) or EuA (1068 ± 382.87 ml) (p-value = 0.44). Both resting conditions were practically identical (p-value = 0.98) and presented a strong intraclass correlation (r = 0.849, p-value = 0.001). Conclusions: This method, besides simple, proved to be consistent in all conditions; therefore, it can be used with the certainty that measurements are valid and reliable.

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EFFECT OF A "DANCE TO HEALTH" MODEL ON THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, TIME SPENT WATCHING TELEVISION, FOOD CONSUMPTION RATE, AND STAGES OF CHANGE IN FEMALE ADOLESCENTS IN NINTH YEAR

Authors: Óscar Hernández Quesada

Abstract

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The aim of this study was to determine the influence of a health promotion program called " Dance to Health" under the Transtheoretical Model as a basis for intervention, Latin dance (as a form of physical exercise) and talks regarding food and physical activity on the time spent watching television, frequency of food consumption, and stages of change. A total of 66 female adolescents participated in the study; 33 were in the experimental group and 33 in the control group. Participants were high school students aged between 15 and 17. The program lasted 12 weeks, with one 80-minute session per week. An initial pretest was administered, which yielded the amount of time devoted to performing physical activity (TPA), time spent watching television (TWT), food consumption rate (FCR), both healthy and unhealthy (ENCA 1997-98)and where the group was located within the stages of change (SC). At the end, a post-test was performed to verify the changes perceived after treatment. Statistical analysis: in order to determine the effect of the intervention on TPA, TWT, FCR, and SC, a two-way ANOVA was used and data was analyzed using the SPSS statistical package version 10. Results: regarding the TPA variable, the experimental group increased significantly in minutes, while the control group decreased the time used to perform physical activity (p <0.01). On the other hand, in the TWT variable, the experimental group significantly decreased compared to the control group, which increased the TWT (p <0.01). In the case of SC, the results were generally favorable for the experimental group, unlike the control group whose behavior showed negative trends. Finally, in the FCR variable no significant changes were observed in the average consumption of food groups analyzed. Conclusions: The program was able to create behavioral changes in the TPA, TWT, FCR and SC variables.

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DYSLIPIDEMIA AND BLOOD LIPID LEVELS IN PATIENTS TREATED IN PRIMARY CARE CENTERS IN EAST SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA, 2006

Authors: Erick G. Gutiérrez Peña; Juan José Romero Zúñiga

Abstract

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Dyslipidemia, i.e. high levels of blood lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides), is strongly related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In order to reduce the risk of CVD at any moment in a person´s life, it is crucial to know his/her –and the population’s– lipid profile. The aim of this study was to assess the (statistical) indicators of blood lipids and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients treated in the Integral Health Attention Program from Universidad de Costa Rica. A descriptive study was conducted including 10,044 patients aged 20 to 65 years, who were tested for a blood lipid profile in 2006. A total of 2,969 (29.6%) male and 7,075 (70.4%) female patients took part in the study, with an average age of 43.5 years. General averages for blood lipids were: 203.3 mg/dl for total cholesterol, 50.1 mg/dl for HDL, 120.1 mg/dl for LDL, and 165.6 mg/dl for triglycerides. Prevalence of 17.2% was determined for hypercholesterolemia (≥240 mg/dl), as well as 21.3% for low HDL levels (<40 mg/dl), 11.9% for high LDL levels (≥160 mg/dl), and 26.3% for high triglyceride levels (≥200 mg/dl). Women showed higher overall levels of dyslipidemia than men. Based on health areas, no significant differences were found in general lipid levels by age or sex. Results indicate that the general prevalence of dyslipidemia is close to half the rate reported in worldwide literature and lower than results reported in Costa Rican studies. However, general averages exceeded optimal levels for each blood lipid; consequently, it is important to develop health interventions oriented to reduce the impact of dyslipidemia in the studied population.