Health Risk Analysis

4-14

Authors: Onishchenko G.G., Zaitseva N.V., May I.V., Andreeva E.E.

On the base of the analysis of multidimensional data on the levels of socio-economic development of Russian regions, the conditions of life of citizens and the quality indicators of habitat for the 2013-2015 a clustering of the subjects of the federation has been made. Four types of regions were defined in terms of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, in which environmental factors and socio-economic conditions dictate a different health status. 1 cluster consists of the regions of relative sanitary and epidemiological welfare (27 subjects). 4 regions and 2 federal cities are in the group of territories with severe sanitary and epidemiological issues with a high level of socio-economic indicators of the population. Cluster 3 includes regions with moderate to severe sanitary and hygienic as well as medical and demographic challenges with national average indicators of socio-economic development (21 regions). 25 regions belong to the cluster of sanitary and epidemiological distress with a low level of socio-economic development. Priority issues that shape medical and demographic population losses were described for each cluster.

26-33

Authors: Zaitseva N.V., Zemlyanova М.А.

The results of research and evaluation of the protein profile in blood plasma in children, that have been exposed to long-term effect of fine dust containing vanadium in the zone of influence of metallurgical production sources, are demonstrated. It was established that under conditions of poor air quality in the residential area due to vanadium pentoxide dust content at the level up to 1.2 mean daily MAC (34 RfC chr ), by the suspended solids – up to 0.6 mean daily MAC (1.2 RfC chr ), there is vanadium concentration in blood of the exposed 4–7 aged children, that exceeds up to 6 times the reference level. The technology of the proteomic analysis showed that children with high content of vanadium in blood have changes in proteomic profile in blood plasma in the type of increase of the relative volume of acid glycoprotein alpha-1; reduction of clusterin, apolipoprotein A-IV, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, that are associated with vanadium concentration in blood. In the absence of timely primary and secondary prevention and the preservation of vanadium sustained exposure the revealed cell-molecular abnormalities allow us to predict further development of functional disturbances on tissue and organ levels as the early development of osteoporosis and osteoarticular pathology, atherosclerotic vascular changes, autoimmune allergic processes on the background of disorders of immune regulation, oncology diseases.

42-49

Authors: Maklakova О.А. , Ustinova О.Yu., Belyaeva Е.S. , Sherbakov А.А.

The study has involved 43 children living in areas with poor air quality due to public health indicators. In 24 % of cases during the remission the children (with bronchial asthma and recurrent bronchitis, associated with exposure to anthropogenic chemicals such as suspended solids, aromatic and oxygenated hydrocarbons, formaldehyde) demonstrated peripheral signs of obstruction and the presence of functional cardiac disorders. Being under exposure to adverse effects of environmental chemical factors, the children with chronic respiratory diseases suffer from the developing of the cardiac type of vegetative dysfunction, which was manifested in bradycardia and tachycardia, eytonic and/or sympathicotonic baseline autonomic tone, hypersympathicotonic /astimpathicotonic autonomic reactivity. In 17.9 % of the children it was manifested in transient diastolic dysfunction of right ventricle and in excessive systolic blood pressure in pulmonary artery.

59-68

Authors: Bagryantseva О.V., Shatrov G.N., Khotimchenko S.А. , Bessonov V.V., Arnautov О.V.

Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the lithosphere, constituting 8 % of the earth's crust. Aluminum enters the food from the various objects of environment such as water, food contact materials (packaging materials, cooking vessels), aluminum-containing food additives. In raw food products the content of aluminum is less than 5.7 mg/kg of the product. Normally, aluminum is not practically found in a human body. However, within the last decade various toxic effects of aluminum on human body have been revealed, and they are able to cause the risk of various diseases. The analysis of the available data has demonstrated that the excessive entry of aluminum in human body with food items is associated first of all with the content of aluminum-containing food additives, as well as with the use of materials and products made of aluminum and its alloys intended for contact with food. High level of aluminum consumption has been also detected among children of all ages. At the same time, today, theprovisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of aluminum for children is not established. To reduce negative effect of aluminum on human body it is necessary to: * exclude from the list of Annex 2 of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "Requirements for Food Additives, Flavorings and Technological Aids” (TR TS 029/2012) the following food additives – potassium aluminum silicate (E555), bentonite (E558), sodium aluminum silicate (E554), potassium aluminum silicate (E555), calcium aluminum silicate (E556), aluminum silicate (kaolin) (E559); * to develop requirements for the aluminum content in food products intended for children nutrition; * to obtain data on aluminum content in food items sold on the domestic market and to assess health risks to consumers.

77-86

Authors: Yambulatov A.M., Ustinova O.U. , Luzhetskiy K.P.

The study of the chemical substances’ content of anthropogenic origin in children with subclinical polyhypovitaminosis was conducted. It was found that a deficiency of vitamins A, C, E, B6 and B12 increases the risk of developing of elevated concentrations of organic substances of technogenic origin in blood in 1.4–6.9 times. In children with subclinical polyhypovitaminosis and high blood phenol, formaldehyde, aromatic hydrocarbons, and organ chlorine compounds increases the tension of erythropoiesis, decreases the activity of proliferating processes of lympfomonocytic germ cell factors of nonspecific resistance. Even subclinical forms of polyhypovitaminosis on the background of high content of organic compounds in the blood of children are accompanied by a slowdown of protein and carbohydrate metabolism, depletion of antioxidant defense system of reserves and shortage of energy metabolism. Developing disorders of fat metabolism in children with subclinical polyhypovitaminosis occur against a background of strained reactions of hormonal regulation that, in case of the progressive course may pose a threat to the early development of cardiovascular disease in older age groups.

96-102

Authors: Goryaev D.V., Chernenko V.V., Tikhonov I.V., Fedoreev R.V.

In order to improve the control system of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population under the control of Rospotrebnadzor in the Krasnoyarsk region, a register of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, whose activities are subject to sanitary and epidemiological supervision was established. For each of the 21 386 economic entities the number of population was defined (workers, consumers of goods and services), the potential risk of harm to the health of these populations was calculated. The computational methods and expert assessments were used. Testing of objects classification into four classes (1-extremely high, 2-high, 3-moderate, 4 class – low risk) allowed to rank to the class 1 around 0.6% of supervised legal entities and individual entrepreneurs; to object class 2 – about 14%; to class 3 – almost 48%. More than 36.7% of business entities have been referred to the fourth class; the frequency of scheduled inspections of their activity is minimal or can be ruled out at all (in the absence of violations of sanitary legislation for certain time). Using a risk-based planning model has streamlined planning towards increasing the share of inspections in respect of the subjects that are highly relevant and hygienically engaged in providing health care to the population (from 3.9% to 6.8%), education (from 32.8% to 55.6%), services and audits of local governments (from 0.9% to 15.2%).