Health Risk Analysis

4-17

Authors: Zaitseva N.V., May I.V.

An analysis of the laws and regulations of the technical regulation and product safety systems of the European Union, the United States and a number of international organizations suggests international legislative recognition of life and health risk assessment methodology as a key tool for justifying product safety standards. Legislation from the Customs Union on product risk assessment requires development and improvement, internal harmonization and ensuring conformation with the provisions of international documentation. The improvement of laws and regulations will stimulate the development of all aspects of the scientific and methodological and organizational support for product risk assessment, i.e. the development and implementation of risk assessment methodologies, the development of a system of criteria for a risk of health disorders of various severity, the improvement of methods for product conformity assessment and of the risk monitoring system for products placed on the market.

27-33

Authors: Solovyov V.Yu.

A concept is based on proposals on identifying high risk groups among the personnel of production facilities with hazardous working conditions and on the harmonization of safety standards in various fields of human activity. A threelink system of social protection and health care for the personnel is proposed. The first link is related to working conditions and high risk groups are formed depending on their overall occupational risk. Preventive and rehabilitation measures are suggested as a complex of social protection measures. The second link includes providing specialized health care, including thorough early diagnosis for the personnel according to the medical indications, identified on the basis of periodic medical examinations. The third link covers the possibility of compensatory payments or other social benefits for sick employees based on detecting a cause-and-effect relationship between working conditions and a diagnosed disease (an insured event). For risks which are negligibly smaller compared to the overall risk, it is important to exclude the emotional factor from assessments as such factors can lead to unreasonable decisions. Experience gained in the analysis of the effects caused by radiation can be effectively used to assess and forecast adverse effects of exposure to a wide range of other technogenic factors, which are more important from the point of view of health effects.

41-47

Authors: Gasilin V.V., Bocharov Ye.P., Ayzatullin A.A., Ignatyev D.M.

Ambient air monitoring in the city of Kazan is undertaken by monitoring systems of three different departments. Unacceptable risk levels from exposure to particulate matter are being formed in the city, which is confirmed by the monitoring performed by all the departments. The most hazardous are particulate matter smaller than 10 and 2.5 microns. Exposure to this particulate matter causes unacceptable levels of non-carcinogenic risks in almost all the studied areas. Exposure to formaldehyde and soot forms both unacceptable carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risks. According to the data of the three departments, mutual validation of the results can be observed but there are still significant differences in the results for particular pollutants, which makes it impossible to make sufficiently substantiated management decisions.

55-63

Authors: Zemlyanova M.A., Zvezdin V.N., Dovbysh A.A., Kondrashov N.B., Akafyeva T.I.

A study of morphological characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract in laboratory animals during a subchronic (over a 30 day period) intra-gastric administration of the aqueos suspension of nano-dispersed manganese oxide (III, IV) at a dose of 10.4 mg/kg demonstrated a complex of pathomorphological changes. These included an evenly distributed moderate inflammatory response in the mucosal and submucosal layers of the stomach and in the small and large intestines, which was manifested via lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration ad- mixed with eosinophils and plasma cells. In the ganglia of the intermuscular nerve plexus, dystrophic changes with a pronounced perneural edema were observed. When a microfine equivalent was administered in a similar way, the inflammatory response in the studied organs was local and mild. No events of perneural edema or dystrophy in the ganglia of the intermuscular nerve plexus were detected.

75-81

Authors: Tsunina N.M., Molodkina D.A.

This article identifies current directions in the development of social and hygiene monitoring and health risk analysis in the context of communication to state athorities, local authorities, the population, etc. The experience in specifying the objectives in social and hygiene monitoring, the ways to improve the quality of information and analysis was generalized. The article contains a list of general topics in social and hygiene monitoring which are covered by research and analytical papers published in journals and on a website. The major sources of information for social and hygiene monitoring are listed. A summary table with explanations on communication sections and total composition and percentage shares of the published works over the last 3 years is given in this paper. The description of software and its usage to collect and treat indicators and data in social and hygiene monitoring is provided in this work. Possible prospects of improving the communication system as a result of social and hygiene monitoring are discussed.